Core Research on the Clinical Application Value of Dynamic CT Perfusion Imaging in Stroke

Objective:This study focused on the clinical application value of dynamic CT perfusion imaging in stroke.Methods:A total of 92 patients with stroke were enrolled in this study.All patients were selected from December 2017 to December 2018 according to different diagnostic methods.They were randomly divided into two groups:the observation group and control group.The number of patients in each group was 46.The observation group mainly used dynamic CT perfusion imaging for diagnosis while the control group mainly used CT plain scan.The diagnostic effects of the two groups of patients and the hemodynamic parameters of the surrounding area of sub-acute hematoma and the acute phase of stroke in the observation group were compared.Results:The clinical diagnosis of the observation group was 95.65%while the clinical diagnosis of the control group was 69.57%.The observation group was higher than that of the control group and the difference was significant.In addition,the hemodynamic parameters of the acute phase of the observation group and the sub-acute hematoma were also varied.Conclusion:Dynamic CT perfusion imaging has significant clinical value in stroke,and it is worthy of further application.

Dynamic Changes of the CT Perfusion Parameters in the Embolic Model of Cerebral Ischemia

Summary: To study the dynamic changes of CT perfusion parameters during the first 12 h in the embolic cerebral ischemia models. Local cerebral ischemia model were established in 7 New Zealand white rabbits. All CT scans were performed with a GE Lightspeed 16 multislice CT. Following the baseline scan, further CT perfusion scans were performed at the same locations 20 min, 1-6 h and 8, 10 and 12 h after the embolus delivery. Maps of all parameters were obtained by CT perfusion software at each time point. The brains, taken 12 h after the scan, were sliced corresponding to the positions of the CT slices and stained by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). On the basis of the TTC results, the ischemic sides were divided into 3 regions: core, penumbra and the relatively normal region. The changes of all parameters were then divided into 3 stages. In the first two hours (the first stage), the CBV dropped more remarkably in the core than in the penumbra but rose slightly in the relatively normal region while the CBF decreased and MTT, TTP extended in all regions to varying degrees. In the 2nd-5th h (the second stage), all the parameters fluctuated slightly around a certain level. In the 5th-12th h (the third stage), the CBV and CBF dropped, and MTT and TTP were prolonged or shortened slightly in the core and penumbra though much notably in the former while the CBV, CBF rose and MTT, TTP were shortened remarkably in the relatively normal region. We experimentally demonstrated that the location and extent of cerebral ischemia could be accurately assessed by CT perfusion imaging. The pathophysiology of the ischemia could be reflected by the CT perfusion to varying degrees.

IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF RAT MODELS OF PARKINSON DISEASE

Imaging technologies are utilized to study the brain morphology and the functions of rat models of Parkinson disease （PD）. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and magnetic resonance angiography （MRA） are used to obtain morphological imaging data. Functional imaging data, such as the spectrum and blood flow changes are obtained by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-MRS） and CT perfusion （CTP）. Results show that PD rat models have no characteristic morphological imaging abnormalities, but exist regional cerebral blood flow （CBF） reductions and spectral changes in the striatum.

Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases （83%） with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases （45%） with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〉 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〈 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.

Brain Time Stack图像融合技术在CT中的应用

目的:分析Brain Time Stack图像融合技术在CT中的应用。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年9月衡水市第四人民医院收治的50例CT检查患者作为研究对象。所有患者进行CT检查并进行Brain Time Stack后处理。比较四组不同部位CT值、标准差(SD)、信噪比(SNR)。比较四组图像主观质量评分。分析不同部位CT值、SD、SNR与图像主观质量评分的相关性。结果:B组的延髓、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉CT值明显低于A组;C组的延髓、脑室、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉CT值高于A组;D组延髓、额叶灰质、颞肌肌肉CT值明显低于A组,脑室、额叶白质、小脑外侧CT值明显高于A组;C组延髓、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉CT值明显高于B组;D组延髓、脑室、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉CT值明显高于B组;D组延髓、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉CT值明显低于C组;D组脑室CT值明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组、C组、D组延髓、脑室、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉SD值明显低于A组;C组延髓、脑室、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉SD值均明显高于B组;C组额叶灰质SD明显低于B组;D组延髓、脑室、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、肌肉SD均明显低于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组、C组、D组延髓、脑室、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉SNR均明显高于A组;C组、D组延髓、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉SNR值明显高于B组;C组、D组脑室SNR明显低于B组;D组延髓、脑室、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧、颞肌肌肉SNR明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D组图像主观质量评分最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。延髓、脑室、额叶灰质、额叶白质、小脑内侧、小脑外侧及颞肌肌肉SD与主观质量评分呈明显负相关,SNR与主观质量评分间呈明显正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:利用Brain Time Stack图像融合技术对头部CT扫描检查图像处理,动脉期结合前一期及后一期的图像数据在处理后具有更好的质量和更少的噪音。

