Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

Evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance and microstructure of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging

The evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging(NIA)was investigated by hardness test,electrical conductivity test,tensile test,intergranular corrosion test,exfoliation corrosion test,slow strain rate tensile test and electrochemical test,and the mechanism has been discussed based on microstructure examination by optical microscopy,electron back scattered diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.The NIA treatment includes a heating stage from 40℃to 180℃with a rate of 20℃/h and a cooling stage from 180℃to 40℃with a rate of 10℃/h.The results show that the hardness and strength increase rapidly during the heating stage of NIA since the increasing temperature favors the nucleation and the growth of strengthening precipitates and promotes the transformation of Guinier-Preston(GPI)zones toη'phase.During the cooling stage,the sizes ofη'phase increase with a little change in the number density,leading to a further slight increase of the hardness and strength.As NIA proceeds,the corroded morphology in the alloy changes from a layering feature to a wavy feature,the maximum corrosion depth decreases,and the reason has been analyzed based on the microstructural and microchemical feature of precipitates at grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries.

Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

Morphotype dependence of Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer Mg/Ca ratios in the western tropical Pacific:implications for reconstructing the mixed-layer depth

Planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer are the most frequently used mixedlayer dwelling species for reconstructing past oceanic environments.Specifically,the Mg/Ca ratios of these two foraminiferal species have been used for reconstructing tropical/subtropical changes in sea surface temperature(SST).However,these two species have different morphotypes,of which the spatial and temporal differences in Mg/Ca ratios and their influencing factors are still unclear.Our objective is to investigate the potential differences between the Mg/Ca ratios of these different morphotypes of G.ruber(white)and T.sacculifer in the western Philippine Sea(WPS)and determine their implications for the reconstruction of SST and upper-ocean structure.Mg/Ca measurements are made on two basic morphotypes of G.ruber(white)[sensu stricto(s.s.)and sensu lato(s.l.)]and T.sacculifer[with(w)and without(w/o)a sac-like final chamber]on samples of Site MD06-3047B from the WPS.Our results reveal that Mg/Ca ratios of different G.ruber morphotypes show consistent differences;and those of T.sacculifer morphotypes show staged variations since MIS 3.It is suggested to select a single morphotype for reconstructing SST changes using the Mg/Ca ratios of G.ruber and T.sacculifer in the WPS.Furthermore,the Mg/Ca ratios between G.ruber s.s.and G.ruber s.l.[Δ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)]downcore MD06-3047B covaries with indexes of summer monsoon.Combining with the core-top results,showing regional variation of differences in theΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)over the western tropical Pacific,we propose thatΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)may tend to reflect summer mixed layer depth.

不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿可浮性的影响

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。通过单矿物浮选实验、浮选溶液化学、Zeta电位、XPS,研究了不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选效果的影响机理,结果表明:低温能够明显抑制黄铁矿的浮选,且温度降低能够明显弱化Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。当矿浆温度从20℃降至5℃时,矿浆中带电粒子运动速度减慢,Zeta电位增大,生成氢氧化钙镁沉淀的临界pH值增大,纯水矿浆中黄铁矿表面的FeO/OH的比例减小,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)矿浆中黄铁矿表面FeO/OH含量的降低幅度减小,减少了黄铁矿表面的氧化程度和活性吸附位点,减少了Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+,Mg^(2+)和Mg(OH)+等离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附;但低温并不改变Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)在黄铁矿表面的存在形式和吸附状态,pH值为9时,钙镁均以Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+、Mg^(2+)、Mg(OH)+的形式存在并吸附在黄铁矿表面。

Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Cu含量和Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金凝固组织是否形成Mg_(2)Si、Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)以及θ-Al_(2)Cu取决于Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比。当Cu/Mg比相对低时形成Mg_(2)Si中间相,而Cu/Mg比高时则倾向于生成Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu相。当Cu/Mg比相同时,高Cu含量和高Mg含量都会促进Q相θ相的形成。通过观察T6热处理后的组织发现Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比控制了初生相的溶解以及析出相的形成,从而影响合金的强度与韧性。通过控制Cu含量及Cu/Mg比使Al-9Si-2Cu-0.5Mg合金中析出较少数量的初生相,再通过热处理析出大量的Q′强化相,使合金具有较高的强度和相对适中的伸长率。

