Roles of Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger 1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology

The Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger(NCX) protein family is a part of the cation/Ca^(2+) exchanger superfamily and participates in the regulation of cellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis. NCX1, the most important subtype in the NCX family, is expressed widely in various organs and tissues in mammals and plays an especially important role in the physiological and pathological processes of nerves and the cardiovascular system. In the past few years, the function of NCX1 in the digestive system has received increasing attention; NCX1 not only participates in the healing process of gastric ulcer and gastric mucosal injury but also mediates the development of digestive cancer, acute pancreatitis, and intestinal absorption.This review aims to explore the roles of NCX1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology in order to guide clinical treatments.

A Brief Study on pH, Exchangeable Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺in Farmlands under Tobacco-Rice Rotation in Xuancheng City of South Anhui

pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil can influence the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Xuancheng city is the dominant tobacco-planting region in Anhui province since 2008. A general soil survey was conducted in Xuancheng city to understand the current situations of pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation and to decide whether continuous applying dolomite powders to abate soil acidification. In total 124 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the typical farmlands and soil pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were measured. The results showed that soil pH and Ca2+ and Mg2+ in Xuancheng city were generally in the suitable grades, pH ranged from 4.56 to 8.42 with an average of 5.87, exchangeable Ca2+ ranged from 1.01 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1 to 100.55 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1 with an average of 11.07 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1, and exchangeable Mg2+ ranged from 0.14 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1 to 2.86 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1 with an average of 0.81 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1, all spanned from the low grades to the high grades. To the whole Xuancheng city, 37.10%, 62.10% and 72.58% of the surveyed farmlands were in the low grades of pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, while 52.42%, 25.00% and 20.97% of the farmlands were in the suitable grades, respectively. pH had an extremely significantly positive Napierian logarithm correlation with exchangeable Ca2+ and an extremely significantly positive power correlation with exchangeable Mg2+. In total about 338.2 kg·hm-2 of Ca2+ and 202.4 kg·hm-2 of Mg2+ are annually input into the farmlands, while about 110.4 kg·hm-2 of Ca2+ and 7.4 kg·hm-2 of Mg2+ are annually moved out from the farmlands, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were annually increased by 225.2 kg·hm-2 and 187.6 kg·hm-2 in the farmlands, respectively. It is necessary to monitor the farmlands dynamically in order to decide whether continuous applying dolomite powders which should be dependent upon the specific conditions of individual farmlands.

A New and Original Method to Produce Ca(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>Nanoparticles by Using an Anion Exchange Resin

Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles in hydro-alcoholic dispersion (nanolime) were successfully employed in Cultural Heritage conservation, thanks to the ability to overcome the limiting aspects of traditional lime treatments. Nanolime were currently produced by chemical precipitation process, at high temperature, with long times of synthesis, and after several purification steps to remove undesired secondary phases. In this paper, an innovative, simple and original method for nanolime production was described. The method was based on an ion exchange process between an anionic resin and a calcium chloride aqueous solution, operating at room temperature. A pure Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles suspension can be rapidly obtained after separating the resin from suspension, and any purification step was necessary. The exhausted resins can be regenerated and reused for a cyclic nanolime production. Structural and morphological features of the produced nanolime were preliminarily characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, XRD measurements allowed estimating nanoparticles reactivity by following their carbonatation process in air, in relation to different water/alcohol ratios and medium or high relative humidity conditions. The produced Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles appeared hexagonally plated, with dimension less than 100 nm and, compared with those obtained by typical wet precipitation method, they proved to be more reactive.

Construction and Functional Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Vector of FAD2 Gene Family in Soybean

Soybean oleic acid content is one of the important indexes to evaluate the quality of soybean oil.In the synthesis pathway of soybean fatty acids,the FAD2 gene family is the key gene that regulates the production of linoleic acid from soybean oleic acid.In this study,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to regulate FAD2 gene expression.Firstly,the CRISPR/Cas9 single knockout vectors GmFAD2-1B and GmFAD2-2C and double knockout vectors GmFAD2-2A-3 were constructed.Then,the three vectors were transferred into the recipient soybean variety Jinong 38 by Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledon node transformation,and the mutant plants were obtained.Functional analysis and comparison of the mutant plants of the T2 and T3 generations were carried out.The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the CRISPR/Cas9 single and double knockout vectors and the untransformed CRISPR/Cas9 receptor varieties.The oleic acid content of the plants that knocked out the CRISPR/Cas9 double gene vector was significantly higher than that of the single gene vector.