Robust restoration of low-dose cerebral perfusion CT images using NCS-Unet

Cerebral perfusion computed tomography(PCT)is an important imaging modality for evaluating cerebrovascular diseases and stroke symptoms.With widespread public concern about the potential cancer risks and health hazards associated with cumulative radiation exposure in PCT imaging,considerable research has been conducted to reduce the radiation dose in X-ray-based brain perfusion imaging.Reducing the dose of X-rays causes severe noise and artifacts in PCT images.To solve this problem,we propose a deep learning method called NCS-Unet.The exceptional characteristics of non-subsampled contourlet transform(NSCT)and the Sobel filter are introduced into NCS-Unet.NSCT decomposes the convolved features into high-and low-frequency components.The decomposed high-frequency component retains image edges,contrast imaging traces,and noise,whereas the low-frequency component retains the main image information.The Sobel filter extracts the contours of the original image and the imaging traces caused by the contrast agent decay.The extracted information is added to NCS-Unet to improve its performance in noise reduction and artifact removal.Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrated that the proposed NCS-Unet can improve the quality of low-dose cone-beam CT perfusion reconstruction images and the accuracy of perfusion parameter calculations.

Study on threshold segmentation of multi-resolution 3D human brain CT image

In order to effectively improve the pathological diagnosis capability and feature resolution of 3D human brain CT images,a threshold segmentation method of multi-resolution 3D human brain CT image based on edge pixel grayscale feature decomposition is proposed in this paper.In this method,first,original 3D human brain image information is collected,and CT image filtering is performed to the collected information through the gradient value decomposition method,and edge contour features of the 3D human brain CT image are extracted.Then,the threshold segmentation method is adopted to segment the regional pixel feature block of the 3D human brain CT image to segment the image into block vectors with high-resolution feature points,and the 3D human brain CT image is reconstructed with the salient feature point as center.Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can provide accuracy up to 100%when the signal-to-noise ratio is 0,and with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio,the accuracy provided by this method is stable at 100%.Comparison results show that the threshold segmentation method of multi-resolution 3D human brain CT image based on edge pixel grayscale feature decomposition is signicantly better than traditional methods in pathological feature estimation accuracy,and it effectively improves the rapid pathological diagnosis and positioning recognition abilities to CT images.

Computed tomography perfusion and computed tomography angiography for prediction of clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients after thrombolysis

Cerebral blood perfusion and cerebrovascular lesions are important factors that can affect the therapeutic efficacy of thrombolysis.At present,the majority of studies focus on assessing the accuracy of lesion location using imaging methods before treatment,with less attention to predictions of outcomes after thrombolysis.Thus,in the present study,we assessed the efficacy of combined computed tomography（CT） perfusion and CT angiography in predicting clinical outcomes after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients.The study included 52 patients who received both CT perfusion and CT angiography.Patients were grouped based on the following criteria to compare clinical outcomes：（1） thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic patients,（2） thrombolytic patients with CT angiography showing the presence or absence of a vascular stenosis,（3） thrombolytic patients with CT perfusion showing the presence or absence of hemodynamic mismatch,and（4） different CT angiography and CT perfusion results.Short-term outcome was assessed by the 24-hour National Institution of Health Stroke Scale score change.Long-term outcome was assessed by the 3-month modified Rankin Scale score.Of 52 ischemic stroke patients,29 were treated with thrombolysis and exhibited improved short-term outcomes compared with those without thrombolysis treatment（23 patients）.Patients with both vascular stenosis and blood flow mismatch（13 patients） exhibited the best short-term outcome,while there was no correlation of long-term outcome with CT angiography or CT perfusion findings.These data suggest that combined CT perfusion and CT angiography are useful for predicting short-term outcome,but not long-term outcome,after thrombolysis.

