Influence of Induction Motor Design Data on Effects of Cage Asymmetry

The purpose of this paper is to analyze influence of design data on a component （1 - 2s）~ in stator currents of induction motors, mainly used for cage fault diagnosis. This paper shows that such an approach does not always lead to a correct outcome. The considerations are based on a ＂classical＂ model of induction motors extended to cage asymmetry by introducing cage asymmetry factors ko~ and ka. It has been found that in order to estimate the level of the component （1 - 2s）7~, it is enough to know the pole-pair number ＂p＂ and the number of rotor slots ＂N＂. The main objective of the paper is to provide engineers with simple qualitative prediction of effects due to cage faults for various motors when information on design data is very limited.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation-Part Ⅰ: Differential Leakage, Attenuation, Asynchronous Parasitic Torques

The magnetic field generated in the air gap of the cage asynchronous machine and the harmonics of the magnetomotive forces creating that magnetic field, as well as the related differential leakage, attenuation, asynchronous parasitic torques have been discussed in great detail in the literature, but always separately, for a long time. However, systematization of the phenomenon still awaits. Therefore, it is worth summarizing the completeness of the phenomena in a single study – with a new approach at the same time-in order to reveal the relationships between them. The role of rotor slot number is emphasized much more than before. An existing, commonly used, but still impractical basic figure has been modified to more clearly demonstrate the response of the rotor for the harmonics of the stator. The need to treat differential leakage, asynchronous parasitic torques and attenuation together will be demonstrated: new formula for asynchronous parasitic torque is derived;the long-used characteristic curves for differential leakage and attenuation used separately so far was merged into one, correct curve in order to provide a correct design guide for the engineers.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor,Analytic Calculation Part Ⅱ:Synchronous Parasitic Torques,Radial Magnetic Forces

The magnetic field generated in the air gap of the cage asynchronous machine and the harmonics of the magnetomotive forces creating that magnetic field,as well as the synchronous parasitic torques,radial magnetic forces have been discussed in great detail in the literature,but always separately,for a long time.However,systematization of the phenomenon still awaits.Therefore,it is worth summarizing the completeness of the phenomena in a single study–with a new approach at the same time-in order to reveal the relationships between them.The role of rotor slot number is emphasized much more than before.New formulas derived for both synchronous torques and radial magnetic forces are used for further investigation.It will be shown that both phenomena in subject must be treated together.Formulas will be provided to take into account attenuation.Design guide will be provided to avoid dangerous rotor slot numbers.It will be shown that the generation of synchronous torques and radial magnetic forces do not depend–in this new approach-on the slot combination,but on the rotor slot number itself.

CALCULATION OF SATURABLE LEAKAGE REACTANCES OF SQUIRREL CAGE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

A general method of calculating the saturable leakage reactances of squirrelcage asynchronous motors is presented.The method synthesized the variety of effectswhich affect the saturation of leakage magnetic circuit.And the saturable reactances canbe precisely evaluated in any running condition.The computation results of Y-series mo-tors are in good agreement with the test ones.

Intelligence Based Soft Starting Scheme for the Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor with Extinction Angle AC Voltage Controller

Whenever a squirrel cage induction motor is started, notable electromechanical torque and current pulsations occur. The adverse effects of starting torque pulsations and high inrush current in induction motor are eliminated using digital power electronic soft starting schemes that guarantee higher degrees of compliance of the requirements of an ideal soft starter for the induction motor. Soft starters are cheap, simple, reliable and occupy less volume. In this paper, an experimental setup of soft starting technique with extinction angle AC voltage controller and a speed and stator current based closed loop scheme is demonstrated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) by the way of MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation. The ANN based soft starting scheme produces best results in terms of smooth starting torque and least inrush current. The results thus obtained were satisfactory and promising.

