The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible...The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible support from the criminal law. The criminal law cannot be absent from promoting the rule of law in education. However, in practice, teachers’ disciplinary behaviors are often ex-cessively criminalized, leading to problems such as over-expanding punishment and harming the innocent and even the malaise that en-danger substantive justice such as the tarnishing of teachers’ disci-plinary right and the imbalance of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors. Such overcriminalization has its social causes and normative crux, which is the ambiguity of regulations of teachers’ disciplinary right in terms of the pre-existing law and the unclear positioning of the jus-tification of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors in terms of the criminal law. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a dual clarification of the chaotic parts of the two laws and determine the corresponding guiding principles, and test them one by one through the hierarchical theory of crime to make the path of exculpation clear. At the level of constituent elements, the exculpation is achieved through the normative judgment of the constituent elements;At the level of illegality, the exculpation is achieved by virtue of substantive considerations of reasons such as le-gal acts, legitimate defense, and victims’ commitments;At the level of accountability, the exculpation is achieved through the value screening of the culpability paradigm. We should reverse the trend of overcrim-inalization of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors by clearing the way of exculpation.展开更多
Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and t...Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and they take advantage of the online anonymity.A serious situation that needs to improve for networks’defenders.Therefore,a paradigm shift is essential to the effectiveness of current techniques and practices.Since the majority of cyber incidents are human enabled,this shift requires expanding research to underexplored areas such as behavioral aspects of cybersecurity.It is more vital to focus on social and behavioral issues to improve the current situation.This paper is an effort to provide a review of relevant theories and principles,and gives insights including an interdisciplinary framework that combines behavioral cybersecurity,human factors,and modeling and simulation.展开更多
Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and t...Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and they take advantage of the online anonymity.A serious situation that needs to improve for networks’defenders.Therefore,a paradigm shift is essential to the effectiveness of current techniques and practices.Since the majority of cyber incidents are human enabled,this shift requires expanding research to underexplored areas such as behavioral aspects of cybersecurity.It is more vital to focus on social and behavioral issues to improve the current situation.This paper is an effort to provide a review of relevant theories and principles,and gives insights including an interdisciplinary framework that combines behavioral cybersecurity,human factors,and modeling and simulation.展开更多
基金the result of “Research on the Response and Development of Criminal Law Doctrine under the Impact of Legislation for Preventive Criminalization” (22AFX008)a key project of the National Social Science Foundation of China, and “Research on the Whole Life Cycle Criminal Law Protec-tion of Personal Information Rights and Interests in the Digital Age” (2023EFX010)a project under Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning for young researchers。
文摘The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible support from the criminal law. The criminal law cannot be absent from promoting the rule of law in education. However, in practice, teachers’ disciplinary behaviors are often ex-cessively criminalized, leading to problems such as over-expanding punishment and harming the innocent and even the malaise that en-danger substantive justice such as the tarnishing of teachers’ disci-plinary right and the imbalance of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors. Such overcriminalization has its social causes and normative crux, which is the ambiguity of regulations of teachers’ disciplinary right in terms of the pre-existing law and the unclear positioning of the jus-tification of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors in terms of the criminal law. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a dual clarification of the chaotic parts of the two laws and determine the corresponding guiding principles, and test them one by one through the hierarchical theory of crime to make the path of exculpation clear. At the level of constituent elements, the exculpation is achieved through the normative judgment of the constituent elements;At the level of illegality, the exculpation is achieved by virtue of substantive considerations of reasons such as le-gal acts, legitimate defense, and victims’ commitments;At the level of accountability, the exculpation is achieved through the value screening of the culpability paradigm. We should reverse the trend of overcrim-inalization of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors by clearing the way of exculpation.
基金The authors would like to thank the journal for the opportunity to publish an open access paper,and many thanks to the outstanding reviewers for their hard work and feedback.
文摘Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and they take advantage of the online anonymity.A serious situation that needs to improve for networks’defenders.Therefore,a paradigm shift is essential to the effectiveness of current techniques and practices.Since the majority of cyber incidents are human enabled,this shift requires expanding research to underexplored areas such as behavioral aspects of cybersecurity.It is more vital to focus on social and behavioral issues to improve the current situation.This paper is an effort to provide a review of relevant theories and principles,and gives insights including an interdisciplinary framework that combines behavioral cybersecurity,human factors,and modeling and simulation.
文摘Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on networks.Unfortunately,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and they take advantage of the online anonymity.A serious situation that needs to improve for networks’defenders.Therefore,a paradigm shift is essential to the effectiveness of current techniques and practices.Since the majority of cyber incidents are human enabled,this shift requires expanding research to underexplored areas such as behavioral aspects of cybersecurity.It is more vital to focus on social and behavioral issues to improve the current situation.This paper is an effort to provide a review of relevant theories and principles,and gives insights including an interdisciplinary framework that combines behavioral cybersecurity,human factors,and modeling and simulation.