Three Dimensional Expansion of Margins for Single-fraction Treatments: Stereotactic Radiosurgery Brain Cases

Purpose: To derive a clinically-practical margin formula between clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) for single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods: In previous publications on the margin between the CTV and the PTV, a Gaussian function with zero mean was assumed for the systematic error and the machine systematic error was completely ignored. In this work we adopted a Dirac delta function for the machine systematic error for a given machine with nonzero mean systematic error. Mathematical formulas for calculating the CTV-PTV margin for single-fraction SRS treatments were proposed. Results: Margins for single fraction treatments were derived such that the CTVs received the prescribed dose in 95% of the SRS patients. The margin defined in this study was machine specific and accounted for nonzero mean systematic error. The differences between our formulas and a previously published formula were discussed. Conclusion: Clinical margin formulas were proposed for determining the margin between the CTV and the PTV in SRS treatments. Previous margin’s recipes, being derived specifically for conventional treatments, may be inappropriate for single-fraction SRS and could result in geometric miss of the target and even treatment failure for machines possessing of large systematic errors.

CT灌注成像参数对急性脑梗死侧支循环的评估价值及与术后近期预后的相关性

目的探讨CT灌注成像(CTPI)参数对急性脑梗死(ACI)侧支循环的评估价值及与术后近期预后的相关性。方法选取我院2022年1月-2023年2月收治的106例ACI患者,以数字血管造影(DSA)作为诊断“金标准”,将其分有侧支循环组(46例)与无侧支循环组(60例)。两组患者均进行CTPI检查,对比两组受试者CTPI参数[脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)及达峰时间(TTP)],采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CTPI参数对ACI侧支循环的预测价值;比较CTPI参数评估急性缺血性脑梗死侧支循环与DSA检查的一致性;采用Pearson相关性分析ACI患者的CTPI参数与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、改良Ranking量表(mRS)评分的相关性。结果有侧支循环组CBV、CBF均高于无侧支循环组(P<0.05),MTT、TTP均低于无侧支循环组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CBV、CBF、MTT、TTP及联合检测对ACI侧支循环均有预测效能(P<0.05),其AUC分别为0.793、0.705、0.841、0.669、0.879,单独检测中MTT效能最高,但仍低于联合检测效能。CTPI参数联合检查对ACI侧支循环的诊断灵敏性为84.78%、特异性为90.00%、准确率为87.74%、阳性预测值为86.67%、阴性预测值为88.52%、Kappa值为0.750。有侧支循环组NIHSS、mRS评分均低于无侧支循环组(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析发现,CBV、CBF与NIHSS、mRS评分呈负相关(P<0.05),MTT、TTP与NIHSS、mRS评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论ACI有侧支循环患者的CBV、CBF均较无侧支循环患者高,MTT、TTP均较无侧支循环患者低,CTPI参数用于评估ACI侧支循环具有较高的诊断效能,且有侧支循环患者近期预后较好,同时CBV、CBF、MTT、TTP与ACI患者近期预后均存在相关性,可通过检测CBV、CBF、MTT、TTP预测患者近期预后。

基于Brain Time Stack图像融合技术对80 kV头部灌注CT图像质量的改善研究

目的探讨Brain Time Stack图像融合技术在80 kV管电压下对头部灌注CT图像质量改善的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2021年7—9月在北京医院放射科行头部灌注扫描的31例患者资料。根据头部CT灌注扫描获得的时间-密度曲线,选择动脉峰值期、峰值前一期及峰值后一期,共3个时相的0.5 mm图像,进行Brain Time Stack后处理,并将图像数据分为四组:A组(动脉期)、B组(动脉期结合前一期相)、C组(动脉期结合后一期相)、D组(动脉期结合前一期及后一期)。通过t检验比较4组图像的额叶白质、灰质、侧脑室、延髓、小脑的CT值、标准差值(Standard Deviation,SD)、信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)及对比噪声比(Contrast to Noise Ratio,CNR)的统计学差异。此外,由2名医师分别对4组图像的图像质量进行主观评分,并通过Mann-Whitney U检验对比其统计学差异。结果4组图像的额叶白质、灰质、侧脑室、延髓、小脑的SD值、SNR及CNR均存在统计学差异(P<0.001),其中D组图像的噪声最低、SNR及CNR最高。4组图像之间CT值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。此外,4组图像的主观评分存在统计学差异,D组明显优于A、B、C组(P<0.05)。两医师间主观评分一致性较好,Kappa值为0.817(P<0.001)。结论Brain Time Stack图像融合技术可有效降低降低图像噪声,明显改善图像质量。