New Approach to the Power Selection for Asynchronous Motor

The heating calculation of three-phase squirrel- cage asynchronous motor on the condition of starting for a prescribed rotary angle is firstly studied with time dissection method and its corresponding algorithm is provided. Then based upon the algorithm, a new method for motor power selection is established. Motor initial power determined by load power ischecked and modified in terms of time crit erion, heating criterion,and starting torque criterion.An appropriate motor power which meets three criterions is obtained at last, in the meantime, working displacement matrix andfrequency matrix used for control are acquired. Lifting motor of MDJ1800 low-level high- speed palletizer is taken as a reaI case in the paper.

非晶合金-硅钢混合铁心三相鼠笼式异步电机的能效分析

首先测试了非晶合金与硅钢铁心的磁化和损耗性能,将测取参数应用于YKK3552-4型笼型200 kW三相异步电动机的二维电磁有限元仿真,分析了电机在两种不同铁心材料组合下的能效特性:一是定子采用非晶合金铁心,转子采用硅钢铁心;二是定子和转子均采用硅钢铁心。结果表明异步电动机满载时组合铁心电机铁耗最小,但磁饱和问题突出,额定电压下组合铁心电机的空载电流可达额定电流的1.1倍,绕组铜耗最大。随后对运行电压降低时的混合铁心电机损耗情况进行仿真,当降压4%时电机能效特性达到最优。最后在3 kW样机上进行了能效测试,验证了降压运行的效果。为易饱和非晶材料在交流电机中应用奠定了理论基础,通过降低运行电压实现非晶定子铁心电机低耗、高效是一条可行技术路径。

电机轴承振动特性试验

针对电动机支承轴承的振动问题,以某型变压器鼓风机中电动机非传动端支承轴承为研究对象,在分析转子临界转速的基础上,搭建电动机振动测试系统研究转速、升速率、保持架类型、预载荷和配置游隙等因素对轴承振动特性的影响,试验结果表明:电动机在小于临界转速的工况下运行时,轴承振动频率以电动机转频为主;随着电动机转速的升高,x,y,z方向的振动值均随转速提高而增大,转速对x方向振动的影响最大,对z方向振动的影响最小;电动机启动过程对轴承振动有明显影响,应尽量减小达到工作转速所需时间以避免电动机产生过大的振动;轴承游隙对其振动也存在一定影响,非传动端轴承宜采用CN游隙组;相对于钢制冲压保持架,电机轴承采用尼龙保持架时运转稳定性更好;过大或过小的预载荷均不利于轴承稳定运转。

三相鼠笼异步电动机无传感器转速检测技术及其适应性

针对三相鼠笼异步电机无位置传感器快速傅立叶变换(fast Fourier transformation,FFT)测速方法需要预先知道转子槽数,且测试精度易受噪声干扰和采集时长等因素的影响,提出一种基于奇异值分解-Prony(singular value decomposition-Prony,SVD-Prony)算法的无位置传感器高精度转速测量技术。运用电机学相关理论,研究转子槽谐波测速机理,并给出整数倍率转子槽数的计算方法。在分析并明确定子电流噪声影响和FFT法存在检测精度受采样时长限制等问题的基础上,研究基于奇异值增长率的SVD滤波方法和用于辨识转子槽谐波的Prony算法,并以Y160M-4型电机为研究对象,在不同运行状态下对该技术的适应性进行分析。在此基础上,构建相关物理测试平台,对YE90S-2型电机进行实测。结果表明,在相同采集情况下,所提方法测试绝对误差仅为FFT测速方法的几分之一,检测精度大幅提高。

Dynamics modeling and electromechanical coupling characteristics analysis of cage induction motors

