Citrus bacterial canker(CBC) is resulted from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri(Xcc) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox homeos...Citrus bacterial canker(CBC) is resulted from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri(Xcc) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis in plants, especially in relation to abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the function of GSTs in resisting CBC remains unclear. Here, citrus glutathione S-transferases were investigated applying a genome-wide approach. In total, 69 CsGSTs belonging to seven classes were identified, and the phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, gene structures and conserved motifs were analyzed. Several CsGSTs responded to Xcc infection, as observed in the upregulation of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 in the CBC-sensitive ‘Wanjincheng' variety but not in the resistant ‘Kumquat' variety. CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 were localized at the cytoplasm. Transient overexpression of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging, whereas the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 caused strong CBC resistance and ROS burst. The present study investigated the characterization of citrus GST gene family, and discovered that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 negatively contributed to CBC through modulating ROS homeostasis. These findings emphasize the significance of GSTs in infection resistance in plants.展开更多
Over-expression of glutathione S-transferase(GST)can promote Cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Hence,inhibiting GST is an attractive strategy to improve Cisplatin sensitivity in HCC therap...Over-expression of glutathione S-transferase(GST)can promote Cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Hence,inhibiting GST is an attractive strategy to improve Cisplatin sensitivity in HCC therapy.Although several synthesized GST inhibitors have been developed,the side effects and narrow spectrum for anticancer seriously limit their clinical application.Considering the abundance of natural compounds with anticancer activity,this study developed a rapid fluorescence technique to screen“green”natural GST inhibitors with high specificity.The fluorescence assay demonstrated that schisanlactone B(hereafter abbreviated as C1)isolated from Xue tong significantly down-regulated GST levels in Cisplatin-resistant HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,C1 can selectively kill HCC cells from normal liver cells,effectively improving the therapeutic effect of Cisplatin on HCC mice by downregulating GST expression.Considering the high GST levels in HCC patients,this compound demonstrated the high potential for sensitizing HCC therapy in clinical practice by down-regulating GST levels.展开更多
Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses...Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.This study aims to identify and reveal the changes in the jujube GST gene family in response to phytoplasma infection.Here,70 ZjGSTs were identified in the jujube genome and divided into 8 classes.Among them,the Tau-class,including 44 genes,was the largest.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tau-class genes were highly conserved among species,such as Arabidopsis,cotton,chickpea,and rice.Through chromosome location analysis,37.1%of genes were clustered,and 8 of 9 gene clusters were composed of Tau class members.Through RT-PCR,qRT-PCR and enzyme activity detection,the results showed that the expression of half(20/40)of the tested ZjGSTs was inhibited by phytoplasma infection in field and tissue culture conditions,and GST activity was also significantly reduced.In the resistant and susceptible varieties under phytoplasma infection,ZjGSTU49-ZjGSTU54 in the cluster IV showed opposite expression patterns,which may be due to functional divergence during evolution.Some upregulated genes(ZjGSTU45,ZjGSTU49,ZjGSTU59,and ZjGSTU70)might be involved in the process of jujube against JWB.The yeast two-hybrid results showed that all 6 Tauclass proteins tested could form homodimers or heterodimers.Overall,the comprehensive analysis of the jujube GST gene family revealed that ZjGSTs responded actively to phytoplasma infection.Furthermore,some screened genes(ZjGSTU24,ZjGSTU49-52,ZjGSTU70,and ZjDHAR10)will contribute to further functional studies of jujube-phytoplasma interactions.展开更多
Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces...Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFD1201600)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1064)+1 种基金Earmarked Funds for the China Agriculture Research System (Grant No.CARS-26)Three-year Action Plan of Xi'an University (Grant No.2021XDJH41)。
文摘Citrus bacterial canker(CBC) is resulted from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri(Xcc) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis in plants, especially in relation to abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the function of GSTs in resisting CBC remains unclear. Here, citrus glutathione S-transferases were investigated applying a genome-wide approach. In total, 69 CsGSTs belonging to seven classes were identified, and the phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, gene structures and conserved motifs were analyzed. Several CsGSTs responded to Xcc infection, as observed in the upregulation of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 in the CBC-sensitive ‘Wanjincheng' variety but not in the resistant ‘Kumquat' variety. CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 were localized at the cytoplasm. Transient overexpression of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging, whereas the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 caused strong CBC resistance and ROS burst. The present study investigated the characterization of citrus GST gene family, and discovered that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 negatively contributed to CBC through modulating ROS homeostasis. These findings emphasize the significance of GSTs in infection resistance in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82003931,82204766 and 81374062)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(Grant No.:20B445)+3 种基金the Hunan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talents Project,China(Grant No.:2021RC3100)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science foundation(Grant No.:2021M690974)Changjiang Scholars Program in Ministry Education,People's Republic of China(Program No.:T2019133)the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Project No.:21B0394).
文摘Over-expression of glutathione S-transferase(GST)can promote Cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Hence,inhibiting GST is an attractive strategy to improve Cisplatin sensitivity in HCC therapy.Although several synthesized GST inhibitors have been developed,the side effects and narrow spectrum for anticancer seriously limit their clinical application.Considering the abundance of natural compounds with anticancer activity,this study developed a rapid fluorescence technique to screen“green”natural GST inhibitors with high specificity.The fluorescence assay demonstrated that schisanlactone B(hereafter abbreviated as C1)isolated from Xue tong significantly down-regulated GST levels in Cisplatin-resistant HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,C1 can selectively kill HCC cells from normal liver cells,effectively improving the therapeutic effect of Cisplatin on HCC mice by downregulating GST expression.Considering the high GST levels in HCC patients,this compound demonstrated the high potential for sensitizing HCC therapy in clinical practice by down-regulating GST levels.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program Project Funding(Grant No.2018YFD1000607)the Foundation for 100 Innovative Talents of Hebei Province(Grant No.SLRC2019031)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772285)the Hebei Province Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates(Grant No.CXZZBS2020097)。
文摘Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.This study aims to identify and reveal the changes in the jujube GST gene family in response to phytoplasma infection.Here,70 ZjGSTs were identified in the jujube genome and divided into 8 classes.Among them,the Tau-class,including 44 genes,was the largest.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tau-class genes were highly conserved among species,such as Arabidopsis,cotton,chickpea,and rice.Through chromosome location analysis,37.1%of genes were clustered,and 8 of 9 gene clusters were composed of Tau class members.Through RT-PCR,qRT-PCR and enzyme activity detection,the results showed that the expression of half(20/40)of the tested ZjGSTs was inhibited by phytoplasma infection in field and tissue culture conditions,and GST activity was also significantly reduced.In the resistant and susceptible varieties under phytoplasma infection,ZjGSTU49-ZjGSTU54 in the cluster IV showed opposite expression patterns,which may be due to functional divergence during evolution.Some upregulated genes(ZjGSTU45,ZjGSTU49,ZjGSTU59,and ZjGSTU70)might be involved in the process of jujube against JWB.The yeast two-hybrid results showed that all 6 Tauclass proteins tested could form homodimers or heterodimers.Overall,the comprehensive analysis of the jujube GST gene family revealed that ZjGSTs responded actively to phytoplasma infection.Furthermore,some screened genes(ZjGSTU24,ZjGSTU49-52,ZjGSTU70,and ZjDHAR10)will contribute to further functional studies of jujube-phytoplasma interactions.
基金This research was funded by grants from the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Putian(2023GJGZ001).
文摘Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.