颅脑CT灌注成像及磁共振成像在脑梗死患者中的应用

目的分析颅脑CT灌注成像及磁共振成像对脑梗死患者的诊断价值。方法选取2022-03—2023-05在江苏省中西医结合医院就诊的80例疑似脑梗死患者为研究对象,对比分析GE Revolution CT颅脑灌注成像、磁共振成像及联合检查的敏感性、特异性、准确性,制作3种影像学检查的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。结果根据患者病情和临床综合诊断确诊,80例疑似脑梗死患者中脑梗死阳性69例(86.25%),脑梗死阴性11例(13.75%)。3种影像学检查方法的灵敏度、准确率比较,从高到低依次为联合检查、GE Revolution CT颅脑灌注成像检查、磁共振成像检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GE Revolution CT颅脑灌注成像检查、磁共振成像检查、联合检查诊断脑梗死的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.8109、0.7688、0.8682。结论GE Revolution CT颅脑灌注成像与磁共振成像检查的联合应用,有利于提高脑梗死患者诊断的灵敏度、准确率及AUC水平。

采用MSCT灌注成像检查评估周围型非小细胞肺癌分化程度的可行性分析

目的分析多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像检查评估周围型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)分化程度的可行性。方法选取本院2017年7月至2018年10月本院收治确诊的52例周围型NSCLC患者作为研究对象,比较不同分化级别患者的MSCT灌注成像参数;分析灌注参数与分化程度的相关性。结果高分化、中分化周围型NSCLC患者BF、BV、PS、MTT及PH数值均高于低分化周围型NSCLC,以高分化周围型NSCLC的BF、BV、PS、MTT及PH数值最高。各个灌注参数值,其中高分化、中分化周围型NSCLC的BF、PH与低分化周围型NSCLC比较差异显著(P<0.05),三者BV、PS及MTT数值比较,均为明显差异(P>0.05)。周围型NSCLC患者灌注参数BF、PH与其分化程度成负相关,且相关性显著(P<0.05)。结论MSCT灌注成像检查可有效反映周围型NSCLC的分化程度,其灌注参数中BF、PH对评估其分化程度有一定帮助,与周围型NSCLC分化程度具有一定相关性。

CTP联合CTA对颅脑创伤病灶周围组织血流灌注的评估价值

目的CT灌注成像(CTP)联合CT血管成像(CTA)对颅脑创伤(TBI)病灶周围组织血流灌注的评估价值。方法回顾性分析我院80例TBI患者资料。所有患者均行CTP、CTA及数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查,以手术病理及DSA为“金标准”,比较CTP和CTA对患者病灶的检出情况、病灶区和对侧区CTP参数[脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)]值,分析CTA对TBI患者病灶周围血管狭窄程度的检出情况,采用Pearson相关系数分析CTP参数与GCS评分的相关性。结果80例患者中经手术病理诊断颅内损伤42例,轴外损伤28,颅脑深部损伤10例,CTP和CTA的临床检出率分别为96.25%、93.75%;病灶区CBV、CBF值均显著低于对侧区(P<0.05),MTT、TTP值均显著高于对侧区(P<0.05);80例患者经DSA诊断共检出89处血管狭窄,其中轻度狭窄45处,中度狭窄26处,重度狭窄15处,闭塞3处,CTA检测轻度中度、重度和闭塞血管的准确率分别为97.73%、82.14%、85.71%、100%,总准确率为91.01%;Pearson相关系数分析显示,GCS评分与CTP参数CBF、CBV呈显著正相关,与MTT、TTP呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论应用CTP和CTA可以较好地反馈TBI患者颅脑血流动力学和血管病变情况,两者联合检查可以为TBI患者临床诊断提供重要信息,以辅助临床治疗。