Induction motors, as typical electromechanical energy conversion devices, have received limited attention in previous studies on electromechanical coupling vibrations, precise modeling, and the use of electromechanical coupling effects for fault diagnosis and condition assessment in motor drive systems. This study proposes a comprehensive model of cage induction motors that integrates the multiple coupled circuit model with a rotor-bearing dynamics model. The model accounts for the linear increase in the magnetomotive force across the slot and incorporates the skidding characteristics of bearings in the rotor-bearing system. By calculating the time-varying mutual inductance parameters based on the air-gap distribution in the vibration environment, the electromechanical coupling vibration of the cage motor is investigated. Furthermore, this study examines the electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics influenced by various factors, including bearing clearances, radial loads, and the vertical excitation frequencies of the stators. The results show that the proposed model improves the excitation inputs for the electrical and mechanical systems of the motor compared with conventional models. Increased bearing clearance and radial load affect the current and torque similarly but have opposite effects on the slip ratio. This study provides a deeper understanding of electromechanical coupling mechanisms and facilitates the use of such phenomena for fault diagnosis and condition assessment in motor-driven systems.

机车牵引电机转子模态试验及仿真优化研究

牵引电机转子作为电机旋转的核心,转子的固有频率应避开实际的工作频率、工作转速。基于软件的有限元分析法是目前在设计阶段应用最广泛的固有频率计算方法,而影响计算结果准确性包括材料参数、各部件间的实际接触状态等。通过LMS公司的采集系统进行实际模态测试,并采用Ansys的有限元分析法,考虑导条和端环、导条和铁心、铁心和转轴实际接触状态计算转子的固有频率。根据实际模态测试结果,以验证Ansys计算结果的实效性,为进一步提高牵引电机转子模态仿真精度提供有益参考,也为进一步改进转子结构,保证转子在实际运行中不会发生共振提供依据。

时变负载下笼型电机转子断条故障诊断方法

针对时变负载下,笼型电机定子电流呈现出非平稳、非周期性,使得现有时变负载下的转子断条故障识别方法受电流基频调制影响而出现诊断失效的问题,提出了一种基于提格-凯撒能量算子(Teager-Kaiser energy operator,TKEO)的时变负载下笼型电机转子断条故障诊断方法。该方法采用TKEO提取电流信号的瞬时频率,以判断电机断条故障的严重程度。为验证该方法的有效性和优越性,通过实验获取不同健康状态和不同负载条件下的电流信号,并对其进行诊断。同时将分析结果与传统方法进行了多维度的比较。结果表明:该方法在时变负载下能够更准确地区分电机的健康状态,对负载扰动具有更强的鲁棒性,特别是轻载运行状态下,该方法的相对变化梯度数值差异相较于传统方法高4~6倍,此外,提取到的故障频率波动范围更集中在0~5 Hz之间。

鼠笼转子端部扭振特性研究及其对结构可靠性影响

针对变频器驱动下牵引电机受到谐波转矩的影响,分析了谐波转矩对铜条式鼠笼转子结构的作用机理。采用试验与仿真相结合的方法识别鼠笼转子端部特性。首先,通过模态分析,获取了鼠笼转子的模态参数;然后,建立了基于模态试验的转子等效有限元模型,分析了其在12倍频特征电磁激励下的静强度及谐响应。最后,基于导条振动测试平台,研究了鼠笼转子端部扭振特性,并对载荷放大效应进行了验证,为提升铜条式鼠笼转子端部结构的可靠性提供了一定的理论支撑。

新能源汽车驱动电机故障诊断与分析

新能源汽车具有低排放、低能耗、环保节能等特点,是推动汽车产业向清洁、高效方向发展的重要途径之一。驱动电机作为新能源汽车的核心动力系统,其性能和稳定性对整车性能至关重要。由于特殊的工作环境和复杂的系统结构,驱动电机故障的诊断与分析成为新能源汽车维修中的关键问题。该文基于新能源汽车驱动电机故障评定指标,系统阐述了永磁同步电机和直流电机结构组成、故障类型及诊断方法。旨在为新能源汽车驱动电机故障诊断与维修提供参考与借鉴,促进新能源汽车技术的进一步发展与应用。

