Cross-Listing and Valuation Effects＂ Evidence From Nairobi Securities Exchange

The purpose of this study is to analyze the valuation effects of cross-listing. The study has conducted a univariate analysis of the Tobin＇s Q and the market-to-book ratio for the period before and after the cross-listing by using paired tests. Non-cross-listed firms are then included in multivariate regressions by using pooled Time Series Cross Section （TSCS） and Panel Corrected Standard Error （PCSE） regressions for a period of 13 years to find out if there is a difference in the valuations between cross-listed firms and non-cross-listed firms. The study＇s results indicate that the Tobin＇s Q of cross-listed-firms increases two years prior to cross-listing and that it continues to increase two years after cross-listing. The market-to-book ratios also show an increase two years prior to cross-listing and up to one year after cross-listing, then decrease in the second year after cross-listing. When non-cross-listed firms are included in the analysis, results indicate that cross-listed firms are valued higher than non-cross-listed firms. When data are portioned for positive earnings per share （EPS） and dividends, results indicate that valuation is the highest when EPS is positive. Since segmentation theories cannot be ruled out, the study＇s findings are more in support of the growth opportunity hypothesis.

Accounting standards, disclosure requirements and foreign company listings on stock exchanges

Some have claimed that there would be more foreign companies listed on American stock exchanges if foreign companies could use International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） instead of American generally accepted accounting principles （GAAP） and could be exempted from some of the disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In spite of these requirements, as of December 31, 2007, there are approximately 421 non-U.S, companies valued at $11.4 trillion listed on the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE）. Of these 421 companies, 41 companies are from China. This study examines the reasons for Chinese companies choosing to list on the New York Stock Exchange and their experiences with incremental disclosure and listing requirements on the Shanghai, Hong Kong, London, and New York stock exchanges. The lesson for foreign companies everywhere should be that foreign companies should search for those cross listings adding value and not be searching for countries and stock exchanges with weak disclosure and listing requirements.

Investor Protection,Ownership Structure and Corporate Valuation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between investor protection, ownership structure and corporate valuation. La Porta showed that there existed a simple linear relationship between corporate valuation and the holding percentage of controlling shareholders. But recent empirical evidence does not support it. A nonlinear relationship is proved between ownership structure and corporate valuaton by relaxing the assumption of La Porta＇s model in this paper. There exists a positive relation between investor protection and corporate valuation. Our empirical research shows that this relation is significantly positive indeed.

The Link Between Internet Financial Reporting and Information Asymmetry for American Depository Receipts

We provide evidence on the effect of the presentation format and information content of Internet financial reporting on the market value of American Depository Receipts and on country-specific variables that drive Internet financial reporting. A two-stage Heckman approach was used to determine if Internet financial reporting adds incremental value to firms beyond the decision to cross-list in the United States. The results indicate that investors more highly value firms that provide information in multiple formats. We also find that country-specific variables affect the information content, but not the presentation format of disclosures on corporate websites. The results uncover a disconnection between what the market values （presentation format） and what the firms believe the market values （information content）. This implies that firms are not entirely aware of investors＇ information wants and that they are not utilizing their resources in the manner that will have the most impact on their market value.

Auditor choice and accruals patterns of cross-listed firms

We examine the association between auditor choice and the accruals patterns of Chinese listed firms that cross-list in Hong Kong.Our evidence suggests that the clients of Big 4 auditors report lower unsigned discretionary accruals relative to the clients of non-Big 4 auditors.Further,we find that cross-listed firms with non-Big 4 auditors are more likely to understate their earnings and experience larger reversals of accruals in the future than cross-listed firms with Big 4 auditors.These findings suggest that Big 4 auditors play a meaningful role in improving earnings quality for cross-listed firms,which helps to explain why crosslisted firms have higher earnings quality than their domestic counterparts,as documented in the previous literature.

Performance of Price Limits: Evidence from Cross-Listed Stocks in China

Previous literature on price limit offers mixed empirical evidence on the effectiveness of price limits.This study complements the literature by providing a quasi-natural experiment to study the performance of price limit. We examine the effectiveness of price limit rule using cross-listed stocks in the Chinese stock markets and Hong Kong stock market. We find that the influence of price limit becomes weaker as limit-hitting stocks are traded more actively. Among stocks with high trading activity, the delay of efficient price discovery, the volatility spillover and the trading interference become statistically insignificant. This challenges the views of price limit critics. Additionally, we find that the effect of price limits on the trading is asymmetric for A-shares in the upward and downward price movements.

Cross-listing and CSR performance： evidence from AH shares

This study investigates the association between corporate social responsibility （CSR） performance and cross-listing. In a clean setting where a change in CSR performance can be attributed to the cross-listing, we find a statistically significant and economically meaningful increase in CSR performance for the cross-listed firms. Moreover, such an increase comes mostly in technical CSR, which targets the firms＇ primary stakeholders. We also find that the positive association between cross-listing and CSR improvements is more pronounced for firms with weak corporate governance. The results hold under a variety of different robustness checks.

Premiums between Cross-listed Shares:Determinants and Assessment of Financial Reform Policy Effectiveness

This paper explores determinants of price premiums between A-share and American depositary receipts(ADR)or H-share and sheds light on policies using daily data from cross-listed companies from 2002-2020.Market sentiment and financial openness are critical in explaining both types of price premiums.Expected exchange rate changes significantly impact the A-share versus ADR premium but liquidity is essential for the A-share versus H-share premium.The introduction of Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect in November 2014 has effectively increased the price discovery capacity of the A-share market,and investors were more adaptive to the RMB foreign exchange rate volatility after Chinese exchange rate system reform in 2015.The paper provides insights into future capital market reform in China.

Overseas Listing of Chinese Companies:An Overview

This paper provides a broad-based overview of Chinese companies listed in the UnitedStates, Hong Kong SAR, and Singapore. As more and more Chinese companies are seekinglisting on international stock exchanges, they must fully understand the costs and benefitsassociated with overseas capital-raising activities. Above all, they must be committed toaddressing investors’ concerns over accountability, transparency and corporate governancein general. Examinations of the pricing and post-offer performance of those listed in theU.S. market indicate that American depositary receipts (ADRs) from China have a moderatepositive return on the first day of trading but underperform the U.S. stock market in the firstthree years after offer. These results are generally consistent with the stylized facts aboutnewly listed companies recognized in the prior literature.