Intracellular cAMP and Ca^2+ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone (LH) and human ehorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the i...Intracellular cAMP and Ca^2+ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone (LH) and human ehorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the identification of Ca^2+ entry implicated in Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not well defined. The objective of this study was to identify the type of Ca^2+ channel that affects Leydig cell steroidogenesis. In vitro steroidogenesis in the freshly dissociated Leydig cells of mice was induced by hCG incubation. The effects of mibefradil (a putative T-type Ca^2+ channel blocker) on steroidogenesis were assessed using reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA expression and testosterone production using radioimmunoassay. In the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 extracellular Ca^2+, hCG at 1 to 100 IU noticeably elevated both StAR mRNA level and testosterone secretion (P 〈 0.05), and the stimulatory effects of hCG were markedly diminished by mibefradil in a dose-dependent manner (P 〈 0.05). Moreover; the hCG-induced increase in testosterone production was completely removed when external Ca^2+ was omitted, implying that Ca entry is needed for hCG-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, a patch-clamp study revealed the presence of mibefradil-sensitive Ca^24- currents seen at a concentration range that nearly paralleled those inhibiting steroidogenesis. Collectively, Our data provide evidence that hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated at least in part by Ca^2+ entry carried out by the T-type Ca^2+ channel in the Leydig cells of mice.展开更多
Inhibitors are important for flotation separation of quartz and feldspar.In this study,a novel combined inhibitor was used to separate quartz and feldspar in near-neutral pulp.Selective inhibition of the combined inhi...Inhibitors are important for flotation separation of quartz and feldspar.In this study,a novel combined inhibitor was used to separate quartz and feldspar in near-neutral pulp.Selective inhibition of the combined inhibitor was assessed by micro-flotation experiments.And a series of detection methods were used to detect differences in the surface properties of feldspars and quartz after flotation reagents and put forward the synergistic strengthening mechanism.The outcomes were pointed out that pre-mixing combined inhibitors were more effective than the addition of Ca^(2+)and SS in sequence under the optimal proportion of 1:5.A concentrate from artificial mixed minerals that was characterized by a high quartz grade and a high recovery was acquired,and was found to be 90.70wt% and 83.70%,respectively.It was demonstrated that the combined inhibitor selectively prevented the action of the collector and feldspar from Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)and adsorption capacity tests.The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicated that Ca^(2+)directly interacts with the surface of quartz to increase the adsorption of collectors.In contrast,the chemistry property of Al on the feldspar surface was altered by combined inhibitor due to Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)taking the place of K^(+),resulting in the composite inhibitor forms a hydrophilic structure,which prevents the adsorption of the collector on the surface of feldspar by interacting with the Al active site.The combination of Ca^(2+)and SS synergically strengthens the difference of collecting property between quartz and feldspar by collector,thus achieving the effect of efficient separation.A new strategy for flotation to separate quartz from feldspar in near-neutral pulp was provided.展开更多
CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can...CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can also cause severe CO_(2) gas channeling problems.Therefore,anti-gas channeling is a necessary measure to improve the effect of CO_(2) flooding.The kind of anti-gas channeling refers to the plugging of fractures in the deep formation to prevent CO_(2) gas channeling,which is different from the wellbore leakage.Polymer microspheres have the characteristics of controllable deep plugging,which can achieve the profile control of low-permeability fractured reservoirs.In acidic environments with supercritical CO_(2),traditional polymer microspheres have poor expandability and plugging properties.Based on previous work,a systematic evaluation of the expansion performance,dispersion rheological properties,stability,deep migration,anti-CO_(2) channeling and enhanced oil recovery ability of a novel acid-resistant polymer microsphere(DCNPM-A)was carried out under CQ oilifield conditions(salinity of85,000 mg/L,80℃,pH=3).The results show that the DCNPM-A microsphere had a better expansion performance than the traditional microsphere,with a swelling rate of 13.5.The microsphere dispersion with a concentration of 0.1%-0.5%had the advantages of low viscosity,high dispersion and good injectability in the low permeability fractured core.In the acidic environment of supercritical CO_(2),DCNPM-A microspheres showed excellent stability and could maintain strength for over 60 d with less loss.In core experiments,DCNPM-A microspheres exhibited delayed swelling characteristics and could effectively plug deep formations.With a plugging rate of 95%,the subsequent enhanced oil recovery of CO_(2) flooding could reach 21.03%.The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for anti-CO_(2)channeling and enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability fractured reservoirs.展开更多
