The Jinchuan deposit is hosted by the olivine-rich ultramafic rock body, which is the thirdlargest magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposit in the world currently being exploited. Seeking new relaying resources in the deep and ...The Jinchuan deposit is hosted by the olivine-rich ultramafic rock body, which is the thirdlargest magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposit in the world currently being exploited. Seeking new relaying resources in the deep and the border of the deposit becomes more and more important. The ore body, ore and geochemistry characteristics of the concealed Cu-rich ore body are researched. Through spatial analysis and comparison with the neighboring II1 main ore body, the mineralization rule of the concealed Cu-rich ore body is summed up. It is also implied that Cu-rich magma may exist between Nirich magma and ore pulp during liquation differentiation in deep-stage chambers, which derives from deep-mantle Hi-MgO basalt magma. It is concluded that the type of ore body has features of both magmatic liquation and late reconstruction action. It has experienced three stages： deep liquation and pulsatory injection of the Cu- and PPGE-rich magma, concentration of tectonic activation, and the later magma hydrothermal superimposition. In addition, the Pb and S isotopes indicate the magma of I6 concealed Cu-rich ore body originates predominantly from mantle; however, it is interfused by minute crust material. Finally, it is inferred that the genesis of the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit is complex and diverse, and the prospect of seeking new deep ore bodies within similar deposits is promising, especially Cu-rich ore bodies.展开更多
Cu precipitation behaviors in two Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steels,type 304 and type 317L,were systematically studied by using relatively simple methods for materials analysis,including micro-hardn...Cu precipitation behaviors in two Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steels,type 304 and type 317L,were systematically studied by using relatively simple methods for materials analysis,including micro-hardness,electrical resistivity,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.The results indicated that after aging at elevated temperature,the micro-hardness, electrical resistivity,electrochemical impedance and lattice constant of the steel were all varied at different degrees due to the precipitation and growth of Cu-rich phases.The results also showed that the heat evolution during the process of Cu precipitation could be sensitively detected by means of differential scanning calorimetry,obtainning the starting temperature,peak temperature,peak area of the Cu-rich precipitation,and even the activation energy by calculation.The results confirmed that the Cu-rich phased precipitation in the Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steel should be a thermal activation process controlled by Cu diffusion.All the materials analysis methods used in this study can be more simple and effective for application in R & D of the Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steels.展开更多
The major phases in the Cu-rich alloys containing Co,Cr and Si are α-Cu(a solid solution of Co,Cr and Si in Cu),χ-phase(Co_5Cr_3Si_2)and Co_2Si.In comparison with reference sample,it has been detected that the cryst...The major phases in the Cu-rich alloys containing Co,Cr and Si are α-Cu(a solid solution of Co,Cr and Si in Cu),χ-phase(Co_5Cr_3Si_2)and Co_2Si.In comparison with reference sample,it has been detected that the crystal structure of Co_5Cr_3Si_2 is cubic,α-Mn type with a=0.8694 nm.The melting temperature of χ-phase and the alloy are higher than that of the pure Cu,namely,1535 and 1389 K respectively.During ageing treatment,the Co_2Si phase precipitates out from α-Cu and χ-phase simultaneously,but the hardening effect is mainly contributed by the precipitation from α-Cu.展开更多
The precipitation characteristics and effect on strengthening mechanism of Cu-rich phases during short-time and long-time aging for Super 304H steels with different Cu content were investigated using X-ray diffraction...The precipitation characteristics and effect on strengthening mechanism of Cu-rich phases during short-time and long-time aging for Super 304H steels with different Cu content were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The results show that the size of Cu-rich phase particles increases, the interspace of Cu-rich phase particles decreases and the density of Curich phases increases with the increase of Cu content during short-time aging （approximately 800 h） at 650℃ for Super 304H steels. During long-time aging （more than 2 000 h） at 650 ℃, Cu-rich phase precipitates sufficiently and the strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase is preferable in Super 304H steel containing Cu of 4%. The strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase in Super 304H steels containing Cu of 2.2% or 5% is weaker than that with Cu of 4% during long-time aging （more than 2 000 h）.展开更多
