富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌介导生成次生高铁矿物的影响

为揭示富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化酸性矿山废水(AMD)中的Fe^(2+)和形成次生高铁矿物的影响,分析了pH、Fe^(2+)氧化率、铁沉淀率以及次生高铁矿物矿相、基团等相关指标。结果表明,Ca^(2+)确实具有提高嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^(2+)的能力。低质量浓度(0.2 g/L)的富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性的提高具有促进作用,高质量浓度(0.4 g/L)的富里酸具有抑制作用,而增加Ca^(2+)反过来能够减弱高浓度富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的抑制作用。对形成的次生高铁矿物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果表明高浓度富里酸促进了另一次生高铁矿物草黄铁矾的生成。

外源Ca^(2+)对玉米幼苗镉胁迫的缓解效应

本试验以玉米为研究材料,对玉米幼苗进行一定浓度的镉(20mg/L)胁迫,通过对玉米幼苗施加不同浓度的Ca^(2+)(0、2、5、8mmol/L),研究Ca^(2+)对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗的叶绿素、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和POD活性6个生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:施加外源Ca^(2+)显著增加了镉胁迫下南瓜幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量(P<0.05),而MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量以及POD活性均显著降低(P<0.05),对可溶性蛋白的缓解作用不显著(P>0.05)。其中以5mmol/LCa^(2+)的缓解效果最好。

复合混凝剂中Ca^(2+)对高溶解态磷坑塘水混凝效果的影响

文章以Ca^(2+)改性后的AlCl_(3)和PACl作为混凝剂进行混凝实验,通过出水浊度、余铝、总磷、絮体粒径及有机物组成等分析改性后混凝剂的作用机理,探讨混凝剂中存在的Ca^(2+)对高磷坑塘水混凝效果的影响机制。浊度去除方面,低投加量下Ca^(2+)可明显降低出水浊度。当投加量为0.10 mmol/L时,PACl出水浊度下降了33.52 NTU,AlCl_(3)出水浊度下降了28.72 NTU。余铝去除方面,当AlCl_(3)作混凝剂时,Ca^(2+)可以通过增加混凝剂的电中和能力来降低出水余铝浓度。溶解态磷去除方面,Ca^(2+)与磷酸根反应或通过压缩双电层和吸附电中和作用来增加溶解态磷的去除率。当投加量为0.20 mmol/L时,Ca^(2+)浓度为0.9 mmol/L,PACl溶解态磷去除率较未改性前提高16.1%。絮体粒径方面,Ca^(2+)可以促进颗粒之间脱稳凝聚,增加絮体粒径和分形维数,AlCl_(3)在0.20 mmol/L投加量下絮体粒径增加79μm。并且Ca^(2+)的加入使AlCl_(3)生成的絮体抗剪切能力更强,但是絮体受到破坏后更不容易恢复,使PACl形成絮体强度因子和恢复因子变大。有机物去除方面,Ca^(2+)可以提高有机物的去除率。对于0.20 mmol/L投加量,Ca^(2+)为0.06 mmol/L投加量条件下AlCl_(3)改性后混凝剂荧光响应值由1100降至800。

Hypoglycemic mechanism of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating the PI3K-akt signaling pathwaye

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.

β-细辛醚通过抑制TRPV4的表达缓解谷氨酸诱导的Ca^(2+)超载

谷氨酸处理会导致Ca^(2+)超载,瞬时受体电位香草素受体4(transient receptor potential vanilloid 4,TRPV4)在其中的作用及可能机制尚不清楚。β-细辛醚能快速透过血脑屏障,对兴奋性毒性具有较强的神经保护作用。文章以高分化的PC12细胞为研究对象,探究β-细辛醚(15、30、60μmol/L)预处理4 h,40 mmol/L谷氨酸处理实时记录对PC12细胞Ca^(2+)浓度的影响,采用钙成像技术检测Ca^(2+)浓度的变化;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、Western Blot及免疫荧光技术检测TRPV4的mRNA和蛋白的表达;采用Lipofectiamine 2000脂质体实验转染TRPV4-siRNA和pEX-3-TRPV4,观察沉默和过表达TRPV4对谷氨酸引起Ca^(2+)超载的影响。结果表明:与正常对照组相比,谷氨酸处理5 min可诱导Ca^(2+)超载,显著提高TRPV4的mRNA和蛋白的表达;与模型组相比,β-细辛醚能够剂量依赖性地降低谷氨酸诱导的Ca^(2+)超载和TRPV4的表达;沉默TRPV4抑制细胞Ca^(2+)超载;过表达TRPV4则部分逆转β-细辛醚抑制谷氨酸诱导的Ca^(2+)超载。该研究证明,谷氨酸处理PC12细胞5 min通过上调TRPV4的表达诱导Ca^(2+)超载,β-细辛醚作为TRPV4的拮抗剂,是一种潜在的抑制兴奋性毒性的药物。