The Effects of Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchange (NCX) on the Repolarization of Canine Ventricular Myocyte-Potential Arrhythmogenic Effect of NCX during a Mis-matched Repolarization and Relaxation Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen University

Objective Background and Objects: Naturally occurring temporal variability of action potentialduration (APD) in isolated myocytes has been noted. Most of the studies have beenfocusing on analyzes of the differences in ionic channels and currents among theepicardial-, mid-myocardial-(M) and endocardial myocytes, and the rate-dependent (adaptation) characteristics of APD. We have found that the change in APD during achange in frequency of stimulation mostly reflects a change in rate of repolarization at distinct membrane potential levels. We assumed that in the myocytes, there is balancing mechanism, which is constantly adjusting the various ionic currents accommodating to the changing conditions. This intrinsic ability of adaptation is important and may offer some of the consequences of the transmural heterogeneity in adaptation of APD. This adaptive behaviors maybe equally important in maintaining the normal electrophysiological properties and in induction of arrhythmia in a case of error in normal adaptation. Though most studies of Na +/Ca 2+ exchange (NCX) has been emphasized on its reverse activaty during pathyological condition. Our hypothesis is that reverse activaty of NCX also plays an important role in adjusting the repolarization of AP during a physiological condition. A mismatch between action potential (AP) repolarization and relaxation of the contraction can be caused by intracellular Ca 2+ transport abnormalities. Ca 2+ influx via reverse activation of NCX can load the sarcoplasmic recticulum (SR), which has arrhythmogenic effect.Methods We studied the single myocytes from the left ventricle of adult mongrel dogs. During the cell separation, collagenase was perfused through LAD by Langandorff system. We use the patch-clamp system to determinded AP in current clamp mode. Myocyte contraction was imaged by a video camera, shortening of unloaded myocytes was detected by a video edge motion detector, using changes in light intensity at the edges of the myocyte. Results From 60 consecutive recorded APs at a constant 1.0 Hz stimulation under steady state conditions we found there is a variance in the repolarization between 10mV and-40mV. We also found the variance in the APD during the rate adaptation range of repolarization. Fluctuation in the transient may contribute to the APD variability. To test thishypothesis we block the transient by intracellular dialysis with 10 mM EGTA(n=19), this caused a significant reduction in the coefficient variability (CV=SD/mean APD%) from 2.3± 0.8 to 1.3± 0.3 P< 0.01. During a rate change of the stimulation from 0.6 Hz to 1.0 Hz. The AP duration increased from 278±8 msec to 320±9 msec, Mean+SD, n=5, 50 APs, P< 0.05. contraction is accompanied by an after-contraction(A-CON). The relaxation of contraction precedes the repolarization of the AP. We assumed that the enhancement of repolarization and the production of after-contraction can be possibly induced by reverse mode of NCX. Reducing [Na +] o by substitution of 40mM Na + with Li + favors NCX activating the reverse mode, which significantly decreased the dome of the AP from 4.8± 0.3 to -10.6± 1.2mV, P< 0.05, and increased the APD from 330±13 to 368±14 msec. P< 0.05.Conclusions Intracellular calcium transient most likely contributes to the beat-to-beat variance of action potential duration in canine ventricular myocyte. And it attributes to the voltage-dependent switch of NCX mode. Calcium concentration is high inmyocytes during the repolarization, and high intracellular Ca 2+ activates NCX in such a manner, that it generates an inward (positive, depolarizing) current. This current works against the repolarization, it is prolonging it, with other words it increases the duration of the action potential. The magnitude of calcium concentration during repolarization is very much dependent on calcium transport in the SR. The calcium transport in the SR is subject to adrenergic actions, and other physiologic and pathologic regulators. Under pathologic conditions

