The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pre...The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.展开更多
This paper provides a systematic evaluation of the ability of 12 Earth System Models(ESMs)participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)to simulate the spatial inhomogeneity of the atmospher...This paper provides a systematic evaluation of the ability of 12 Earth System Models(ESMs)participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)to simulate the spatial inhomogeneity of the atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration.The multi-model ensemble mean(MME)can reasonably simulate the increasing trend of CO_(2) concentration from 1850 to 2014,compared with the observation data from the Scripps CO_(2) Program and CMIP6 prescribed data,and improves upon the CMIP5 MME CO_(2) concentration(which is overestimated after 1950).The growth rate of CO_(2) concentration in the northern hemisphere(NH)is higher than that in the southern hemisphere(SH),with the highest growth rate in the mid-latitudes of the NH.The MME can also reasonably simulate the seasonal amplitude of CO_(2) concentration,which is larger in the NH than in the SH and grows in amplitude after the 1950s(especially in the NH).Although the results of the MME are reasonable,there is a large spread among ESMs,and the difference between the ESMs increases with time.The MME results show that regions with relatively large CO_(2) concentrations(such as northern Russia,eastern China,Southeast Asia,the eastern United States,northern South America,and southern Africa)have greater seasonal variability and also exhibit a larger inter-model spread.Compared with CMIP5,the CMIP6 MME simulates an average spatial distribution of CO_(2) concentration that is much closer to the site observations,but the CMIP6-inter-model spread is larger.The inter-model differences of the annual means and seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration are both attributed to the differences in natural sources and sinks of CO_(2) between the simulations.展开更多
To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2+ concentration ([Ca^2+ ]i ) and calcium-activated chloride (Clca) channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats under acute a...To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2+ concentration ([Ca^2+ ]i ) and calcium-activated chloride (Clca) channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca^2+ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca^2+ ]i of rat PASMCs under normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The effect of Clca channels on PASMCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The Clca channel blockers niflumic acid (NFA) and indaryloxyacetic acid (IAA-94) exerted inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in the pulmonary artery. Under chronic hypoxic condition, [Ca^2+ ]i was increased. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2+ If was (123.634-18.98) nmol/ L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca^2+]i wag (281. 754-16.48) nmol/L (P〈0. 01). Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2+ ]i showed no significant change and no effect on Clca channels was observed (P〉 0. 05). Chronic hypoxia increased [Ca^2+ ]i which opened Clca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked the channels and decreased [Ca^2+ ]i from (281.75± 16.48) nmot/L to (117.66 ±15.36) nmol/L (P〈0.01). MTT assay showed that under chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbency (A value) from 0. 459±0. 058 to 0. 224±0. 025 (P〈0. 01). Hypoxia increased [Ca^2+ ]i which opened Cl~ channels and had a positive-feedback in [Ca^2+ ]i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Under chronic hypoxic condition, Clca channel may play a part in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs.展开更多
Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i),and where the origi...Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i),and where the origin of Ca 2+ mobilization is if that has occurred.Methods Pituitary cells in primary culture were prepared from male Wister rats(250g) by a conventional method and cultured in MEM supplemented with 4% normal rat serum.After 2 days in culutre,cells were loaded with 1 μmol/L fura PE3/AM for 1 h and subjected to a Ca 2+ imaging experiment with Quanti Cell 700 system.Excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm were selected by means of a computer controlled filterwheel.Results The [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC in the rat anterior pituitary was elevated by Ang Ⅱ.The elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC induced by 0.1,1.0,10 and 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was (56.33±6.18)( ±s ),(117.07±36.07),(175.59±40.01) and (216.02±11.52) nmol/L,respectively.The increase of [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC induced by 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was not influenced by the medium without Ca 2+ (0Ca),but significantly suppressed by thapsigargin(TG),an inhibitor of ATPase.The rate of responsive FSC to Ang Ⅱ (100 nmol/L) was 61.84% which was obviously higher than that of pituitary endocrine cells(43.49%).Conclusion The present experiment demonstrates that the FSC in the rat anterior pituitary responds to Ang Ⅱ by increasing [Ca 2+ ]i,which raises the possibility that Ang Ⅱ released from either lactotrophs or gonadotrophs affects FSC through paracrine mechanism.The elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i induced by Ang Ⅱ presents a dosage dependent relation, and is possibly because of the release of Ca 2+ from an intracellular Ca 2+ pool(s).Fashions of Ca 2+ release are relative to the concentration of Ang Ⅱ.The results indicate that Ang Ⅱ functions as a paracrine factor among pituitary cells including FSC.展开更多
Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the acute effects of ethanol (EtOH) on penile tissue are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the eff...Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the acute effects of ethanol (EtOH) on penile tissue are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the effects of EtOH on corporal tissue tonicity, as well as the intracellular Ca^2+ concentration ([Ca^2+]i) and potassium channel activity of corporal smooth muscle. Strips of corpus cavernosum (CC) from rabbits were mounted in organ baths for isometric tension studies. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied to strips precontracted with 10 μmol L^-1 phenylephrine as a control. EtOH was then added to the organ bath and incubated before EFS. The [Ca^2+]i levels were monitored by the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence intensities using the fura-2 loading method. Single-channel and whole-cell currents were recorded by the conventional patch-clamp technique in short-term cultured smooth muscle cells from human CC tissue. The corpus cavernosal relaxant response of EFS was decreased in proportion to the concentration of EtOH. EtOH induced a sustained increase in [Ca^2+]i in a dose-dependent manner, Extracellular application of EtOH significantly increased whole-cell K^+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner (P 〈 0.05). EtOH also increased the open probability in cell-attached patches; however, in inside-out patches, the application of EtOH to the intracellular aspect of the patches induced slight inhibition of Ca^2+-activated potassium channel (KCa) activity. EtOH caused a dose-dependent increase in cavemosal tension by alterations to [Ca^2+]i. Although EtOH did not affect KCa channels directly, it increased the channel activity by increasing [Ca^2+]i. The increased corpus cavemosal tone caused by EtOH might be one of the mechanisms of ED after heavy drinking.展开更多
Objective To study on the mechanism of growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect of total alkaloid in the CSEO(Capparis spinosa L.essential oil,CSEO)on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2.Methods The growth i...Objective To study on the mechanism of growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect of total alkaloid in the CSEO(Capparis spinosa L.essential oil,CSEO)on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2.Methods The growth inhibiting effect of the CSEO on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 was measured by MTT method.Morphological observation of the HepG-2 cells was completed by fluorescence microscope.The changing of mitochondrion membrane potential induced by CSEO was observed by staining with Rhodamine123.Effect of the CSEO on intracellular Ca2+ level of the HepG-2 cells was measured by laser confocal microscope.Results The CESO has obvious growth inhibiting effect on the HepG-2 and seems to be dose-dependent,and its IC50 is 127.5 μg·mL-1.The characteristic apoptosis morpha of HepG-2 cells has been observed,and the apoptosis percentage increase to 44.447% in the 300 μg·mL-1 dosage group.In addition,the progress of cells cycle of G1 period has been blocked,and the cellular proportion in S and G2 period is decreased in the 75 μg·mL-1 and 150 μg·mL-1 dosage groups by the function of CSEO for 48 h.The mitochondria membrane potential(Δψm)effected by CESO is decreased,while the curve moves toward left.In addition,the intracellular Ca2+ level is increased by the function of CESO in the middle and high dose groups.Conclusions The CESO has obviously growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 by the mechanism of decreasing the mitochondria membrane potential and increasing the intracellular Ca2+ level.展开更多
In this study, a novel approach to measure the absolute cytoplasmic Caconcentration([Ca]cyt) using the Caindicator fluo-3 AM was established. The parameters associated with the probe fluo-3 AM were optimized to accura...In this study, a novel approach to measure the absolute cytoplasmic Caconcentration([Ca]cyt) using the Caindicator fluo-3 AM was established. The parameters associated with the probe fluo-3 AM were optimized to accurately determine fluorescence intensity from the Ca-bound probe. Using three optimized parameters(final concentration of 6 m M probe,incubation time of 135 min, loading probe before plasma treatment), the maximum fluorescence intensity(F?=?527.8 a.u.) and the minimum fluorescence intensity(F?=?63.8 a.u.) were obtained in a saturated Casolution or a solution of lacking Ca. Correspondingly, the maximum [Ca]cytinduced by cold plasma was 1232.5 n M. Therefore, the Caindicator fluo-3 AM was successfully applied to measure the absolute [Ca]cytin Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated by cold plasma at atmospheric air pressure.展开更多
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (22208355, 22178363 and 21978300)the financial support and mica samples from Changzi Wu and RIKA technology CO., LTD.
