The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt ...The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt cotton breeding and high-yield and-efficiency cotton cultivation.This study was conducted using Bt cotton cultivar‘Sikang 3'during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Yangzhou University Farm,Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.Potted cotton plants were exposed to high temperature and drought stress,and sprayed with either 20 mg L^(-1)DPC or water(CK).Seven days after treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content,α-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content were measured,and transcriptome sequencing was performed.DESeq was used for differential gene analysis.Under the DPC treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content increased by 4.7-11.9% compared to CK.Theα-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content all increased.Transcriptome analysis revealed 7,542 upregulated genes and 10,449 downregulated genes for DPC vs.CK.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes,such as carbon and amino acid metabolism.For example,genes encoding 6-phosphofructokinase,pyruvate kinase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase,pyruvate dehydrogenase,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,glutamate synthase,1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,amino-acid N-acetyltransferase,and acetylornithine deacetylase were all significantly upregulated.The DPC treatment increased pyruvate,α-ketoglutarate,and oxaloacetate by increasing the operational rate of the glycolytic pathway of the citric acid cycle.It also significantly upregulated the genes encoding glutamate synthase,pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,and N-acetylglutamate synthetase,while it downregulated the genes encoding glutamine synthetase.Therefore,the synthesis of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,pyruvate,and arginine increased after treatment with DPC,and the Cry1Ac protein content was increased by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism.展开更多
Environmental safety issues involved in transgenic plants have become the concern of researchers, practitioners and policy makers in recent years. Potential differences between Bt maize（ND1324 and ND2353 expressing t...Environmental safety issues involved in transgenic plants have become the concern of researchers, practitioners and policy makers in recent years. Potential differences between Bt maize（ND1324 and ND2353 expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein） and near-isogenic non-Bt varieties（ND1392 and ND223） in their influence on the composite microbial system of MC1 during the fermentation process were studied during 2011-2012. Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues didn＇t affect characteristics of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, pH of fermentation broth decreasing at initial stage and increasing at later stage of degradation. The quality of various volatile products in fermentation broth showed that no signifi cant difference of residues fermentation existed between Bt maize and non-Bt maize. During the fermentation MC1 efficiently degraded maize residues by 83%-88%, and cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content decreased by 70%-72%, 72%-75% and 30%-37%, respectively. Besides that, no consistent difference was found between Bt and non-Bt maize residues lignocellulose degradation by MC1 during the fermentation process. MC1 degraded 88%-89% Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues, and in the fermentation broth of MC1 and bacteria of MC1 Cry1Ab protein was not detected. DGGE profi le analyses revealed that the microbial community drastically changed during 1-3 days and became stable until the 9th day. Though the dominant strains at different fermentation stages had signifi cantly changed, no difference on the dominant strains was observed between Bt and non-Bt maize at different stages. Our study indicated that Cry1Ab protein did not infl uence the growth characteristic of MC1.展开更多
A recombinant gene expressing a Cry1Ac-GFP fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kD was constructed to investigate the expression of cry1Ac,the localization of its gene product Cry1Ac,and its role ...A recombinant gene expressing a Cry1Ac-GFP fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kD was constructed to investigate the expression of cry1Ac,the localization of its gene product Cry1Ac,and its role in crystal development in Bacillus thuringiensis.The cry1Ac-gfp fusion gene under the control of the cry1Ac promoter was cloned into the plasmid pHT304,and this construct was designated pHTcry1Ac-gfp.pHTcry1Ac-gfp was transformed into the crystal-negative strain,HD-73 cry-,and the resulting strain was named HD-73-(pHTcry1Ac-gfp).The gfp gene was then inserted into the large HD-73 endogenous plasmid pHT73 and fused with the 3' terminal of the cry1Ac gene by homologous recombination,yielding HD-73Φ(cry1Ac-gfp)3534.Laser confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses showed for the first time that the Cry1Ac-GFP fusion proteins in both HD-73-(pHTcry1Ac-gfp) and HD-73Φ(cry1Ac-gfp)3534 were produced during asymmetric septum formation.Surprisingly,the Cry1Ac-GFP fusion protein showed polarity and was located near the septa in both strains.There was no significant difference between Cry1Ac-GFP and Cry1Ac in their toxicity to Plutella xylostella larvae.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901462)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(22KJA210005)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the Brand Professional Construction Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China。
文摘The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt cotton breeding and high-yield and-efficiency cotton cultivation.This study was conducted using Bt cotton cultivar‘Sikang 3'during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Yangzhou University Farm,Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.Potted cotton plants were exposed to high temperature and drought stress,and sprayed with either 20 mg L^(-1)DPC or water(CK).Seven days after treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content,α-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content were measured,and transcriptome sequencing was performed.DESeq was used for differential gene analysis.Under the DPC treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content increased by 4.7-11.9% compared to CK.Theα-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content all increased.Transcriptome analysis revealed 7,542 upregulated genes and 10,449 downregulated genes for DPC vs.CK.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes,such as carbon and amino acid metabolism.For example,genes encoding 6-phosphofructokinase,pyruvate kinase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase,pyruvate dehydrogenase,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,glutamate synthase,1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,amino-acid N-acetyltransferase,and acetylornithine deacetylase were all significantly upregulated.The DPC treatment increased pyruvate,α-ketoglutarate,and oxaloacetate by increasing the operational rate of the glycolytic pathway of the citric acid cycle.It also significantly upregulated the genes encoding glutamate synthase,pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,and N-acetylglutamate synthetase,while it downregulated the genes encoding glutamine synthetase.Therefore,the synthesis of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,pyruvate,and arginine increased after treatment with DPC,and the Cry1Ac protein content was increased by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism.