The crystal structure evolution of the Cu-rich nano precipitates from bcc to 9R during thermal aging was studied in nuclear reactor pressure vessel （RPV） model steels. The specimens, contained higher copper and nick...The crystal structure evolution of the Cu-rich nano precipitates from bcc to 9R during thermal aging was studied in nuclear reactor pressure vessel （RPV） model steels. The specimens, contained higher copper and nickel contents than commercially available one, were heated at 890 ~C for 0.5 h and then water quenched followed by tempering at 0（50 ~C for I0 h and aging at 400 ~C for 1000 h. It was observed that bcc and 9R orthogonal structure, as well as 9R orthogonal and 9R monoclinic structure, coexist in a single Cu-rich nano precipitate. Further analyses pointed out that Cu-rich nano precipitates of bcc structure were not stable, it may preferentially transform to 9R orthogonal structure and then to 9R monoclinic structure. This results showed that the crystal structure evolution of the Cu-rich nano precipitates was complex.展开更多
The Cu-containing austenitic heat-resistant steel 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN, which is being used as superheater and reheater tube material for modern ultra-super-critical （USC） power plants all over the world, has been investig...The Cu-containing austenitic heat-resistant steel 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN, which is being used as superheater and reheater tube material for modern ultra-super-critical （USC） power plants all over the world, has been investigated at 650 ℃ long time aging till 10 000 h. SEM, TEM and 3DAP （three dimensional atom probe） have been used to follow microstructural changes with mechanical property variations. Experimental results show that Cu-rich phase and MX precipitate in the grains as well as M 23 C 6 precipitates at grain boundaries are the main precipitation strengthening phases in this steel. Among them Cu-rich phase is the most important strengthening phase. Homogeneous distribution of very fine nano-size Cu-rich phase has been formed at very early stage of 650 ℃ aging （less than 1 h）. Cu atoms gradually concentrate to Cu-rich particles and the other elements （such as Fe, Cr, Ni etc） diffuse away from Curich particles to γ-matrix with the increasing of aging time at 650 ？ C. The growth rate of Cu-rich phase at 650 ℃ long time aging is very slow and the average diameters of Cu-rich phase have been determined by TEM method. Cu-rich phase keeps in about 30 nm till 650 ℃ aging for 10 000 h. It shows that nano-size Cu-rich phase precipitation strengthening can be kept for long time aging at 650 ℃ because of its excellent stability at high temperatures. According to structure stability study and mechanical properties determination results the Cu-rich phase precipitation sequence and its strengthening mechanism model have been suggested and discussed.展开更多
Atom probe tomography was utilized to investigate Cu precipitation in a high-strength low-alloy steel isothermally aged at 500℃ for 1, 4, 16, and 64 h after water-quenching from 900℃. With prolonged aging time, the ...Atom probe tomography was utilized to investigate Cu precipitation in a high-strength low-alloy steel isothermally aged at 500℃ for 1, 4, 16, and 64 h after water-quenching from 900℃. With prolonged aging time, the Curich precipitates（CRPs） increased in size and decreased in number density, and gradually evolved from spheroidal to elliptical in morphology. The small CRPs were rich in a high amount of Fe and a certain amount of Ni and Mn at their early nucleation stage. The large CRPs with increased size due to extensive aging contained less Fe and more Cu at their later growth stage. Additionally, Ni and Mn were both readily to segregate at the CRP/matrix heterophase interfaces, and Mn was higher in content than Ni in the precipitate interior especially when the CRPs were large in size.展开更多