文摘The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230608)the UK-China Research&Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership(CSSP)China as part of the Newton Fund.
文摘This paper provides a systematic evaluation of the ability of 12 Earth System Models(ESMs)participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)to simulate the spatial inhomogeneity of the atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration.The multi-model ensemble mean(MME)can reasonably simulate the increasing trend of CO_(2) concentration from 1850 to 2014,compared with the observation data from the Scripps CO_(2) Program and CMIP6 prescribed data,and improves upon the CMIP5 MME CO_(2) concentration(which is overestimated after 1950).The growth rate of CO_(2) concentration in the northern hemisphere(NH)is higher than that in the southern hemisphere(SH),with the highest growth rate in the mid-latitudes of the NH.The MME can also reasonably simulate the seasonal amplitude of CO_(2) concentration,which is larger in the NH than in the SH and grows in amplitude after the 1950s(especially in the NH).Although the results of the MME are reasonable,there is a large spread among ESMs,and the difference between the ESMs increases with time.The MME results show that regions with relatively large CO_(2) concentrations(such as northern Russia,eastern China,Southeast Asia,the eastern United States,northern South America,and southern Africa)have greater seasonal variability and also exhibit a larger inter-model spread.Compared with CMIP5,the CMIP6 MME simulates an average spatial distribution of CO_(2) concentration that is much closer to the site observations,but the CMIP6-inter-model spread is larger.The inter-model differences of the annual means and seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration are both attributed to the differences in natural sources and sinks of CO_(2) between the simulations.
文摘To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2+ concentration ([Ca^2+ ]i ) and calcium-activated chloride (Clca) channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca^2+ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca^2+ ]i of rat PASMCs under normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The effect of Clca channels on PASMCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The Clca channel blockers niflumic acid (NFA) and indaryloxyacetic acid (IAA-94) exerted inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in the pulmonary artery. Under chronic hypoxic condition, [Ca^2+ ]i was increased. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2+ If was (123.634-18.98) nmol/ L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca^2+]i wag (281. 754-16.48) nmol/L (P〈0. 01). Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2+ ]i showed no significant change and no effect on Clca channels was observed (P〉 0. 05). Chronic hypoxia increased [Ca^2+ ]i which opened Clca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked the channels and decreased [Ca^2+ ]i from (281.75± 16.48) nmot/L to (117.66 ±15.36) nmol/L (P〈0.01). MTT assay showed that under chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbency (A value) from 0. 459±0. 058 to 0. 224±0. 025 (P〈0. 01). Hypoxia increased [Ca^2+ ]i which opened Cl~ channels and had a positive-feedback in [Ca^2+ ]i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Under chronic hypoxic condition, Clca channel may play a part in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs.
基金Present address:Departm ent of PhysiologyMedical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University+1 种基金Xi'an 710 0 6 1China
文摘Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i),and where the origin of Ca 2+ mobilization is if that has occurred.Methods Pituitary cells in primary culture were prepared from male Wister rats(250g) by a conventional method and cultured in MEM supplemented with 4% normal rat serum.After 2 days in culutre,cells were loaded with 1 μmol/L fura PE3/AM for 1 h and subjected to a Ca 2+ imaging experiment with Quanti Cell 700 system.Excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm were selected by means of a computer controlled filterwheel.Results The [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC in the rat anterior pituitary was elevated by Ang Ⅱ.The elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC induced by 0.1,1.0,10 and 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was (56.33±6.18)( ±s ),(117.07±36.07),(175.59±40.01) and (216.02±11.52) nmol/L,respectively.The increase of [Ca 2+ ]i of FSC induced by 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was not influenced by the medium without Ca 2+ (0Ca),but significantly suppressed by thapsigargin(TG),an inhibitor of ATPase.The rate of responsive FSC to Ang Ⅱ (100 nmol/L) was 61.84% which was obviously higher than that of pituitary endocrine cells(43.49%).Conclusion The present experiment demonstrates that the FSC in the rat anterior pituitary responds to Ang Ⅱ by increasing [Ca 2+ ]i,which raises the possibility that Ang Ⅱ released from either lactotrophs or gonadotrophs affects FSC through paracrine mechanism.The elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i induced by Ang Ⅱ presents a dosage dependent relation, and is possibly because of the release of Ca 2+ from an intracellular Ca 2+ pool(s).Fashions of Ca 2+ release are relative to the concentration of Ang Ⅱ.The results indicate that Ang Ⅱ functions as a paracrine factor among pituitary cells including FSC.