In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomin...In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various CO_(2) plugging technologies,this paper focuses on the feasibility of improving conventional water-alternating gas(WAG)through CO_(2)-responsive gel materials.Based on the different chemical reaction mechanisms between the unique chemical structure and CO_(2),changes in the material’s physical and chemical properties can respond to CO_(2).The feasibility of utilizing these property changes for CO_(2)-responsive plugging is explored.Various CO_(2)-responsive gels and gel nanoparticles have been extensively researched in different fields,such as energy,medicine,and biology.This paper surveys the molecular structures,chemical compositions,response mechanisms,and changes of these CO_(2)-responsive gels,aiming to draw insights into the carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)field.Finally,the key issues and future development direction of CO_(2)-responsive plugging gels were analyzed.展开更多
An integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)scheme for a millimeter wave(mmWave)multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)system is presented,in...An integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)scheme for a millimeter wave(mmWave)multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)system is presented,in which both the access point(AP)and the vehicle are equipped with large antenna arrays and employ hybrid analog and digital beamforming structures to compensate the path loss,meanwhile compromise between hardware complexity and system performance.Based on the sparse scattering nature of the mmWave channel,the received signal at the AP is organized to a four-order tensor by the introduced novel frame structure.A CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP)decomposition-based method is proposed for time-varying channel parameter extraction,including angles of departure/arrival(AoDs/AoAs),Doppler shift,time delay and path gain.Then leveraging the estimates of channel parameters,a nonlinear weighted least-square problem is proposed to recover the location accurately,heading and velocity of vehicles.Simulation results show that the proposed methods are effective and efficient in time-varying channel estimation and vehicle sensing in mmWave MIMOOFDM V2I systems.展开更多
文摘Intracellular cAMP and Ca^2+ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone (LH) and human ehorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the identification of Ca^2+ entry implicated in Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not well defined. The objective of this study was to identify the type of Ca^2+ channel that affects Leydig cell steroidogenesis. In vitro steroidogenesis in the freshly dissociated Leydig cells of mice was induced by hCG incubation. The effects of mibefradil (a putative T-type Ca^2+ channel blocker) on steroidogenesis were assessed using reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA expression and testosterone production using radioimmunoassay. In the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 extracellular Ca^2+, hCG at 1 to 100 IU noticeably elevated both StAR mRNA level and testosterone secretion (P 〈 0.05), and the stimulatory effects of hCG were markedly diminished by mibefradil in a dose-dependent manner (P 〈 0.05). Moreover; the hCG-induced increase in testosterone production was completely removed when external Ca^2+ was omitted, implying that Ca entry is needed for hCG-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, a patch-clamp study revealed the presence of mibefradil-sensitive Ca^24- currents seen at a concentration range that nearly paralleled those inhibiting steroidogenesis. Collectively, Our data provide evidence that hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated at least in part by Ca^2+ entry carried out by the T-type Ca^2+ channel in the Leydig cells of mice.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1903403)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Inhibitors are important for flotation separation of quartz and feldspar.In this study,a novel combined inhibitor was used to separate quartz and feldspar in near-neutral pulp.Selective inhibition of the combined inhibitor was assessed by micro-flotation experiments.And a series of detection methods were used to detect differences in the surface properties of feldspars and quartz after flotation reagents and put forward the synergistic strengthening mechanism.The outcomes were pointed out that pre-mixing combined inhibitors were more effective than the addition of Ca^(2+)and SS in sequence under the optimal proportion of 1:5.A concentrate from artificial mixed minerals that was characterized by a high quartz grade and a high recovery was acquired,and was found to be 90.70wt% and 83.70%,respectively.It was demonstrated that the combined inhibitor selectively prevented the action of the collector and feldspar from Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)and adsorption capacity tests.The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicated that Ca^(2+)directly interacts with the surface of quartz to increase the adsorption of collectors.In contrast,the chemistry property of Al on the feldspar surface was altered by combined inhibitor due to Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)taking the place of K^(+),resulting in the composite inhibitor forms a hydrophilic structure,which prevents the adsorption of the collector on the surface of feldspar by interacting with the Al active site.The combination of Ca^(2+)and SS synergically strengthens the difference of collecting property between quartz and feldspar by collector,thus achieving the effect of efficient separation.A new strategy for flotation to separate quartz from feldspar in near-neutral pulp was provided.