In this work, a quaternary Ni-Cu-Nb-Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with sphericalcrystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by u...In this work, a quaternary Ni-Cu-Nb-Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with sphericalcrystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by using single-roller melting-spinning method. The microstructure and thermal properties of the as-quenched alloy samples were char-acterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, anddifferential scanning calorimetry. It shows that the spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles are embedded in the amorphousNi-rich matrix. The average size of the Cu-rich particles is strongly dependent upon the Cu content. The effect of the alloycomposition on the behavior of liquid-liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution was discussed. The phaseformation in the Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite was analyzed.展开更多
CoCrNiCux(x=0.16,0.33,0.75,and 1)without macro-segregation medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)was prepared using laser directed energy deposition(LDED).The microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCux alloys with inc...CoCrNiCux(x=0.16,0.33,0.75,and 1)without macro-segregation medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)was prepared using laser directed energy deposition(LDED).The microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCux alloys with increasing Cu content were investigated.The results indicate that a single matrix phase changes into a dual-phase structure and the tensile fracture behaviors convert from brittle to plastic pattern with increasing Cu content in CoCrNiCux alloys.In addition,the tensile strength of CoCrNiCux alloys increased from 148 to 820 MPa,and the ductility increased from 1 to 11%with increasing Cu content.The nano-precipitated particles had a mean size of approximately 20 nm in the Cu-rich phase area,and a large number of neatly arranged misfit dislocations were observed at the interface between the two phases due to Cu-rich phase precipitation in the CoCrNiCu alloy.These misfit dislocations hinder the movement of dislocations during tensile deformation,as observed through transmission electron microscopy.This allows the CoCrNiCu alloy to reach the largest tensile strength and plasticity,and a new strengthening mechanism was achieved for the CoCrNiCu alloy.Moreover,twins were observed in the matrix phase after tensile fracture.Simultaneously,the dual-phase structure with different elastic moduli coordinated with each other during the deformation process,significantly improving the plasticity and strength of the CoCrNiCu alloy.展开更多
The effect of Cu-riched clusters on strength and impact toughness in a tempered Cu-bearing high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel is investigated. With increasing the tempering temperature, it is found that the yield stre...The effect of Cu-riched clusters on strength and impact toughness in a tempered Cu-bearing high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel is investigated. With increasing the tempering temperature, it is found that the yield strength increases firstly, achieving the maximum value(~ 1053 MPa) at the tempering temperature of 450 ℃, and then decreases significantly with the rise of tempering temperature. The tempering temperature-dependent yield strength is closely related to the precipitation of Cu-riched clusters. When tempering at 450 ℃, the peak strength will be reached as the nanoscale Cu-riched clusters with small size and high number density will cause a strong precipitation strengthening(~ 492 MPa) due to the dislocation shearing mechanism. However, the Cu-riched clusters will coarsen with further increasing tempering temperature, resulting in obvious decrement of yield strength owing to the dislocation bypassing mechanism. Compared with the yield strength,the variation in impact energy displays an inverse tendency and the impact energy is only 7 J for the sample tempered at 450 ℃. The fracture mode can be well explained by the competition between the cleavage fracture strength( σ F) and “yield strength”( σ Y). Although transgranular cleavage fracture can be found in samples tempered at 450 and 550 °C, the crack propagation along the lath boundaries is prevented in the sample tempered at 550 ℃. The reason is that the number density of Cu-riched clusters at lath boundaries decreases and the segregation of Mo element at the lath boundaries is induced,which will increase the bonding energy.展开更多