茶树OSCA基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

钙通透性阳离子通道蛋白(OSCA)在植物调节高渗胁迫中发挥着重要作用。为了解OSCA基因家族在茶树响应干旱胁迫中的作用,本研究基于茶树全基因组数据对OSCA基因家族进行鉴定,分析CsOSCAs基因和蛋白结构以及启动子顺式作用元件,并对CsOSCAs在茶树不同组织、不同抗旱性品种间和干旱胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明:茶树基因组包含12个OSCA基因家族成员,分别命名为CsOSCA1~CsOSCA12;CsOSCAs基因编码的氨基酸序列长度为667~831 bp,蛋白分子量在76630.55~93563.99 kDa之间,等电点在6.15~9.33之间,含有9~12个跨膜结构域,均含有特征保守结构域DUF221,根据系统进化关系可以分为4个亚族;10个CsOSCAs基因定位于茶树7条染色体上,2个CsOSCAs基因定位于未锚定染色体的contig上;CsOSCAs基因编码的蛋白二级结构含有32%~38%的跨膜结构和60%~68%的α-螺旋;CsOSCAs基因具有组织表达特异性,CsOSCA2、CsOSCA3、CsOSCA11、CsOSCA12基因在干旱敏感的品种CN98中的表达量显著高于其他2个耐旱品种,9个基因响应PEG胁迫,其中CsOSCA2、CsOSCA3、CSOSCA5、CsOSCA8、CsOSCA10和CsOSCA12受干旱胁迫强烈诱导;进一步分析启动子顺式作用元件显示,6个基因含有干旱诱导响应元件,11个基因含有脱落酸响应元件。由此推测茶树OSCA基因家族在茶树响应干旱胁迫中发挥着重要的作用,此研究为茶树OSCA基因功能分析与茶树抗逆性研究提供参考。

Na^+/Ca^(2+) Exchange-mediated La^(3+) Entry in Human Lymphocytes

We determined whether La3+ enter human peripheral blood lymphocytes via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (measured with fura-2). We first compared the sensitivity of fura-2 with La3+ and Ca2+, the result indicates that the sensitivity of fura-2 for La3+ is much greater than for Ca2+. La3+ forms a 1:1 La3+-fura-2 complex (apparent dissociation constant = 1.7x10(-12) mol/L, pH 7.05). Ouabain-pretreated cells, suspended in Na+-free medium, showed that La3+ can enter human lymphocytes via the Na-i(+)/Ca2+ (La3+)(o) exchanger and is found to be about 10(-12) mol/L in cells exposed to 0.4 mmol/L La3+. Otherwise, the higher concentration (0.1 mmol/L) blocks the Na-i(+)/Ca2+(La3+)(o) exchange-mediated influx of Ca2+, but the lower concentration (0.01 mmol/L) appears to increase Ca2+ entry.

EFFECTS OF THE HOE 694 ON TRANSIENT INWARD CURRENT AND NA^+- CA^(2+) EXCHANGE IN GUINEA PIG CARDIOMYOCYTES

To determine the effects of HOE 694, a new and potent Na＋- H＋ exchanger blocker, on transient inward current (Iti) and Na＋- Ca2＋ exchange during hypoxia- reoxygenation in guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Methods. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult guinea pig ventricle. Experiment was performed in an experimental chamber that allowed the cells to be exposed to a sufficiently low O2 pressure. The cells were subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The ionic currents were studied with patch clamp technique. Results. In the absence of HOE 694, hypoxia- reoxygenation induced Iti in 12 of 15 experiments; but in cardiomyocytes pretreated with HOE 694 (10～ 50μ mol/L), the incidence of Iti observed during reoxygenation was reduced to 5 of 11 experiments and 3 of 10 experiments, P Conclusions. Blockade of the Na＋- H＋ exchange by HOE 694 could reduce Ca2＋ overload upon hypoxia- reoxygenation, and inhibition of Na＋- H＋ exchange may also indirectly decrease Na＋- Ca2＋ exchange activity during hypoxia.

培养大鼠心肌细胞缺氧与复氧时H~＋－Ca^（2＋）交换的研究

大量研究表明：心肌细胞缺氧后再复氧，可因氧反常和ｐＨ反常造成细胞内Ｃａ２＋超载。通常认为，在心肌细胞发生ｐＨ反常后，Ｈ＋－Ｎａ＋和Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换加强是细胞内Ｃａ２＋超载的重要机制。本实验结果表明：阻断了Ｈ＋－Ｎａ＋和Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换后，仍有部分Ｃａ２＋进入细胞，Ｃａ２＋内流量与缺氧时间成正比关系。在无Ｎａ＋溶液中也得到了同样结果，表明此时Ｃａ２＋内流是通过与Ｎａ＋无关的通路进入细胞的。进一步实验表明这种Ｃａ２＋内流与细胞膜内外ｐＨ梯度差密切相关。当胞外ｐＨ升高即胞内相对Ｈ＋浓度增加时，Ｃａ２＋内流量也增加。故推测：ｐＨ反常所致细胞内Ｃａ２＋超载的原因，除Ｈ＋－Ｎａ＋和Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换外，尚有Ｈ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换机制。