基于永磁辅助转子和改进磁障的笼型感应电机的研究

为了有效提高笼型感应电机的功率因数,通过对传统三相四极笼型感应电机的转子结构进行改造,提出了一种基于永磁辅助转子和改进磁障的新型笼型感应电机。采用二维瞬态有限元分析方法,对比和分析了所提新型感应电机和传统感应电机在磁路分布、磁通密度、功率因数和效率方面的性能差异。结果表明,相比于传统感应电机,所提出的新型感应电机可将功率因数提升至0.86~0.98,效率最高可达到95.5%,新型感应电机能够在优化的功率因数下更加高效地运行。

鼠笼异步电机多故障智能诊断基本研究

围绕鼠笼式异步电动机的结构、工作原理及其多故障智能诊断技术进行了深入研究。介绍了鼠笼电机的构造和基本工作原理,包括其定子和转子的主要组成部分,以及电机的起动和运行机制。分析了鼠笼电机可能出现的机械和电气性质故障,如转子断条和轴承故障,并推导了相应的故障特征频率分量,阐述了其在故障诊断中的作用。指出了鼠笼电机故障诊断的难点和现有技术的局限性,并提出了基于参数测定和机器学习技术的智能诊断方法。强调了智能故障诊断技术在保障工业生产连续性和安全性方面的重要性,并展望了未来的研究方向和技术发展。

异步电动机的转子断条问题研究

讨论了异步电动机转子断条故障的特征机理,介绍了通过定子电流监测进行故障诊断的方法。概述了鼠笼式异步电动机转子断条故障可能由机械应力、过载电流和设计缺陷等因素引起,并强调了这种故障对电机性能的负面影响,包括转速异常、噪声增大和潜在的安全风险。提出了通过监测气隙磁场变化和定子电流频谱分析来诊断故障的方法。在正常情况下,电机磁动势平衡对称,而转子断条破坏了这种对称性,导致转矩波动和平均转矩下降。通过对定子电流进行频谱分析,检测到特定的谐波分量。提出结论,尽管传统理论侧重于基波的影响,实际上其他定子电流成分也参与了谐波的生成,并且可以通过监测特定频率的谐波分量来判断转子是否存在断条故障。

复合笼条转子感应电动机温度场计算及相关性分析

建立电机定子绕组等效热模型,通过对电机定转子之间气隙热传递关系的确定,给出了定转子之间的热交换问题的解决方法。以此为基础,建立复合笼条转子感应电动机(induction motor with compound cage rotor,IMCCR)电磁场和全域温度场二维有限元模型,通过电磁场与温度场的单向弱耦合,计算电机额定负载和不同负载时电机定转子全域稳态温度场,分析定子绕组温度及转子槽的温度,通过与实验结果的对比,验证了该电机温度场计算模型的合理性以及计算结果的正确性。研究转子槽中使用不同电阻率和磁导率材料时的电机温度场,分析不同材料特性对电机温度场分布的影响,对指导电机的优化设计具有重要意义。

梯形小波变换及其在鼠笼电动机转子故障分析中的应用

提出了梯形小波函数和小波变换。梯形小波函数具有良好的时域和频域局部化特点和强的选频能力。梯形小波变换适用于电力系统故障分析 ,尤其适用于电动机鼠笼断条以及发电机转子故障分析 ,因而具有较大的社会经济效益。

免疫原理用于异步电动机故障诊断的研究

基于免疫系统的基本原理,提出了一种用于异步电动机故障诊断的新方法。根据免疫系统中T细胞和B细胞的机能,分别建立了T模块和B模块。T模块用来区分电动机的正常状态和故障状态,B模块用来改进T模块在故障诊断空间的覆盖。T模块具有自适应功能,可以根据探测得到的信息调整其状态位置,便于将来更好地进行故障诊断。B模块采用变异和克隆机制,具有学习、记忆等功能,有利于诊断知识的扩充。通过测量异步电动机定子电流频谱,采用T、B模块成功地诊断出电动机的转子断条故障,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。