REE Characteristics of a New Uranium Mineral from the Xianshi Uranium Deposit, South China

Objective Galuskin et al. （2011） firstly discovered that vorlanite （CaU^6＋/4＋）04 is a rare Ca-rich mineral with a fluorite-type structure, which is isostructural with uraninite （U^4＋O2）. Previous studies of the Xianshi granite-related uranium deposit reported that uraninite and pyrite are the major ore minerals whereas galena, clausthalite （PbSe）, and pyrite are minor phases in the ores. A more detailed petrographic and geochronological study of the uranium minerals from the Xianshi deposit showed that there are three distinct types of uraninite-bearing assemblages which formed at three mineralization episodes （Fig. la; Luo et al., 2015）.

Typomorpic Characteristics of the Major Minerals in the Puziwan Gold Deposit,Datong,Shanxi,China

Utilizing theories of minerageny and prospecting mineralogy, the authors studied the attitude, morphotype and chemical composition of metallic minerals of pyrite, gold, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite, non-metallic minerals of quartz, carbonate, dolomite and rutile in the Puziwan gold deposit. The study shows the following results. （1） The mineral assemblage is complex and the species of sulfide are abundant with occurrences of sulfosalt minerals. （2） The composition in the minerals is complex and there rich micro elements, including As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr, Ni, V. The typomorphic characteristics of the association of the elements and their specific value suggest that gold mineralization is associated with shallow magmatic hydrothermal activity, the oreforming fluid is the mixture of abundant rising alkali magmatic water originating from the mantle or the lower crust and the descending acid atmospheric water. （3） Ankerite, Fe-rich sphalerite, granular Ti-rich rutile are widely distributed, which indicate great denudation depths, high mineralization temperature. The deposit is found in the middle and shallow positions of the porphyry series. The deep layers are not favorable for gold mineralization. （4） Copper minerals are rich in the ores and sulfides have high content of copper, suggesting possible porphyry-type Cu （Au） mineralization in deep positions and the surrounding areas.

Mineral Chemical Characteristics of Gabbro-diorite for Shulouqiu Uranium Deposit in Northern Guangdong, China: Constraint on the Magmatic Source

1 Introduction The uranium deposits related with Indosinian and Yanshanian granite have provided the abundant resource of uranium during the past several decades in China.The deposits are mainly distributing in the Guidong granite

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics and Genesis of Arsenate Minerals in the Oxidized Zone of the Debao Skarn-Type Cu-Sn Ore Deposit in Guangxi

Through the study of the oxidized zone of the Debao skarn-type Cu-Sn deposit in Guangxi, the authorshave found 14 arsenate minerals, most of which are for the first time reported in China. They are mainly Cuarsenate minerals with subordinate Cu-Pb arsenate minerals and minor Fe-Pb-Ba varieties. Based on their paragenesis these minerals may be divided into the following series: (1) the clinoclasite-olivenite-cornwallite- cornubite- debaoite- copper silicarsenate association, (2) the scorodite- carminite- beudan-tite-bayldonite- duftite association, and (3) the scorodite-Ba-bearing pharmacosiderite- dussertite association. Arsenate minerals are formed generally in the oxidized zone of the sulfide-type deposits which lie in thewarm, humid and rainy torrid-subtropical zone with pH=6-8 and contain large amounts of arsenopyrite andcarbonate rocks.

Geology and mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang supergiant gold deposit(180 t)in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China:A review

The Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault metallogenic belt in the Jiaodong gold province-the world’s third-largest gold metallogenic area.It is a typical successful case of prospecting at a depth of 500-2000 m in recent years,with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 180 t.The main orebodies(No.1 and No.2 orebody)generally have a pitch direction of NNE and a plunge direction of NEE.As the ore-controlling fault,the Zhaoping Fault is a shovel-shaped stepped fault,with its dip angle presenting stepped high-to-low transitions at the elevation of -2000-0 m.The gold mineralization enrichment area is mainly distributed in the step parts where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently,forming a stepped metallogenic pattern from shallow to deep.It can be concluded from previous studies that the gold mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit occurred at about 120 Ma.The ore-forming fluids were H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl-type hydrothermal solutions with a medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity.The H-O isotopic characteristics indicate that the fluids in the early ore-forming stage were possibly magmatic water or mantle water and that meteoric water gradually entered the ore-forming fluids in the late ore-forming stage.The S and Pb isotopes indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly originate from the lower crust and contain a small quantity of mantle-derived components.The comprehensive analysis shows that the Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit was formed by thermal uplifting-extensional tectonism.The strong crust-mantle interactions,large-scale magmatism,and the material exchange arising from the transformation from adakitic granites to arc granites and from the ancient lower crust to the juvenile lower crust during the Early Cretaceous provided abundant fluids and material sources for mineralization.Moreover,the detachment faults formed by the rapid magmatic uplift and the extensional tectonism created favorable temperature and pressure conditions and space for fluid accumulation and gold precipitation and mineralization.