基金supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum (East China) (SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130401)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52104055,52250410349)Major Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation Limited (2021ZZ01-08)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (ZR2021ME171)。
文摘CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can also cause severe CO_(2) gas channeling problems.Therefore,anti-gas channeling is a necessary measure to improve the effect of CO_(2) flooding.The kind of anti-gas channeling refers to the plugging of fractures in the deep formation to prevent CO_(2) gas channeling,which is different from the wellbore leakage.Polymer microspheres have the characteristics of controllable deep plugging,which can achieve the profile control of low-permeability fractured reservoirs.In acidic environments with supercritical CO_(2),traditional polymer microspheres have poor expandability and plugging properties.Based on previous work,a systematic evaluation of the expansion performance,dispersion rheological properties,stability,deep migration,anti-CO_(2) channeling and enhanced oil recovery ability of a novel acid-resistant polymer microsphere(DCNPM-A)was carried out under CQ oilifield conditions(salinity of85,000 mg/L,80℃,pH=3).The results show that the DCNPM-A microsphere had a better expansion performance than the traditional microsphere,with a swelling rate of 13.5.The microsphere dispersion with a concentration of 0.1%-0.5%had the advantages of low viscosity,high dispersion and good injectability in the low permeability fractured core.In the acidic environment of supercritical CO_(2),DCNPM-A microspheres showed excellent stability and could maintain strength for over 60 d with less loss.In core experiments,DCNPM-A microspheres exhibited delayed swelling characteristics and could effectively plug deep formations.With a plugging rate of 95%,the subsequent enhanced oil recovery of CO_(2) flooding could reach 21.03%.The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for anti-CO_(2)channeling and enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability fractured reservoirs.
基金Supported by the Open Fund Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering(YQZC202105)Yangtze University Student Innovation Program(Yz2022018).
文摘In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various CO_(2) plugging technologies,this paper focuses on the feasibility of improving conventional water-alternating gas(WAG)through CO_(2)-responsive gel materials.Based on the different chemical reaction mechanisms between the unique chemical structure and CO_(2),changes in the material’s physical and chemical properties can respond to CO_(2).The feasibility of utilizing these property changes for CO_(2)-responsive plugging is explored.Various CO_(2)-responsive gels and gel nanoparticles have been extensively researched in different fields,such as energy,medicine,and biology.This paper surveys the molecular structures,chemical compositions,response mechanisms,and changes of these CO_(2)-responsive gels,aiming to draw insights into the carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)field.Finally,the key issues and future development direction of CO_(2)-responsive plugging gels were analyzed.
文摘An integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)scheme for a millimeter wave(mmWave)multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)system is presented,in which both the access point(AP)and the vehicle are equipped with large antenna arrays and employ hybrid analog and digital beamforming structures to compensate the path loss,meanwhile compromise between hardware complexity and system performance.Based on the sparse scattering nature of the mmWave channel,the received signal at the AP is organized to a four-order tensor by the introduced novel frame structure.A CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP)decomposition-based method is proposed for time-varying channel parameter extraction,including angles of departure/arrival(AoDs/AoAs),Doppler shift,time delay and path gain.Then leveraging the estimates of channel parameters,a nonlinear weighted least-square problem is proposed to recover the location accurately,heading and velocity of vehicles.Simulation results show that the proposed methods are effective and efficient in time-varying channel estimation and vehicle sensing in mmWave MIMOOFDM V2I systems.