miR-361介导PI3K/Akt/Ca^(2+)通路对大鼠肥大细胞增殖情况及组胺与IL-4表达水平的影响

目的:探讨miR-361介导PI3K/AKt/Ca^(2+)通路对活化大鼠肥大细胞增殖情况及组胺与白细胞介素-4(IL-4)表达水平的影响。方法:将大鼠肥大细胞(RBL-2H3细胞)分为miR-361过表达组、miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组和正常对照组,miR-361过表达组、miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组细胞分别转染miR-361过表达、miR-361抑制及miR-361无义序列寡核苷酸片段,测定并比较各组细胞miR-361 mRNA、组胺、IL-4及PI3K/AKt/Ca^(2+)通路相关蛋白水平。结果:miR-361过表达组细胞miR-361 mRNA相对表达水平高于miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组及正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CCK-8法检测结果显示,miR-361过表达组24、48、72 h细胞增值率均低于miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组及正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ELISA法检测结果显示,miR-361过表达组细胞组胺和IL-4水平的表达水平低于miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组及正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Western印迹法检测结果显示,miR-361过表达组细胞p-AKT、AKT、p-PI3K、PI3K蛋白表达水平均高于miR-361抑制组、miR-361对照组及正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:miR-361过表达可抑制大鼠肥大细胞的增殖,降低组胺与IL-4的表达水平,其作用机制可能与其能够提高PI3K/AKt/Ca^(2+)通路活性有关。

氧糖剥夺再灌注对神经元Wnt5a/FZD2/Ca^(2+)通路的影响

目的:探讨氧糖剥夺再灌注(OGD/Rep)后神经元细胞内Wnt5a/FZD2/Ca^(2+)通路的变化。方法:采用OGD/Rep模型构建神经元细胞局部缺血/再灌注损伤,分正常组、再灌注(0、3、6、9、12、24 h)组。免疫荧光鉴定皮层神经元细胞,CCK-8法确定神经元细胞OGD时间,Western blotting检测非经典Wnt/Ca^(2+)信号通路中Wnt5a、FZD2、IP3-R和p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ蛋白的变化,免疫荧光和酶标仪检测细胞内Ca^(2+)和活性氧(ROS)的含量。结果:MAP-2免疫荧光鉴定原代皮层神经元细胞纯度较高。与正常组比较,神经元细胞OGD 3 h后细胞存活率为55.46%;与正常组比较,OGD/Rep后非经典Wnt/Ca^(2+)信号通路相关蛋白Wnt5a(3、6、9、12、24 h)、FZD2(3、6、9 h)、IP3-R(6、9、12、24 h)和p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ(6 h)的相对表达量上调(P<0.05~P<0.01);与正常组比较,OGD/Rep后神经细胞内Ca^(2+)和ROS的表达量均升高(P<0.01)。结论:神经元细胞OGD/Rep能激活Wnt5a/FZD2/Ca^(2+)信号通路。