文摘Environmental safety issues involved in transgenic plants have become the concern of researchers, practitioners and policy makers in recent years. Potential differences between Bt maize（ND1324 and ND2353 expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein） and near-isogenic non-Bt varieties（ND1392 and ND223） in their influence on the composite microbial system of MC1 during the fermentation process were studied during 2011-2012. Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues didn＇t affect characteristics of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, pH of fermentation broth decreasing at initial stage and increasing at later stage of degradation. The quality of various volatile products in fermentation broth showed that no signifi cant difference of residues fermentation existed between Bt maize and non-Bt maize. During the fermentation MC1 efficiently degraded maize residues by 83%-88%, and cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content decreased by 70%-72%, 72%-75% and 30%-37%, respectively. Besides that, no consistent difference was found between Bt and non-Bt maize residues lignocellulose degradation by MC1 during the fermentation process. MC1 degraded 88%-89% Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues, and in the fermentation broth of MC1 and bacteria of MC1 Cry1Ab protein was not detected. DGGE profi le analyses revealed that the microbial community drastically changed during 1-3 days and became stable until the 9th day. Though the dominant strains at different fermentation stages had signifi cantly changed, no difference on the dominant strains was observed between Bt and non-Bt maize at different stages. Our study indicated that Cry1Ab protein did not infl uence the growth characteristic of MC1.
文摘[目的]探明Cry1Ab蛋白通过培养基-果蝇-拟环纹豹蛛这一食物链的传递,最终在拟环纹豹蛛（Pardosa pseudoannulata）体内的富集情况以及毒蛋白随食物链的传递在各营养级中的变化规律。[方法]采用酶联免疫技术（ELISA）测定Cry1Ab蛋白在拟环纹豹蛛和果蝇中的含量。[结果]Cry1Ab蛋白对不同龄期拟环纹豹蛛的体长、背甲宽、中眼域宽、腿长等生长指标不存在显著性差异,但对体重产生一定的影响,使得其体重略有下降的趋势。在0-10 d Cry1Ab蛋白在拟环纹豹蛛体内不断累积,但10 d后拟环纹豹蛛体内Cry1Ab蛋白含量逐渐降低。[结论]Cry1Ab蛋白在拟环纹豹蛛体内具有富集效应。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB118902)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA10A212)
文摘A recombinant gene expressing a Cry1Ac-GFP fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kD was constructed to investigate the expression of cry1Ac,the localization of its gene product Cry1Ac,and its role in crystal development in Bacillus thuringiensis.The cry1Ac-gfp fusion gene under the control of the cry1Ac promoter was cloned into the plasmid pHT304,and this construct was designated pHTcry1Ac-gfp.pHTcry1Ac-gfp was transformed into the crystal-negative strain,HD-73 cry-,and the resulting strain was named HD-73-(pHTcry1Ac-gfp).The gfp gene was then inserted into the large HD-73 endogenous plasmid pHT73 and fused with the 3' terminal of the cry1Ac gene by homologous recombination,yielding HD-73Φ(cry1Ac-gfp)3534.Laser confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses showed for the first time that the Cry1Ac-GFP fusion proteins in both HD-73-(pHTcry1Ac-gfp) and HD-73Φ(cry1Ac-gfp)3534 were produced during asymmetric septum formation.Surprisingly,the Cry1Ac-GFP fusion protein showed polarity and was located near the septa in both strains.There was no significant difference between Cry1Ac-GFP and Cry1Ac in their toxicity to Plutella xylostella larvae.