文摘Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the acute effects of ethanol (EtOH) on penile tissue are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the effects of EtOH on corporal tissue tonicity, as well as the intracellular Ca^2+ concentration ([Ca^2+]i) and potassium channel activity of corporal smooth muscle. Strips of corpus cavernosum (CC) from rabbits were mounted in organ baths for isometric tension studies. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied to strips precontracted with 10 μmol L^-1 phenylephrine as a control. EtOH was then added to the organ bath and incubated before EFS. The [Ca^2+]i levels were monitored by the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence intensities using the fura-2 loading method. Single-channel and whole-cell currents were recorded by the conventional patch-clamp technique in short-term cultured smooth muscle cells from human CC tissue. The corpus cavernosal relaxant response of EFS was decreased in proportion to the concentration of EtOH. EtOH induced a sustained increase in [Ca^2+]i in a dose-dependent manner, Extracellular application of EtOH significantly increased whole-cell K^+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner (P 〈 0.05). EtOH also increased the open probability in cell-attached patches; however, in inside-out patches, the application of EtOH to the intracellular aspect of the patches induced slight inhibition of Ca^2+-activated potassium channel (KCa) activity. EtOH caused a dose-dependent increase in cavemosal tension by alterations to [Ca^2+]i. Although EtOH did not affect KCa channels directly, it increased the channel activity by increasing [Ca^2+]i. The increased corpus cavemosal tone caused by EtOH might be one of the mechanisms of ED after heavy drinking.
文摘Objective To study on the mechanism of growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect of total alkaloid in the CSEO(Capparis spinosa L.essential oil,CSEO)on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2.Methods The growth inhibiting effect of the CSEO on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 was measured by MTT method.Morphological observation of the HepG-2 cells was completed by fluorescence microscope.The changing of mitochondrion membrane potential induced by CSEO was observed by staining with Rhodamine123.Effect of the CSEO on intracellular Ca2+ level of the HepG-2 cells was measured by laser confocal microscope.Results The CESO has obvious growth inhibiting effect on the HepG-2 and seems to be dose-dependent,and its IC50 is 127.5 μg·mL-1.The characteristic apoptosis morpha of HepG-2 cells has been observed,and the apoptosis percentage increase to 44.447% in the 300 μg·mL-1 dosage group.In addition,the progress of cells cycle of G1 period has been blocked,and the cellular proportion in S and G2 period is decreased in the 75 μg·mL-1 and 150 μg·mL-1 dosage groups by the function of CSEO for 48 h.The mitochondria membrane potential(Δψm)effected by CESO is decreased,while the curve moves toward left.In addition,the intracellular Ca2+ level is increased by the function of CESO in the middle and high dose groups.Conclusions The CESO has obviously growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 by the mechanism of decreasing the mitochondria membrane potential and increasing the intracellular Ca2+ level.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21246012, 21306015 and 21476032)
文摘In this study, a novel approach to measure the absolute cytoplasmic Caconcentration([Ca]cyt) using the Caindicator fluo-3 AM was established. The parameters associated with the probe fluo-3 AM were optimized to accurately determine fluorescence intensity from the Ca-bound probe. Using three optimized parameters(final concentration of 6 m M probe,incubation time of 135 min, loading probe before plasma treatment), the maximum fluorescence intensity(F?=?527.8 a.u.) and the minimum fluorescence intensity(F?=?63.8 a.u.) were obtained in a saturated Casolution or a solution of lacking Ca. Correspondingly, the maximum [Ca]cytinduced by cold plasma was 1232.5 n M. Therefore, the Caindicator fluo-3 AM was successfully applied to measure the absolute [Ca]cytin Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated by cold plasma at atmospheric air pressure.