Ca^(2+)对茅苍术丛生芽诱导及生理特征的影响

为提高茅苍术组培苗品质,以信阳野生茅苍术种子获取的初代无菌试管苗为试材,采用植物组织培养试验方法,研究不同浓度Ca^(2+)对茅苍术丛生芽诱导及生理特征的影响。结果表明:Ca^(2+)浓度为1.50 mmol/L时茅苍术丛生芽增殖数最高,为16.36个;Ca^(2+)浓度为3.00 mmol/L时丛生芽总干重最高,为0.37 g;Ca^(2+)浓度为6.00 mmol/L时丛生芽总鲜重、单芽平均叶片数最高,分别为3.19 g、5.44个;Ca^(2+)浓度为12.00 mmol/L时茅苍术丛生芽的株高最高,为493.95 mm;Ca^(2+)浓度为24.00 mmol/L时叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素总量和丛生芽SOD总活性最高,分别为1.54 mg/g、0.40 mg/g、0.36 mg/g、1.94 mg/g和329.36 U/g。在茅苍术组织培养过程中可根据不同需求选择相应的Ca^(2+)浓度。

Reduction of the oxidative damage to H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells via the Nrf2 signalling pathway by plant flavonoids Quercetin and Hyperoside

Hyperoside and quercetin are similar in molecular structures.In this study,the antioxidant regulatory targets of hyperoside and quercetin are mainly in the nuclear factor(erythroid-2-derived)-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway predicted by network pharmacology.And the antioxidant effect and mechanism of hyperoside and quercetin were measured and compared in H_(2)O_(2)-induced Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans.The findings indicated that quercetin was more effective than hyperoside in reducing oxidative damage,which was proved by improved cell viability,decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,decreased cellular apoptosis,and alleviated mitochondrial damage.In addition,quercetin was more efficient than hyperoside in enhancing the expression of Nrf2-associated m RNAs,increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT),and reducing the cellular malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Quercetin was superior to hyperoside in prolonging the lifespan of worms,decreasing the accumulation of lipofuscin,inhibiting ROS production,and increasing the proportion of skn-1 in the nucleus.With the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385,we verified that quercetin and hyperoside primarily protected the cells against oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signalling pathway.Furthermore,molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated that the quercetin-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)complex was more stable than the hyperoside-Keap1 complex.The stable structure of the complex might hinder the binding of Nrf2 and Keap1 to release Nrf2 and facilitate its entry into the nucleus to play an antioxidant role.Overall,quercetin had a better antioxidant than hyperoside.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Naringin ameliorates H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in cells and prolongs the lifespan of female Drosophila melanogaster via the insulin signaling pathway

Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.

Oleuropein alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling

Objective:To explore the effect of oleuropein on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in vitro and in vivo and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods:In an lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-mediated cell model of sepsis-induced ALI and a cecal ligation and puncture-induced mouse model of septic ALI,CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell activity and apoptosis.ELISA and relevant assay kits were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress,respectively.Western blot was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis-and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2(Nrf-2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling-associated proteins.JC-1 staining,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)assay kit,and MitoSOX Red assays were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP content,and mitochondrial ROS formation,respectively.Moreover,lung injury was evaluated by measuring lung morphological alternations,lung wet-to-dry ratio,myeloperoxidase content,and total protein concentration.Results:Oleuropein reduced inflammatory reaction,oxidative damage,and apoptosis,and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS-exposed BEAS-2B cells and mice with septic ALI.Besides,oleuropein activated the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.However,these effects of oleuropein were abrogated by an AMPK inhibitor compound C.Conclusions:Oleuropein can protect against sepsis-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo by activating the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling,which might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

Mechanism of Yanghe Pingchaun granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats based on IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yanghe Pingchuan Granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and to explore the mechanism of Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/ Signal transducing activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) signal axis. Methods: We separated 42 healthy male SD rats into two groups, a control group (7) and a model group (35).The model group was sensitized with a combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide for 2 weeks, while the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline.After 2 weeks, the modeling group was randomly divided into Model group, Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, medium and low dose groups and Dexamethasone group, each group consisted of 7 animals. After 4 weeks, OVA atomization and gavage were used for stimulation and treatment. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, middle and low groups were given 15.48, 7.74, 3.87 g∙kg-1 Yanghe Pingchuan Granules daily, dexamethasone group was given 0.0625 mg∙kg-1 dexamethasone daily, and the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the lung histopathological changes in rats. The levels of interleukin-6, IL-23 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in rat lung tissue. Results: The lung tissue structure of the model group was severely damaged compared to the control group, accompanied by a great many of inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were more obvious. The expressions of IL-6, IL- 23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were significantly reduced in each administration group, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yanghe Pingchuan Granules can significantly alleviate airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signal axis.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