P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However...P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However,the reason that why P450 mRNAs were endorsed as signaling,and what specific motif(s)did they harbored is not clear yet.Here,we first identified 221 CsaP450 genes in cucumber genomewide level.Combining with graft-transmissiblemRNAs datasets in cucumber,we elucidated 15mobile-CsaP450-coding genes,of which 5 and 10 belonged to A-type and non-A type respectively.Compared with Arabidopsis and pumpkin(Cucubit moschata)graft-induced-transmissible P450 mRNAs,a phylogenetic treewas constructed and divided into eight clans by usingmultiple-sequence alignment.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations indicated that the expression patterns of the mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes in different tissues of cucumber was specifically enriched in oxidoreductase activity and secondary metabolic pathways.The structures and motifs of these 15 mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes and their types of regulatory elements told that the proportion of CU-rich motifs was higher than nonmobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes.The integrated analysis of mobility direction and mRNA abundance of 15 mobilemRNA-coding CsaP450 genes allowed to conclude that there was rarely relationship between them.The study provided a new insight into the relationship between the motifs and functional characterization of mobile-mRNA-coding P450 genes of cucumber in genome-wide levels.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Project of China (No.2006BAB01B08)
文摘The Jinchuan deposit is hosted by the olivine-rich ultramafic rock body, which is the thirdlargest magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposit in the world currently being exploited. Seeking new relaying resources in the deep and the border of the deposit becomes more and more important. The ore body, ore and geochemistry characteristics of the concealed Cu-rich ore body are researched. Through spatial analysis and comparison with the neighboring II1 main ore body, the mineralization rule of the concealed Cu-rich ore body is summed up. It is also implied that Cu-rich magma may exist between Nirich magma and ore pulp during liquation differentiation in deep-stage chambers, which derives from deep-mantle Hi-MgO basalt magma. It is concluded that the type of ore body has features of both magmatic liquation and late reconstruction action. It has experienced three stages： deep liquation and pulsatory injection of the Cu- and PPGE-rich magma, concentration of tectonic activation, and the later magma hydrothermal superimposition. In addition, the Pb and S isotopes indicate the magma of I6 concealed Cu-rich ore body originates predominantly from mantle; however, it is interfused by minute crust material. Finally, it is inferred that the genesis of the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit is complex and diverse, and the prospect of seeking new deep ore bodies within similar deposits is promising, especially Cu-rich ore bodies.
文摘Cu precipitation behaviors in two Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steels,type 304 and type 317L,were systematically studied by using relatively simple methods for materials analysis,including micro-hardness,electrical resistivity,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.The results indicated that after aging at elevated temperature,the micro-hardness, electrical resistivity,electrochemical impedance and lattice constant of the steel were all varied at different degrees due to the precipitation and growth of Cu-rich phases.The results also showed that the heat evolution during the process of Cu precipitation could be sensitively detected by means of differential scanning calorimetry,obtainning the starting temperature,peak temperature,peak area of the Cu-rich precipitation,and even the activation energy by calculation.The results confirmed that the Cu-rich phased precipitation in the Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steel should be a thermal activation process controlled by Cu diffusion.All the materials analysis methods used in this study can be more simple and effective for application in R & D of the Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steels.
文摘The major phases in the Cu-rich alloys containing Co,Cr and Si are α-Cu(a solid solution of Co,Cr and Si in Cu),χ-phase(Co_5Cr_3Si_2)and Co_2Si.In comparison with reference sample,it has been detected that the crystal structure of Co_5Cr_3Si_2 is cubic,α-Mn type with a=0.8694 nm.The melting temperature of χ-phase and the alloy are higher than that of the pure Cu,namely,1535 and 1389 K respectively.During ageing treatment,the Co_2Si phase precipitates out from α-Cu and χ-phase simultaneously,but the hardening effect is mainly contributed by the precipitation from α-Cu.