732型阳离子交换树脂对渗滤液中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的去除

机械蒸汽压缩(MVC)蒸发处理渗滤液过程中,Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的大量存在会导致结垢及浓缩液后续处理困难等问题。通过静态吸附实验,探索了732型阳离子交换树脂对渗滤液中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的吸附特性。实验结果表明,在pH=7、温度为30℃、732型阳离子交换树脂投加量为8g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,对于Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)(摩尔比为3∶5)的质量浓度为2 000mg/L的混合溶液,两者的去除率分别为88.8%、68.3%。732型阳离子交换树脂对Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的吸附行为均符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,相关性系数(R2)分别为0.992 5、0.952 3。利用732型阳离子交换树脂处理实际渗滤液,吸附条件与混合溶液相同,结果表明,对实际渗滤液中Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的去除率分别达到为69.9%、70.9%。经过732型阳离子交换树脂吸附预处理后的渗滤液再经MVC蒸发处理,可有效减少MVC蒸发过程中的结垢,并降低浓缩液后续处理成本。

大孔型离子交换树脂脱除食品稀糖液中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的初步研究

研究了3种大孔型阳离子交换树脂脱除稀糖液中Ca(2+)、Mg(2+)的效果，其中Amberlite252对Ca(2+)、Mg(2+)的交换能力最大，除去效果最好。研究还证实，该树脂的交换容量与稀糖液的PH值和操作流速有很大的关系。

NCX1在肝癌中的表达、调控Ca^(2+)浓度及其对肝癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

背景与目的:钠钙交换体亚型1(Na^+-Ca^(2+) exchanger isoform 1,NCX1)可通过对细胞Ca2+平衡的调节参与癌症的发生,但是否参与肝癌的发生、发展及其作用机制的研究鲜见报道。该研究旨在探讨NCX1在肝癌中的表达变化,对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖、迁移能力的影响及其可能的机制。方法:运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)和蛋白[质]印迹法(Western blot)检测NCX1 m RNA及蛋白在人正常肝细胞株LO2、肝癌细胞株HepG2、人正常肝组织和原发性肝细胞癌患者癌组织中的表达。采用共聚焦显微镜技术观察NCX1在细胞外无钠溶液刺激活化后,对正常肝细胞LO2及肝癌细胞HepG2中钙离子浓度的调控。采用MTT法、细胞划痕实验检测NCXl特异性的阻断剂KB-R7943对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖、迁移的影响。结果:在肝癌细胞株HepG2和肝细胞癌组织中,NCX1 m RNA和蛋白质的表达均高于正常肝细胞株LO2和正常肝组织(P<0.05)。共聚焦显微镜实验发现,细胞外无钠溶液可以激活细胞内钙升高,正常肝细胞LO2及肝癌细胞HepG2细胞内钙离子浓度均增高,但肝癌细胞HepG2细胞内钙离子增高的幅值明显高于LO2细胞(P<0.05),NCXl特异性阻断剂KB-R7943可以显著阻断胞外无钠诱导的细胞内钙离子升高(P<0.05)。KB-R7943可以显著抑制肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖及迁移(P<0.05)。结论:原发性肝癌中NCX1的表达量上调,NCX1的活化可以调节细胞内钙变化,抑制NCX1的活性可以进一步抑制肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移。这提示NCX1可能在原发性肝癌的发生、发展中起了重要的作用。

Ca^(2+)浓度对膨润土掺砂混合土渗透性能的影响

垃圾填埋场底部铺设含黏土或膨润土掺砂混合土的防渗系统,防止渗滤液流入地下污染周边环境。采用模型试验研究Ca^(2+)离子浓度和基础局部沉降对膨润土掺砂混合土渗透特性的影响。试验结果表明Ca^(2+)浓度对膨润土掺砂混合土的渗透性能有较大影响,渗透液中Ca^(2+)浓度超过一定值后混合土渗漏;Ca^(2+)离子浓度与发生渗透时间之间有很大关系,浓度越高发生渗透的时间越短;同样沉降量条件下,含Ca^(2+)离子溶液渗透的混合土均发生渗漏,而用蒸馏水作渗透液的没有出现渗漏;钠基膨润土遇Ca^(2+)离子溶液后,当Ca^(2+)离子浓度大于两倍Na+就会发生离子交换,钠基膨润土转化为钙基膨润土,混合土的防渗性能下降。因此开展Ca^(2+)离子浓度对膨润土掺砂混合土渗透特性的研究具有较好的理论和实际意义。