Comparative study of anti-inflammatory effects of different processed products through the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway: based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata(Fu-zi)is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has been widely used in the clinic and has potent anti-inflammatory activities.we aimed to explore the mechanisms of extract containing alkaloids from different Fu-zi Processed Products(FPP)in treating inflammation,especially rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Firstly,using network pharmacology technology,the ingredients,and targets of Fu-zi were obtained by searching and screening,the targets involving RA were acquired,the intersection targets were constructed a"component-target-pathway"network.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms of 5 FPPs in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 cells,which serve as a model for RA.The production of NO and inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit.Quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was utilized to measure the mRNA levels.COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway-associated proteins were determined by western blot.Results:According to a network pharmacological study,16 chemical components and 43 common targets were found in Fu-zi and 6 key targets including PTGS2 were closely related to the mechanism of Fu-zi in treating RA.The in vitro study revealed that the levels of NO,TNF-α,and IL-1βwere substantially decreased by the 5 FPPs.The 5 FPPs significantly suppressed the expression of proteins COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB,with particularly notable effects observed for PFZ and XFZ.Conclusion:Altogether,these results demonstrated that the 5 PPS containing alkaloids have a good anti-RA-related inflammatory effect,and the mechanism may be related to COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway,particularly,Fu-zi prepared utilizing a traditional Chinese technique.

基于Ca^(2+)-CaMKⅡ信号通路的济川煎治疗阳虚便秘的作用及分子机制

目的基于Ca^(2+)-CaMKⅡ通路观察济川煎对阳虚便秘大鼠的治疗作用及分子机制。方法采用白醋+活性炭冰水联合复方地芬诺酯片复制阳虚便秘大鼠模型。将模型成功大鼠随机分为5组,即模型组、莫沙必利组(1.88 mg·kg^(-1))、济川煎高(8.26 g·kg^(-1))、中(4.31 g·kg^(-1))、低(2.16 g·kg^(-1))剂量组,灌胃给药每日1次,连续7 d。末次给药,记录大鼠状态并评分,进行排便功能测定;分离模型大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞并鉴定,FCM检测结肠平滑肌细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度变化;采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中cAMP、cGMP含量及其比值;采用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞CaM、CaMKⅡ亚型的表达情况。结果济川煎可明显缓解模型大鼠腹胀,摄食、饮水量、排便减少及体质量降低的症状(P<0.05),评分明显升高(P<0.01);能明显缩短首粒排便时间(P<0.01),增加排便粒数(P<0.05);济川煎还可明显增加模型大鼠血清中cAMP含量(P<0.05),减少cGMP含量(P<0.01),cAMP/cGMP比值明显增加(P<0.01);明显降低大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度(P<0.01);PCR及Western blot检测结果显示,济川煎可明显降低CaM及CaMKⅡβ、γ、δ亚型蛋白表达(P<0.01)。结论济川煎对阳虚便秘具有明显的治疗作用,可能与其调节Ca^(2+)-CaMKⅡ信号通路有关。

苜蓿体内H_(2)S信号与Ca^(2+)调节气孔运动的作用机制

为探究H_(2)S信号在苜蓿(Medicago sativa)体内调节气孔运动的作用,及在此过程中H_(2)S与Ca^(2+)的关系,以蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)的野生型和钙离子转运体突变体为试验材料,分别从转录水平、细胞水平和生理水平开展研究。采用qRT-PCR比较相关基因的表达量变化、荧光探针显示体内Ca^(2+)含量、电极法测定H_(2)S含量、光学显微镜观察和测量气孔孔径等。结果表明:蒺藜苜蓿突变体NF3011和NF2734体内H_(2)S的含量与野生型相比极显著降低(P<0.01);H_(2)S信号在一定程度上抑制钙离子转运体编码基因MTR_6g027580的表达;外源生理浓度H_(2)S熏蒸可诱导蒺藜苜蓿气孔关闭,与Ca^(2+)通道阻断剂LaCl_(3)联合处理对野生型气孔运动未产生影响,而在突变体中的结果截然相反;利用荧光探针测定保卫细胞内的Ca^(2+)含量,所得结果与气孔孔径的变化规律完全一致。综上所述,H_(2)S信号促进叶片保卫细胞内Ca^(2+)的含量增加,最终表现为植物气孔孔径变小,在此过程中胞内Ca^(2+)含量变化主要通过Ca^(2+)转运体进行,少部分依赖Ca^(2+)离子通道。该研究结果不仅在理论上丰富了H_(2)S信号的作用机制,更具应用于苜蓿生产实践并推广于其他作物的潜力。

