The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed...The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants （CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3） is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection （MAS） of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats （EST-SSR） and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygons male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.展开更多
The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental sta...The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental stages,the plants produce leaves that curve inward to produce the leafy head.Many microRNAs and their target genes have been described participating in leaf development and leaf curvature.The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miRNA-regulated genes in the transition from the rosette to the heading stage.We compared the mi RNA and gene abundances between emerging rosette and heading leaves.To remove transcripts(miRNAs and genes)whose regulation was most likely associated with plant age rather than the change from rosette to heading stage,we utilized a non-heading collard green(B.oleracea var.acephala)morphotype as control.This resulted in 33 DEMs and 1998 DEGs with likely roles in the transition from rosette to heading stage in cabbage.Among these 1998 DEGs,we found enriched GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity,transcription regulator activity,iron ion binding,and photosynthesis.We predicted the target genes of these 33 DEMs and focused on the subset that was differentially expressed(1998DEGs)between rosette and heading stage leaves to construct mi RNA-target gene interaction networks.Our main finding is a role for miR396b-5p targeting two Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues of GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs 3(GRF3)and 4(GRF4)in pointed cabbage head formation.展开更多
The purpose of the present studies was analysis of the age induced changes in photochemical efficiency and xanthophyils cycle pigments of the primary cabbage （Brassica oleracea L. cv. Capitata f. alba） leaves. Photo...The purpose of the present studies was analysis of the age induced changes in photochemical efficiency and xanthophyils cycle pigments of the primary cabbage （Brassica oleracea L. cv. Capitata f. alba） leaves. Photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） was studied by a pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence apparatus, chlorophyll concentration was analysis spectrophotometrically and xanthophyll cycle pigments were estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Leaf senescence was accompanied with a decrease both in chlorophylls concentration, the photochemical efficiency and rate constant for PS Ⅱ photochemistry whereas non-photochemical parameters increased. Excitation pressure （1-qP） which is a measure of relative lumen acidification increased by 1.2x in aging leaves. The maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ showed no significant change. The level of de-epoxidised xanthophylls increased but the concentration of mono- and di-epoxy xanthophylls decreased in aging leaves. A linear relationship between the excitation pressure and the depoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments and lutein, during the onset of senescence suggests that excitation pressure can be used as a sensor for monitoring the onset of senescence as well for the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophylls responsible for non-photochemical quenching in stressed leaves.展开更多
Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transferred into the cotyle dons and hypocotyls of cauliflower by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation met hod. The best selective concentration of kanamycin (kan) was 15 mg L...Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transferred into the cotyle dons and hypocotyls of cauliflower by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation met hod. The best selective concentration of kanamycin (kan) was 15 mg L-1. The con centration of carbencillin (carb) was 500 mg L-1. 14 transgenic cauliflower pla nts were obtained. The putative transformants were assayed by PCR and Southern b lotting analysis. The results indicated that CpTI gene was transferred into caul iflower successfully.展开更多
Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Bra...Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.var.botrytis)is rich in phytochemicals and is an important crop grown all over the world.This study investigates carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in differently pigmented cultivars and elucidates the role of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation including lutein andβ-carotene.Here,we characterised changes in pigments by UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS and changes in transcript levels of carotenoid metabolic genes by qRT-PCR in florets and leaves of orange(‘Jaffa'and‘Sunset'),purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti'),green(‘Trevi')and white(‘Clapton')cultivars.Transcript levels of all carotenoid metabolic genes showed different transcript level patterns in the leaves and florets.Compared to the other cultivars,the orange cultivars had the highest levels ofβ-carotene in the florets and lutein in the leaves resulting in changes lutein/β-carotene ratios.In the green cultivar,higher transcript levels were also found,especially for phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes of the core biosynthesis pathway.However,no increased carotenoid concentrations were observed,possibly due to a higher carotenoid turnover induced by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 in the green cultivar.In the white(‘Clapton')and purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti')cultivars the phytoene desaturase transcript levels as well as carotenoid concentrations were low.Chlorophyll concentrations changed in trend comparable to the carotenoid concentrations and were only significantly lower in the leaves of the orange cultivar‘Jaffa'.Also,the chlorophyll a/b ratio changed in‘Jaffa'.In florets the highest chlorophylls concentrations were observed for the green cultivar(‘Trevi')and the purple cultivar(‘Di Sicilia Violetto').Taken together,the study demonstrates the complex source-sink relationship of carotenoid accumulation in different coloured cauliflower.展开更多
Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was use...Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was used as material, using the root-tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis to select the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x x 2x in the cabbage. Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics （Tri-1, Tri-2, Tri-3, Tri-4, Tri-5, Tri-6, Tri-7, Tri-8, and Tri-9, in which the Tri-1 and Tri-4 were from 2n＋2 plants and others from 2n＋ 1 plants） was acquired from these plants. Each trisomic exhibited some unique features, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud, and inflorescence. The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in the cabbage.展开更多
Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growt...Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight and relative water content of the plants were determined. After 6h of treatment,the activity and gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase( APX) in plants,were measured. The results showed that the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in collard seedlings were higher in the treatment of salt stress with the addition of 0. 05 mmol/L exogenous H_2O_2 than in the simple salt stress treatment; and when endogenous H_2O_2 was removed,the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in plant seedlings were lower than those under simple salt stress. It is speculated that under salt stress,H_2O_2 is involved in the regulation of antioxidant defense gene expression,and it might be an important regulator of salt-induced antioxidant system in collard leaves.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Ministry of China (2008BADB1B02 and 2009BADB8B03)the Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution (ICS, CAAS) (1610032011011)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2012AA100101)
文摘The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants （CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3） is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection （MAS） of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats （EST-SSR） and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygons male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.