复方红景天对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织Na^+/Ca^(2+)泵、TGF-β1 mRNA表达的影响

目的:探索复方红景天抗实验性大鼠肝纤维化的疗效与可能的分子机制.方法:用CC l4皮下注射法诱导SD大鼠肝纤维化模型,同时给予复方红景天颗粒口服进行干预性治疗,观察大鼠血清Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、透明质酸含量及肝组织Na+/Ca2+泵、TGF-β1,Ⅰ型前胶原α1 mRNA表达水平、肝组织病理学变化.结果:与模型组相比,复方红景天可明显降低大鼠血清PCⅢ(μg/L)(164.25±45.68vs265.54±98.21),CⅣ(96.73±14.68vs159.67±29.64),HA(289.35±75.68vs455.79±113.55)水平,(q=4.26,4.94,3.68,均为P<0.05);复方红景天可抑制NCX,TGF-β1,α1(Ⅰ)mRNA表达(半定量积分分别为1.50±0.19vs2.45±0.31,1.06±0.12vs2.47±0.37,1.26±0.17vs2.50±0.40,q值分别为3.52,3.93,4.04,均为P<0.05).肝组织纤维沉积明显减少(肝纤维化积分为2.43±0.70vs3.53±0.68,q=3.69,P<0.05).NCX,TGF-β1 mRNA表达与PCⅢ,CⅣ,HA,α1(Ⅰ)mRNA及肝组织的纤维化积分呈正相关,相关系数r分别为0.52,0.49,0.56,0.48,0.60及0.47,0.61,0.56,0.49,0.51(均为P<0.05).结论:复方红景天良好的抗肝纤维化作用,其分子机制可能与抑制NCX及TGF-β1mRNA表达从而减少胶原纤维合成有关.

影响离体大鼠心肌细胞和蛋白重组脂质体Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换的因素

本工作在离体成年大鼠心室肌细胞和狗心肌肌膜Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换蛋白重组脂质体上,发现预先用哇巴因孵育细胞使细胞内Na^+浓度升高或降低细胞外Na^+浓度均使细胞及脂质体的Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换增加。Mn^(2+)对细胞和脂质体的Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换呈剂量依赖性的抑制作用;异搏定则无明显影响;花生四烯酸对Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换有激活作用;过氧化氢引起膜脂质过氧化后,显著促进脂质体的Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换,并呈时间和剂量依赖性。

Ca^(2+)引入方式及用量对蒙脱石的膨胀容及阳离子交换量的影响

探讨了Ca(OH)2,CaCl2掺入量对蒙脱石的膨胀容及阳离子交换量的影响,并对改性前后蒙脱石的显微结构进行了分析.研究结果表明,不论是普通蒙脱石还是钠基蒙脱石,经Ca2+处理后二者的膨胀容均有所下降,但改性普通蒙脱石下降的幅度要大于改性钠基蒙脱石的.随着Ca(OH)2,CaCl2掺入量的增加,膨胀容减小.当掺入8%(wt)CaCl时,蒙脱石的膨胀容较小、交换性钙较低、结构紧密.

溶血磷脂酸对大鼠心肌细胞膜Na^+-Ca^(2+)交换的影响

本研究采用蔗糖梯度离心法制各大鼠心肌细胞膜，观察溶血磷脂酸（ ＬＰＡ）对心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ^(２＋)交换的影 响。结果发现ＬＰＡ（１～２０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性刺激Ｎａ~＋一Ｃａ^（２＋）交换活性增加。Ｇｐｐ（ＮＨ）ｐ呈剂量依赖 性替代ＬＰＡ刺激的Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ^(２＋)交换活性；ＰＴＸ可抑制ＬＰＡ对Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ^(２＋)交换的激活；Ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ，Ｐｒｏｐｒａｎｏｌｏｌ，Ｐｒａｚｏｓｉｎ，Ａｔｒｏｐｉｎｅ，Ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ，ＢＱ１２３和磷脂酰胆碱对ＬＰＡ诱导的Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ~２＋交换活性无影响，而磷脂酰丝氨酸可增加对照和ＬＰＡ 两组的 Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ^(２＋)交换活性。这些结果表明 ＬＰＡ可通过 ＰＴＸ敏感的 Ｇ蛋白刺激大鼠心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ^(２＋)交换活性。