基金Sponsored by National Science and Technology Support Plan of China (2007BAE51B02)
文摘The precipitation characteristics and effect on strengthening mechanism of Cu-rich phases during short-time and long-time aging for Super 304H steels with different Cu content were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The results show that the size of Cu-rich phase particles increases, the interspace of Cu-rich phase particles decreases and the density of Curich phases increases with the increase of Cu content during short-time aging （approximately 800 h） at 650℃ for Super 304H steels. During long-time aging （more than 2 000 h） at 650 ℃, Cu-rich phase precipitates sufficiently and the strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase is preferable in Super 304H steel containing Cu of 4%. The strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase in Super 304H steels containing Cu of 2.2% or 5% is weaker than that with Cu of 4% during long-time aging （more than 2 000 h）.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB610503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50931003)Ministry of Major Subject of Shanghai(No.S30107)
文摘The crystal structure evolution of the Cu-rich nano precipitates from bcc to 9R during thermal aging was studied in nuclear reactor pressure vessel （RPV） model steels. The specimens, contained higher copper and nickel contents than commercially available one, were heated at 890 ~C for 0.5 h and then water quenched followed by tempering at 0（50 ~C for I0 h and aging at 400 ~C for 1000 h. It was observed that bcc and 9R orthogonal structure, as well as 9R orthogonal and 9R monoclinic structure, coexist in a single Cu-rich nano precipitate. Further analyses pointed out that Cu-rich nano precipitates of bcc structure were not stable, it may preferentially transform to 9R orthogonal structure and then to 9R monoclinic structure. This results showed that the crystal structure evolution of the Cu-rich nano precipitates was complex.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50931003)
文摘The Cu-containing austenitic heat-resistant steel 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN, which is being used as superheater and reheater tube material for modern ultra-super-critical （USC） power plants all over the world, has been investigated at 650 ℃ long time aging till 10 000 h. SEM, TEM and 3DAP （three dimensional atom probe） have been used to follow microstructural changes with mechanical property variations. Experimental results show that Cu-rich phase and MX precipitate in the grains as well as M 23 C 6 precipitates at grain boundaries are the main precipitation strengthening phases in this steel. Among them Cu-rich phase is the most important strengthening phase. Homogeneous distribution of very fine nano-size Cu-rich phase has been formed at very early stage of 650 ℃ aging （less than 1 h）. Cu atoms gradually concentrate to Cu-rich particles and the other elements （such as Fe, Cr, Ni etc） diffuse away from Curich particles to γ-matrix with the increasing of aging time at 650 ？ C. The growth rate of Cu-rich phase at 650 ℃ long time aging is very slow and the average diameters of Cu-rich phase have been determined by TEM method. Cu-rich phase keeps in about 30 nm till 650 ℃ aging for 10 000 h. It shows that nano-size Cu-rich phase precipitation strengthening can be kept for long time aging at 650 ℃ because of its excellent stability at high temperatures. According to structure stability study and mechanical properties determination results the Cu-rich phase precipitation sequence and its strengthening mechanism model have been suggested and discussed.
文摘Atom probe tomography was utilized to investigate Cu precipitation in a high-strength low-alloy steel isothermally aged at 500℃ for 1, 4, 16, and 64 h after water-quenching from 900℃. With prolonged aging time, the Curich precipitates（CRPs） increased in size and decreased in number density, and gradually evolved from spheroidal to elliptical in morphology. The small CRPs were rich in a high amount of Fe and a certain amount of Ni and Mn at their early nucleation stage. The large CRPs with increased size due to extensive aging contained less Fe and more Cu at their later growth stage. Additionally, Ni and Mn were both readily to segregate at the CRP/matrix heterophase interfaces, and Mn was higher in content than Ni in the precipitate interior especially when the CRPs were large in size.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51774264,51574216 and 51374194)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2015020172)
文摘In this work, a quaternary Ni-Cu-Nb-Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with sphericalcrystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by using single-roller melting-spinning method. The microstructure and thermal properties of the as-quenched alloy samples were char-acterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, anddifferential scanning calorimetry. It shows that the spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles are embedded in the amorphousNi-rich matrix. The average size of the Cu-rich particles is strongly dependent upon the Cu content. The effect of the alloycomposition on the behavior of liquid-liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution was discussed. The phaseformation in the Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite was analyzed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSAF)joint Fund(Grant No.U2030102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071124)。