肝癌TACE前后癌灶及癌旁CT灌注成像血流定量变化及指导疗效评估的价值

目的探讨肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前后癌灶及癌旁计算机断层扫描灌注成像(CTPI)血流定量变化及指导疗效评估的价值。方法回顾性选取2022年8月至2024年3月在本院行TACE治疗的肝癌患者63例,均分别于TACE术前1~3d及术后7d进行CTPI检查,对比肿瘤组织与癌旁1cm组织手术前后肝血流量(BF)、肝血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)变化情况。根据术后7d肝癌患者疗效情况分为有效组和无效组,对比两组手术前后上述血流灌注参数变化,绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析CTPI血流参数对肝癌患者疗效的评估价值。结果术前、术后肿瘤组织BF、BV、HPI、HAP均高于癌旁1cm组织,PVP、MTT均低于癌旁1cm组织(P<0.05);术后,肿瘤组织BF、BV、HPI、HAP水平较术前均降低(P<0.05),PVP、MTT均升高但与术前比较无差异(P>0.05);术后癌旁1cm组织上述参数水平较术前无变化(P>0.05)。TACE后7d肝癌患者有效率为65.07%(41/63),无效34.92%(22/63)。有效组手术前后△BF、△BV、△HPI、△HAP、△PVP、△MTT与无效组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示,△BF、△BV、△HPI、△HAP、△PVP、△MTT及其联合检测评估肝癌患者TACE疗效的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.703、0.751、0.737、0.746、0.770、0.732、0.928(P均<0.05)。结论TACE后肝癌患者肿瘤组织的BF、BV、HPI、HAP均下降,PVP、MTT均升高,但癌旁组织上述指标无变化,临床可通过CTPI血流定量变化对肝癌患者早期疗效予以准确评估。

CTA/CTP评估在缺血性脑血管病介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨CT血管成像(CTA)/CT灌注成像(CTP)在缺血性脑血管病介入治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年9月我院收治的200例缺血性脑血管病患者,均在入院后接受CTA及CTP检查,分析其影像资料,探究CTA及CTP缺血性脑血管病介入治疗中的应用价值。结果脑血容量(CBV)比较:缺血半暗带>健侧>梗死区(P<0.05);脑血流量(CBF)比较:健侧>缺血半暗带>梗死区(P<0.05);平均通过时间(MTT)、目标组织中浓度达峰时间(TTP)、目标组织中所有残余功能全部达峰时间(Tmax)比较:健侧<缺血半暗带<梗死区(P<0.05)。CTA检出左侧、右侧大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞或狭窄分别59例(29.50%)、91例(45.50%),左侧、右侧颈内动脉(ICA)闭塞分别16例(8.00%)、12例(6.00%),双侧ICA狭窄为6例(3.00%);代偿分支血管显影基本满意129例(64.50%),显影不足71例(35.50),其余16例(8.00%)患者CTA影像资料显示无异常,敏感度为92.00%。预后不良组患侧CBV、CBF小于预后良好组,MTT、TTP、Tmax长于预后良好组,代偿血管建立比例低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,CBV、CBF、MTT、TTP、Tmax对介入治疗预后均有一定的预测效能(P<0.05),其曲线下面积分别为0.839、0.815、0.673、0.713、0.710,其中CBV预测效能最高,敏感性为83.20%,特异性为73.33%。结论CTA/CTP可反映大脑、颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞、代偿分支建立情况,也可反映血流灌注情况,在介入治疗合理时机的判断方面可提供准确依据,提高患者预后。

脑CT灌注成像在脑动脉狭窄介入术后脑过度灌注综合征的应用

目的:探讨脑CT灌注成像(cerebral CT perfusion imaging,CTP)检查用于颅内外动脉狭窄(intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis,ICAS)的诊断应用及预测支架成形术后发生脑过度灌注综合征(cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,CHS)的预测价值。方法:收集分析南阳市中心医院2020年12月至2021年12月,100例经支架置入术前检查确诊为颅内外动脉狭窄的患者,同时所有患者术前均接受CTP检查。分析支架置入术后发生CHS与非CHS患者的术前CTP的CTP参数,对患者术后发生CHS的预测价值。结果:CTP检查显示低灌注颅内外动脉狭窄患者患侧局部脑血容量(regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)较健侧降低,患侧脑血流体积(regional cerebral blood volume,rCBV)较健侧增加,局部平均通过时间(regional mean transit time,rMTT)、局部达峰时间(regional time to peak,r TTP)较健侧延长,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);发生CHS的患者的术前rTTP、rMTT较非CHS组患者延长,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);术前CTP参数rMTT、rTTP对患者支架置入术后发生CHS具有预测价值。结论:CTP可以作为一种很有前途的临床诊断工具来诊断颅内外狭窄的患者,能反应血流动力学变化。rMTTP、rTTP对支架成形术后是否发生CHS有一定的预测。