淋巴细胞膜上Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)交换操纵的Eu^(3+)内流的荧光法研究

利用Fura-2荧光浓度指示剂法、通过检测360nm激发荧光强度的变化,研究了Eu能否利用人外周血淋巴细胞膜上的Na+/Ca2+交换进入细胞。结果表明:用ouabain预处理细胞无Na+介质中测试,当加入Eu3+时,360nm荧光强度发生猝灭,且随着胞外加入的Eu3+浓度的增大而猝灭增强。表明在实验条件下Eu3+可以进入细胞。电压依赖性Ca2+通道阻断剂nicardipine对Eu3+的进入无显著影响,建议了Na+/Ca2+交换是Eu3+进入细胞的主要途径。当加入不同浓度的Eu3+和Ca2+的混和组分时,在无Na+介质中测试,结果表明Eu3+与Ca2+竞争Na+/Ca2+交换位点。在模拟胞内离子组分的EGTA缓冲液中(pH7.05),测得Eu3+与Fura-2的离解常数为4.95×10-14mol·L-1。

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na^+/Ca^(2+)交换的抑制

目的 研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na+/Ca2 +交换的作用。方法 用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na+/Ca2 +交换电流 (INa+ /Ca2 + )和其他离子通道电流。结果 FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞INa+ /Ca2 + 呈浓度依赖性抑制 ,10 0 μmol·L-1浓度时抑制内向和外向INa+ /Ca2 + 密度分别达 6 0 1%和 5 6 5 % ,对内向电流及外向电流的IC50 分别为 2 0 μmol·L-1和 34μmol·L-1。FMRFa 5 μmol·L-1抑制INa+ /Ca2 + 内向和外向电流密度分别为 38 7%和 34 9% ,但FMRFa 5 μmol·L-1及 2 0 μmol·L-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论 FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na+/Ca2 +交换抑制剂。

电针“水沟”对脑梗死大鼠脑动脉血管平滑肌中Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶及钠钙交换体表达的影响

目的观察电针“水沟”穴对脑梗死大鼠脑动脉血管平滑肌Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶及钠钙交换体表达变化的动态调节规律。方法130只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组、假手术组,后3组在造模后又分为3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h 4个时相组,每组10只。采用线栓法复制大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,假手术组除不插入线栓外,其余操作同模型组。电针组在造模后即刻针刺“水沟”穴,电针刺激20 min。应用激光多普勒血流仪检测梗死侧血流量的变化,然后各组动物均按时相处死,分别分离和剪取梗死侧的大脑前动脉、中动脉和后动脉各8 mm。应用Western blot法检测血管中Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶的相对表达量;应用RT-qPCR法检测血管中钠钙交换体1(sodium calcium exchanger 1,NCX1)及钠钙交换体3(sodium calcium exchanger 3,NCX3)mRNA的相对表达量。结果大鼠脑梗死后24 h内,与假手术组比较,模型组和电针组各时项血流量均明显下降(P<0.01);电针组大鼠在3 h、6 h、12 h时脑血流量高于模型组(P<0.05)。与空白组和假手术组比较,模型组3 h时Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶下调(P<0.05),各时项NCX1及NCX3 mRNA表达量下调(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组3 h时项Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶表达量的表达水平上调(P<0.05),3 h、6 h时项NCX1 mRNA的表达水平上调(P<0.05),3 h时项NCX3 mRNA表达水平上调(P<0.05)。结论电针干预能增加脑梗死及其周边区域血供,明显抑制脑动脉血管平滑肌上Ca^(2﹢)-ATP酶表达量及NCX1和NCX3 mRNA表达的下调,从而达到减轻脑动脉血管平滑肌内Ca^(2﹢)超载,进而维持细胞内外Na^(﹢)、Ca^(2﹢)稳态,这对于抑制缺血后血管平滑肌痉挛,保持血管功能和状态的正常,从而增加脑梗死区周围血流灌注具有重要作用,但电针的干预具有一定的时效性。