高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金静态再结晶模型及组织演变

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对航空用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热变形行为进行了测试,对变形后的微观组织进行了表征,系统分析了静态软化行为,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明:实验用航空Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的静态再结晶激活能为129162 J·mol^(-1),静态再结晶体积分数受变形温度、变形程度、变形速率的影响,且变形温度对静态再结晶影响最明显;变形速率一定时,变形温度越高,道次停留时间的影响越不明显;350℃低温变形后,α-Al基体晶粒内部仍存在大量的位错缠结;400℃中温变形后,位错运动能够充分进行,部分晶粒发生了再结晶;450℃高温变形后,基体晶粒基本全部完成了再结晶,基体晶粒内部发现5~25 nm尺寸范围的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu四元相粒子;对于不同热变形条件,模型预测值的误差在0.008~0.0625范围内,动力学模型的计算结果精确度较高。

T6态热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金的低周疲劳行为

为了揭示经过T6处理的热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金在不同温度下的低周疲劳变形与断裂行为,对T6态热挤压合金进行了室温和200℃条件下的低周疲劳实验。结果表明:在室温和200℃下合金塑性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Coffin-Manson公式,而弹性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Basquin公式;合金在室温和200℃下低周疲劳变形时,在较低外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为平面滑移,而在较高外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为波状滑移;室温和200℃下合金的疲劳裂纹均萌生于疲劳试样表面并以穿晶方式扩展。

Mn微合金化Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及耐蚀性能研究

Al-Si-Cu-Mg系列合金具有优异的强韧性,但其中的含Cu强化相极大地影响了该系合金的耐蚀性能。因此,本文通过对不同Mn含量的Al-7Si-2Cu-0.6Mg合金进行显微组织观察和电化学分析,探究Mn元素的添加对T6热处理状态下合金微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,Mn添加量的提高对合金显微硬度几乎没有影响,但在合金基体中可以观察到弥散相。随着Mn含量升高,合金的耐蚀性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。添加0.360%Mn(质量分数)合金具有最佳耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度比基础合金减少了54%。腐蚀形貌观察结果表明,Mn的添加可以显著减弱合金的点蚀趋势。

热挤压对快速凝固Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法制备了快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金,采用了SEM对其进行观察分析。结果表明,快速凝固能够极大细化Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金组织,抑制Si相及β-Fe相的析出长大,且组织的细化程度呈梯度分布。对快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金进行了不同工艺参数的热挤压实验。结果表明,粉末包套热挤压工艺能够使快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg带材合金致密化,当挤压温度为400℃、挤压比为1∶16时,合金获得了较优异的力学性能,其屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到了456 MPa和805 MPa,压缩率为9.3%。

基于机器学习的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金快速设计

提出一种基于机器学习的合金快速设计系统(ARDS),以定制所需性能的合金制备策略或预测制备策略所对应的合金性能。为此,分别对3种回归算法:线性回归(LR)、支持向量回归(SVR)和人工神经网络(BPNN)进行建模和比较以训练多性能预测模型。其中,应用SVR构建的机器学习模型被证明是最佳的。然后,基于生成对抗网络(GAN)模型原理,构建Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金快速设计系统(ARDS)。对ARDS的预测可靠性进行验证。结果表明,为了能够获得准确的制备策略,系统中极限抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和伸长率(EL)的输入上限分别约为790 MPa、730 MPa和28%。此外,基于ARDS预测结果,制备了一种性能优异的新型铝合金材料,其UTS为764 MPa、YS为732 MPa、EL为10.1%,进一步验证了ARDS的可靠性。

Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金纳米相之间溶质配分行为的第一性原理研究

采用一性原理计算考察25种合金化元素在大多数商业牌号Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金中主要纳米相(δʹ-Al3Li、θʹ-Al2Cu、T1-Al6Cu4Li3和S-Al2CuMg)之间的溶质配分能和配分行为。计算结果表明,主合金化元素Li不能直接影响θʹ和S相,Cu不能直接影响δʹ相,Mg不能直接影响θʹ和δʹ相,但可以较弱地固溶于T1相。对于微合金化元素,Si是唯一一种可以固溶于4种纳米相的元素。Au能固溶于δʹ、θʹ和S相,Cd能固溶于δʹ、T1和S相,Zr能固溶于δʹ和T1相,Ni仅有微弱的趋势固溶于θʹ和S相。Ti、V、Zn、Ag和Mo只能固溶于δʹ相,而Cr、Mn、Fe和Co对这4种纳米相均没有直接影响。几乎所有的稀土元素均能强烈固溶于T1、δʹ和S相,但无法固溶于θʹ相。仅Sc略显特殊,对S相没有明显的固溶趋势。计算预测的溶质配分能构成了一个原型数据库,有利于指导和加速Al−Li合金及其他相关Al合金的设计。

Cu含量对Al-1Mg-0.6Si-xCu合金板材韧性及弯曲性能的影响

采用室温拉伸、Kahn撕裂以及弯曲实验,结合数字图像分析法和扫描透射电镜等手段,探究了Cu含量对Al-1Mg-0.6Si-xCu合金板材韧性及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着Cu含量的增加,合金的伸长率、均匀伸长率、均匀断裂能和单位面积裂纹形核功逐渐增加,合金的弯曲性能变好,均匀阶段韧性提升,而合金的失稳伸长率、失稳断裂能及单位面积裂纹扩展功下降,合金失稳阶段韧性变差。随着Cu含量的增加,Al-1Mg-0.6Si-xCu合金中强化相β″的密度增加,且在0.5-Cu合金中出现Q′相和L相,晶内析出相密度增加,使得合金在形变过程中消耗的能量增加;晶界析出相间距增加,从而提高合金的韧性及弯曲性能。

Mechanical properties and electronic structures of MgCu_2, Mg_2Ca and MgZn_2 Laves phases by first principles calculations

Mechanical properties and electronic structure of MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 phases were investigated by means of first principles calculations from CASTEP program based on density functional theory（DFT）. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and literature values. The calculated heat of formation and cohesive energies showed that MgCu2 has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. Elastic constants of MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 were calculated, and the bulk moduli, shear moduli, elastic moduli and Poisson ratio were derived. The calculated results show that MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 are all ductile phases. Among the three phases, MgCu2 has the strongest stiffness and the plasticity of MgZn2 phase is the best. Melting points of the three phases were predicted using cohesive energy and elastic constants. Density of states（DOS）, Mulliken population, electron occupation number and charge density difference were discussed. Finally, Debye temperature was calculated and discussed.

淬火冷却方式及宏观取向对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金力学性能的影响

以7050铝合金为研究对象,研究热处理状态(空冷时效与水冷时效)和宏观取向(与轧制方向成0°,45°,90°)耦合作用对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:水冷时效态的样品中析出相细小均匀弥散,晶界无析出带较窄。在空冷时效态下,过饱和的溶质不仅会以半共格的Al3Zr为核心形成粗大析出相,还会沿位错大量析出。此外,与水冷时效态相比,空冷时效态晶界相尺寸大幅增加,晶界无析出带显著宽化,不同宏观取向样品的强度和伸长率都明显下降。宏观取向对两种状态样品强度的差值影响较小,但对伸长率的差值影响较大。当拉伸方向与轧制方向成45°方向时,空冷诱导的伸长率下降幅度最小;当拉伸方向与轧制方向成90°时,下降幅度最大。