血清AQP联合CT脑灌注成像参数预测急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后的价值

目的 研究CT脑灌注成像参数联合血清水通道蛋白(AQP)对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者溶栓后短期预后的预测价值。方法 选择2021年9月至2023年12月于江苏省常州市武进中医医院进行静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者,溶栓前进行CT脑灌注成像并计算参数平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP),采集血清并检测AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平。根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻度组(NIHSS评分≤4分)、中度组(NIHSS评分5~19分)、重度组(NIHSS评分20~25分);根据溶栓治疗后第90d的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分0~2分)、预后不良组(mRS评分3~5分)。比较各组MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9的差异,采用logistic多因素回归分析预后不良的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析各影响因素对预后不良的预测价值。结果 不同神经损伤程度AIS患者MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9比较:轻度组<中度组<重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组AIS患者的年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、病灶最大径、MTT、TTP、血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MTT、TTP、AQP1、AQP4、入院时NIHSS评分是AIS患者短期预后的影响因素(P<0.05);各影响因素对AIS患者短期预后具有预测价值,联合预测的灵敏度和特异度分别为84.31%和92.86%。结论 CT脑灌注成像参数MTT、TTP联合血清AQP1、AQP4对AIS患者溶栓后短期预后具有较好预测效能。

成人烟雾病不同临床表现患者全脑CTP与CTA影像特征研究

目的通过观察分析成人烟雾病的脑动脉CT血管成像(CTA)及全脑CT灌注成像(CTP)图像的特点,探讨成人烟雾病出血型、缺血型及无症状型患者的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析82例成人烟雾病患者的临床资料、全脑CTA和CTP图像,以20例健康人作为对照组。根据82例成人烟雾病患者临床表现分为脑出血组(32例,64个大脑半球)、脑缺血组(26例,52个大脑半球)和无症状组(24例,48个大脑半球),分析各组CTA改良法Suzuki分级差异、CTP灌注参数值[脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)]的差异。结果CTA改良法Suzuki分级结果为无症状组患者多为Ⅰ级(39.6%),脑缺血组患者多为Ⅳ级(59.6%),脑出血组患者多为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级(68.7%),无症状组、脑缺血组、脑出血组任意两组间改良法Suzuki分级情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无症状组CBV、CBF、MTT及TTP与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。脑缺血组CBV、CBF明显低于对照组,MTT、TTP较对照组明显延长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑出血组CBV、CBF与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但MTT、TTP较对照组明显延长(P<0.05)。脑缺血组CBV、CBF与脑出血组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);无症状组的CBV、CBF、MTT、TTP与脑缺血组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);无症状组MTT、TTP与脑出血组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论成人烟雾病出血型、缺血型及无症状型患者的脑动脉CTA改良法Suzuki分级及全脑CTP灌注参数具有一定的差异,对临床个性化诊疗具有指导意义。

心血管磁共振心肌灌注成像联合CT血流储备分数预测阻塞性冠心病发生心血管不良事件的价值

目的 探讨心血管磁共振(CMR)心肌灌注成像联合CT血流储备分数(CT-FFR)参数对阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生的预测价值。方法 选取2018年6月—2022年6月在河北北方学院附属第二医院治疗的180例阻塞性冠心病(冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)患者进行前瞻性研究。所有患者行CT血管成像及CMR心肌灌注成像检查,并通过现场随访或电话随访等方式,收集患者1年内的心血管不良事件发生情况。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析发生心血管不良事件的影响因素;ROC曲线评估不同的预测模型对心血管不良事件发生的预测效能。结果 发生心血管不良事件的患者共45例为观察组,其余135例为对照组。与对照组比较,观察组年龄、男性占比、吸烟者占比、总胆固醇水平、合并糖尿病者占比、合并高脂血症者占比、首过灌注时间及心肌延迟强化信号值等指标升高,CT-FFR及最大上升斜率(Slopemax)指标则降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将以上指标进一步做单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,得出年龄、男性、吸烟、合并糖尿病、合并高脂血症及首过灌注时间、心肌延迟强化信号值是阻塞性冠心病患者发生心血管不良事件的独立危险因素(P<0.05),CT-FFR及Slopemax是其保护因素(P<0.05)。仅使用临床参数(包括年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、高脂血症等疾病)时的ROC曲线下面积为0.721(95%CI:0.645~0.812);CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR的ROC曲线下面积为0.793(95%CI:0.713~0.873);在CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR的基础上加入临床参数的ROC曲线下面积为0.893(95%CI:0.835~0.952)。结论 CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR是阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生的独立预测因素,在临床模型基础上加入CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR可显著提高对阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生风险的预测效能。