The comprehensive characterization of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline is important to optimize the blending process and understand the correlation between aromatics content and engine particulate emissions.How...The comprehensive characterization of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline is important to optimize the blending process and understand the correlation between aromatics content and engine particulate emissions.However,most current analysis methods can only provide the composition of C_(8)/C_(8-) aromatics.In this study,a simple and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method to identify and quantify C_(9+)aromatics in gasoline was developed.A selected ion monitoring model was employed to eliminate interference from non-aromatic compounds in the detection of target compounds,as well as that between target compounds with different molecular formulas.The identification of C_(9+)aromatics was based on the retention time of model compounds,combined with characteristic mass fragment ions,boiling points,and retention indexes.Seventy-nine C_(9)–C_(12)aromatic compounds were quantified based on the calibration of representative model compounds,and the method demonstrated good linearity,and high accuracy and precision.Furthermore,the developed methodology was successfully applied to the analysis of gasoline fractions from the reforming,pyrolysis,straight-run,delayed coking,and catalytic cracking processes,as well as commercial gasolines.The results showed that C_(9)aromatics were the predominant aromatics in all gasoline samples,followed by C10 aromatics.Alkylbenzenes such as C_(9)H_(12)and C_(10)H_(14)were the main components in the reforming,straight-run,delayed coking,and catalytic cracking gasoline fractions,as well as in the commercial gasolines,in which 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 3-ethyltoluene were dominant;in contrast,aromatics with higher degrees of unsaturation such as indene were the most abundant aromatics in the pyrolysis gasoline fraction.展开更多
The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technolo...The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.展开更多
Reactor models were developed to describe the isomerization reaction process of C_(8) aromatics by applying a six-component sequential reaction network.Lab-scale experimental data were used in an axial bed reactor mod...Reactor models were developed to describe the isomerization reaction process of C_(8) aromatics by applying a six-component sequential reaction network.Lab-scale experimental data were used in an axial bed reactor model,and dynamic parameters were fitted by simulated annealing algorithm.In addition,industrial data and calculated dynamic parameters were used to determine the six-component concentration distributions using a radial reactor model.The influence of back-mixing on reaction performance was investigated.It was found that the model considering back-mixing was much closer to the real industrial reaction process.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the research project of Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.(G720007).
文摘The comprehensive characterization of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline is important to optimize the blending process and understand the correlation between aromatics content and engine particulate emissions.However,most current analysis methods can only provide the composition of C_(8)/C_(8-) aromatics.In this study,a simple and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method to identify and quantify C_(9+)aromatics in gasoline was developed.A selected ion monitoring model was employed to eliminate interference from non-aromatic compounds in the detection of target compounds,as well as that between target compounds with different molecular formulas.The identification of C_(9+)aromatics was based on the retention time of model compounds,combined with characteristic mass fragment ions,boiling points,and retention indexes.Seventy-nine C_(9)–C_(12)aromatic compounds were quantified based on the calibration of representative model compounds,and the method demonstrated good linearity,and high accuracy and precision.Furthermore,the developed methodology was successfully applied to the analysis of gasoline fractions from the reforming,pyrolysis,straight-run,delayed coking,and catalytic cracking processes,as well as commercial gasolines.The results showed that C_(9)aromatics were the predominant aromatics in all gasoline samples,followed by C10 aromatics.Alkylbenzenes such as C_(9)H_(12)and C_(10)H_(14)were the main components in the reforming,straight-run,delayed coking,and catalytic cracking gasoline fractions,as well as in the commercial gasolines,in which 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 3-ethyltoluene were dominant;in contrast,aromatics with higher degrees of unsaturation such as indene were the most abundant aromatics in the pyrolysis gasoline fraction.
文摘The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.
文摘Reactor models were developed to describe the isomerization reaction process of C_(8) aromatics by applying a six-component sequential reaction network.Lab-scale experimental data were used in an axial bed reactor model,and dynamic parameters were fitted by simulated annealing algorithm.In addition,industrial data and calculated dynamic parameters were used to determine the six-component concentration distributions using a radial reactor model.The influence of back-mixing on reaction performance was investigated.It was found that the model considering back-mixing was much closer to the real industrial reaction process.