Mg、Si含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Si合金析出相的影响

研究了Mg、Si元素含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Si合金实际析出相种类及性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Si合金中高Mg含Si合金析出了大量S相和粗大的第二相;低Mg低Si合金中析出了常见的θ相和Ω相;低Mg含Si合金中出现了6系铝合金中常见的σ相和β″相等多种析出相,且具有非常细小弥散的θ相,为合金提供了良好的强化效果。Si和Mg的存在均极大地改变了合金的析出序列,无法通过增加Mg含量抵消Si的作用。Si的加入显著抑制了Ω相的析出,而大幅增加Mg含量则会促进S相的析出。

热处理工艺对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和万能拉伸试验机等研究了固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度以及时效时间等工艺参数对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度由500℃升高至545℃时,合金的共晶硅尺寸逐渐减小,545℃时共晶硅平均尺寸达到最小,超过550℃合金会发生部分过烧现象;固溶温度为545℃时,固溶时间由2 h增加至16 h,共晶硅尺寸随着固溶时间增加先减小后增大,固溶时间为12 h时,共晶硅的平均尺寸最小;时效处理后合金的硬度显著提升,时效温度由155℃升高至185℃时,峰值时效时间从8 h减少至4 h,在175℃时效时合金的峰值硬度最高;155℃时效时合金的组织中仅观察到β″相,在高于155℃峰值时效时组织中均观察到β″相与θ′相,实现了双析出相强化,175℃峰值时效时合金的抗拉强度可达365 MPa,但断后伸长率下降至2.1%。综合考虑合金的强度和韧性,合适的热处理工艺为545℃×12 h+165℃×8 h。

Microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions

The billets of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloys were prepared by semi-continuous direct chill casting （DCC）.The effects of trace Er on microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions were studied.The results show that the grain morphology is large dendritic structure and the grain size increases obviously by the addition of 0.5% Er.Moreover,most of Er element in the alloy segregates at grain boundary during solidification,resulting in ternary Al8Cu4Er phase.After homogenization,most of the MgZn2 phase at grain boundary has dissolved back to Al matrix in the two alloys.In the Er-containing alloy,the dissolution temperature of Al8Cu4Er phase is about 575 °C.Therefore,the homogenization treatment cannot eliminate Al8Cu4Er phase validity.

锌镁比对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金显微组织与耐腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过调整Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金中的Mg元素含量,研究了Zn/Mg比的变化对合金相演变以及腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相、Al_(3)(Er,Sc)相与含Fe相存在明显的伴生关系,二者依附于含Fe相生长。Zn/Mg比的变化可显著改变三者间的交互形式,高的Zn/Mg比例有利于稀土相独立生长,且在比值为4.18的条件下,Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相与含Fe相均得到了显著细化。细化的晶界第二相使腐蚀坑深度仅为82μm,而连续的伴生混合相、粗大稀土相等均会不同程度降低合金的耐蚀性能。

西宁地区原发性高血压患者血清MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg的临床意义

目的探讨青海省西宁地区原发性高血压(primary hypertension,PH)患者血清单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、(中性粒细胞+单核细胞)/淋巴细胞比值(NMLR)、钙/镁比值(Ca/Mg)的临床意义。方法共入选528例研究对象,根据血压测量结果分为健康对照组(n=179)与PH组(n=349)。根据2018年高血压防治指南,将PH组进一步分为1级PH组(n=116)、2级PH组(n=111)、3级PH组(n=122)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析,明确PH组发病的独立危险因素;采用血常规检测和生物化学法检测MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg水平,通过Spearman相关性分析探讨MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg水平与高血压水平分类的相关性。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,Ca/Mg、NMLR是发生PH的独立危险因素。PH组Ca/Mg、NMLR显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与1级PH组比较,3级PH组的Ca/Mg、NMLR水平明显升高(P<0.05),Ca/Mg、NMLR、MHR与高血压水平分类呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论NMLR、Ca/Mg、MHR与PH的病情程度密切相关,NMLR、Ca/Mg监测有助于早期识别PH高危患者并进行相应的临床干预治疗。