基金funded by the Mexican government through the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT),C.V.761325,for the PhD project of Jorge Aleman-Baez。
文摘The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental stages,the plants produce leaves that curve inward to produce the leafy head.Many microRNAs and their target genes have been described participating in leaf development and leaf curvature.The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miRNA-regulated genes in the transition from the rosette to the heading stage.We compared the mi RNA and gene abundances between emerging rosette and heading leaves.To remove transcripts(miRNAs and genes)whose regulation was most likely associated with plant age rather than the change from rosette to heading stage,we utilized a non-heading collard green(B.oleracea var.acephala)morphotype as control.This resulted in 33 DEMs and 1998 DEGs with likely roles in the transition from rosette to heading stage in cabbage.Among these 1998 DEGs,we found enriched GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity,transcription regulator activity,iron ion binding,and photosynthesis.We predicted the target genes of these 33 DEMs and focused on the subset that was differentially expressed(1998DEGs)between rosette and heading stage leaves to construct mi RNA-target gene interaction networks.Our main finding is a role for miR396b-5p targeting two Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues of GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs 3(GRF3)and 4(GRF4)in pointed cabbage head formation.
文摘The purpose of the present studies was analysis of the age induced changes in photochemical efficiency and xanthophyils cycle pigments of the primary cabbage （Brassica oleracea L. cv. Capitata f. alba） leaves. Photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） was studied by a pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence apparatus, chlorophyll concentration was analysis spectrophotometrically and xanthophyll cycle pigments were estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Leaf senescence was accompanied with a decrease both in chlorophylls concentration, the photochemical efficiency and rate constant for PS Ⅱ photochemistry whereas non-photochemical parameters increased. Excitation pressure （1-qP） which is a measure of relative lumen acidification increased by 1.2x in aging leaves. The maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ showed no significant change. The level of de-epoxidised xanthophylls increased but the concentration of mono- and di-epoxy xanthophylls decreased in aging leaves. A linear relationship between the excitation pressure and the depoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments and lutein, during the onset of senescence suggests that excitation pressure can be used as a sensor for monitoring the onset of senescence as well for the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophylls responsible for non-photochemical quenching in stressed leaves.
文摘Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transferred into the cotyle dons and hypocotyls of cauliflower by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation met hod. The best selective concentration of kanamycin (kan) was 15 mg L-1. The con centration of carbencillin (carb) was 500 mg L-1. 14 transgenic cauliflower pla nts were obtained. The putative transformants were assayed by PCR and Southern b lotting analysis. The results indicated that CpTI gene was transferred into caul iflower successfully.
基金supported by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE)of Germany[Grant No.2816DOKI07(Carcauli)]。
文摘Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.var.botrytis)is rich in phytochemicals and is an important crop grown all over the world.This study investigates carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in differently pigmented cultivars and elucidates the role of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation including lutein andβ-carotene.Here,we characterised changes in pigments by UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS and changes in transcript levels of carotenoid metabolic genes by qRT-PCR in florets and leaves of orange(‘Jaffa'and‘Sunset'),purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti'),green(‘Trevi')and white(‘Clapton')cultivars.Transcript levels of all carotenoid metabolic genes showed different transcript level patterns in the leaves and florets.Compared to the other cultivars,the orange cultivars had the highest levels ofβ-carotene in the florets and lutein in the leaves resulting in changes lutein/β-carotene ratios.In the green cultivar,higher transcript levels were also found,especially for phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes of the core biosynthesis pathway.However,no increased carotenoid concentrations were observed,possibly due to a higher carotenoid turnover induced by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 in the green cultivar.In the white(‘Clapton')and purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti')cultivars the phytoene desaturase transcript levels as well as carotenoid concentrations were low.Chlorophyll concentrations changed in trend comparable to the carotenoid concentrations and were only significantly lower in the leaves of the orange cultivar‘Jaffa'.Also,the chlorophyll a/b ratio changed in‘Jaffa'.In florets the highest chlorophylls concentrations were observed for the green cultivar(‘Trevi')and the purple cultivar(‘Di Sicilia Violetto').Taken together,the study demonstrates the complex source-sink relationship of carotenoid accumulation in different coloured cauliflower.
文摘Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was used as material, using the root-tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis to select the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x x 2x in the cabbage. Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics （Tri-1, Tri-2, Tri-3, Tri-4, Tri-5, Tri-6, Tri-7, Tri-8, and Tri-9, in which the Tri-1 and Tri-4 were from 2n＋2 plants and others from 2n＋ 1 plants） was acquired from these plants. Each trisomic exhibited some unique features, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud, and inflorescence. The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in the cabbage.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Henan Province(182102110305)
文摘Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight and relative water content of the plants were determined. After 6h of treatment,the activity and gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase( APX) in plants,were measured. The results showed that the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in collard seedlings were higher in the treatment of salt stress with the addition of 0. 05 mmol/L exogenous H_2O_2 than in the simple salt stress treatment; and when endogenous H_2O_2 was removed,the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in plant seedlings were lower than those under simple salt stress. It is speculated that under salt stress,H_2O_2 is involved in the regulation of antioxidant defense gene expression,and it might be an important regulator of salt-induced antioxidant system in collard leaves.