干姜吴茱萸水煎液对大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞L型Ca^(2+)通道的影响

目的:探讨干姜吴茱萸水煎液对大鼠结肠平滑肌收缩及平滑肌细胞L型Ca^(2+)通道的影响机制。方法:采用0、0.01、0.1、1、10 g/L干姜吴茱萸(1∶1)水煎液依次作用于正常结肠平滑肌,10 g/L水煎液及L型Ca^(2+)通道激动剂BAY-K-8644依次作用于氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)诱导后的正常平滑肌,检测平滑肌收缩张力、频率和振幅;全细胞膜片钳记录L型钙电流;Western blot检测各组细胞中L-型电压依赖钙离子通道α1C亚基(α1c)和钙调蛋白(CaM)蛋白表达情况。结果:1、10 g/L水煎液组能显著降低离体结肠平滑肌的收缩张力(P<0.05),对频率及振幅并无显著影响(P>0.05);与0 g/L水煎液组相比,Ach促进平滑肌收缩张力、频率和振幅显著增加(P<0.05);与Ach组相比,10 g/L水煎液显著降低平滑肌的收缩张力、频率和振幅(P<0.05);与10 g/L水煎液组相比,BAY-K-8644显著增加平滑肌的收缩张力、频率和振幅(P<0.05);与0 g/L水煎液组相比,Ach可显著增加ICa-L峰值电流密度(P<0.05);与Ach组相比,10 g/L水煎液显著降低ICa-L峰值电流密度(P<0.05);与10 g/L水煎液组相比,BAY-K-8644可显著增加ICa-L峰值电流密度(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Ach组结肠平滑肌细胞Ca^(2+)相对荧光强度峰值、α1c、CaM表达显著增加(P<0.05);Ach组相比,10 g/L组Ca^(2+)相对荧光强度峰值、α1c和CaM表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与10 g/L组相比,BAYK-8644组Ca^(2+)相对荧光强度峰值、α1c、CaM表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:干姜吴茱萸水煎液可抑制大鼠结肠平滑肌收缩,并阻滞L型Ca^(2+)通道。

Ca^(2+)对3Cr钢在CO_(2)环境中腐蚀行为的影响

随着油气开发进入到高含水期,高Ca^(2+)、高Cl-的地层水环境对管柱的安全服役提出了更高的要求。采用高温高压釜模拟井下流态环境,结合电化学研究结果,分析了Ca^(2+)浓度和暴露时间对3Cr钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:尽管Ca^(2+)的存在会促使溶液酸化,但3Cr钢在含Ca^(2+)溶液中的腐蚀速率更多取决于试样表面的膜层质量。当溶液中总Cl-浓度为128000 mg/L,Ca^(2+)浓度在0~3600 mg/L的范围内时,3Cr钢在Ca^(2+)浓度为1080 mg/L时平均失重速率最大,为2.2 mm/a。在Ca^(2+)含量为180 mg/L的环境中,3Cr钢的失重速率曲线显示3Cr钢的失重速率随时间呈反“V”变化趋势,当腐蚀时间为240 h时,试样的平均失重速率达到最大值。当将3Cr钢放入通入CO_(2)的含有Ca^(2+)的溶液中时,3Cr钢表面形成Fe_(x)Ca_(1-x)CO_(3)化合物,Fe/Ca之间并无严格的比例,产物形态取决于溶液中的Ca^(2+)含量。