文摘CoCrNiCux(x=0.16,0.33,0.75,and 1)without macro-segregation medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)was prepared using laser directed energy deposition(LDED).The microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCux alloys with increasing Cu content were investigated.The results indicate that a single matrix phase changes into a dual-phase structure and the tensile fracture behaviors convert from brittle to plastic pattern with increasing Cu content in CoCrNiCux alloys.In addition,the tensile strength of CoCrNiCux alloys increased from 148 to 820 MPa,and the ductility increased from 1 to 11%with increasing Cu content.The nano-precipitated particles had a mean size of approximately 20 nm in the Cu-rich phase area,and a large number of neatly arranged misfit dislocations were observed at the interface between the two phases due to Cu-rich phase precipitation in the CoCrNiCu alloy.These misfit dislocations hinder the movement of dislocations during tensile deformation,as observed through transmission electron microscopy.This allows the CoCrNiCu alloy to reach the largest tensile strength and plasticity,and a new strengthening mechanism was achieved for the CoCrNiCu alloy.Moreover,twins were observed in the matrix phase after tensile fracture.Simultaneously,the dual-phase structure with different elastic moduli coordinated with each other during the deformation process,significantly improving the plasticity and strength of the CoCrNiCu alloy.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300601)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907143)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDC04000000)the Liaoning Natural Science Foundation(No.2020-MS-008)。
文摘The effect of Cu-riched clusters on strength and impact toughness in a tempered Cu-bearing high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel is investigated. With increasing the tempering temperature, it is found that the yield strength increases firstly, achieving the maximum value(~ 1053 MPa) at the tempering temperature of 450 ℃, and then decreases significantly with the rise of tempering temperature. The tempering temperature-dependent yield strength is closely related to the precipitation of Cu-riched clusters. When tempering at 450 ℃, the peak strength will be reached as the nanoscale Cu-riched clusters with small size and high number density will cause a strong precipitation strengthening(~ 492 MPa) due to the dislocation shearing mechanism. However, the Cu-riched clusters will coarsen with further increasing tempering temperature, resulting in obvious decrement of yield strength owing to the dislocation bypassing mechanism. Compared with the yield strength,the variation in impact energy displays an inverse tendency and the impact energy is only 7 J for the sample tempered at 450 ℃. The fracture mode can be well explained by the competition between the cleavage fracture strength( σ F) and “yield strength”( σ Y). Although transgranular cleavage fracture can be found in samples tempered at 450 and 550 °C, the crack propagation along the lath boundaries is prevented in the sample tempered at 550 ℃. The reason is that the number density of Cu-riched clusters at lath boundaries decreases and the segregation of Mo element at the lath boundaries is induced,which will increase the bonding energy.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001236,51971099)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2020CFB113)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,China(No.P2022-010)。
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFD1000800 and 2019YFD1000300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872158)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CAS-23).
文摘P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However,the reason that why P450 mRNAs were endorsed as signaling,and what specific motif(s)did they harbored is not clear yet.Here,we first identified 221 CsaP450 genes in cucumber genomewide level.Combining with graft-transmissiblemRNAs datasets in cucumber,we elucidated 15mobile-CsaP450-coding genes,of which 5 and 10 belonged to A-type and non-A type respectively.Compared with Arabidopsis and pumpkin(Cucubit moschata)graft-induced-transmissible P450 mRNAs,a phylogenetic treewas constructed and divided into eight clans by usingmultiple-sequence alignment.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations indicated that the expression patterns of the mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes in different tissues of cucumber was specifically enriched in oxidoreductase activity and secondary metabolic pathways.The structures and motifs of these 15 mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes and their types of regulatory elements told that the proportion of CU-rich motifs was higher than nonmobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes.The integrated analysis of mobility direction and mRNA abundance of 15 mobilemRNA-coding CsaP450 genes allowed to conclude that there was rarely relationship between them.The study provided a new insight into the relationship between the motifs and functional characterization of mobile-mRNA-coding P450 genes of cucumber in genome-wide levels.