Geochemical characteristics and genetic type of a lithium ore (mineralized) body in the central Yunnan Province, China

Lithium ore (mineralized) bodies in the area A of central Yunnan Province belong to a sedimentary-type, which are controlled by stratum. The studied ore (mineralized) body mainly occurs in the Middle Permian Liangshan Formation. This work described the morphology, structures, main ore types and geochemical characteristics of this ore body in detail, and discussed the ore-forming material source, occurrence state of lithium and the formation mechanism of lithium ores to clarify the prospecting marks. In the further exploration, comprehensive evaluation of the lithium resources of known bauxite ore bodies in central Yunnan Province should be strengthened, and the exploration of hidden lithium ore bodies should be intensified in order to discover more large and super-large lithium orebodies, which will fill the gap of the national demand for lithium resources, and promote the national defense construction and new energy industry development.

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Silver Deposits in China

China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China＇s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type（including vein type and stratabound type）,sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of ＂Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China＂ and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China.

CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC EVOLUTION OF AILAOSHAN GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTS IN YUNNAN, CHINA

Observations made in different superlarge\|large gold deposits in Ailaoshan gold metallogenic belts, Yunnan Province, China, on the eastern margin of the Qingzang (Himalayas—Karakoram—Tibet) were investigated. Geotectonically, the study area is situated in the conjoint between the Tethys and Himalayas tectonic domain, characterized by very complex geological structure, with strongly influenced by the Himalayas in late development.1\ Regional geology and gold deposits\;Ailaoshan gold metallogenic belts is localized between Ailaoshan super lithospheric faults and Jiujia—Anding brittle\|ductile shear zone, with NNW\|trending about 250km long. To southward, Zhenyuan supergiant gold deposits, Mojiang large gold deposits, and Daping giant gold deposits hosted in low metamorphic volcanic\|sedimentary rocks (D—C). Ore types include gold\|bearing quartz veins, gold\|bearing altered rocks, and the mixing of the two types. Most of gold orebodies took their positions in the substructures of the brittle\|ductile shear zone.

四川盆地北部砂岩型铀矿岩石学特征及矿床成因研究

【研究目的】铀资源是中国重要的战略资源和能源矿产,为更好地勘探和开发四川盆地北部砂岩型铀矿,有必要深入了解其地质特征和成矿模式。【研究方法】本文通过野外调查、岩矿鉴定和地球化学分析研究了砂岩型铀矿的岩石学特征,分析了其成矿过程。【研究结果】含矿主岩主要为下白垩统苍溪组钙质胶结中—细粒砂岩和砾岩。铀以自生铀矿物的形式存在,铀矿物主要为铀石,呈他形、半自形和自形柱状。【结论】米仓山铁船山组变质酸性火山岩和花岗岩为盆地砂岩型铀矿的形成提供了初始铀源。铀在水溶液中以碳酸铀酰离子的形式迁移,富含有机质和黄铁矿的沼泽和停滞水还原环境破坏了碳酸铀酰离子,使铀元素以沉积成岩为主局部叠加后生富集作用成矿。

河南银洞坡金矿“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型及应用示范

河南银洞坡金矿位于河南省桐柏县朱庄镇,为一特大型金矿床,同体共生银、铅锌。运用勘查区找矿预测方法与理论,构建成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主的“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。野外调查和矿床学研究认为,矿床成因为与早白垩世岩浆作用有关的中低温岩浆热液矿床,主成矿阶段温度介于200~350℃之间,碳、氢、氧、硫同位素研究表明,成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。确定成矿地质体为矿区深部隐伏早白垩世花岗岩体;成矿结构面为岩性界面(硅/钙面)、褶皱成矿构造系统结构面、沉积成岩结构面;成矿作用特征标志主要为矽卡岩化、钾化、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化、铁白云石化、萤石矿化、碳酸盐化。由此建立了银洞坡金矿找矿预测地质模型,圈定了找矿靶区,施工的钻孔见矿率达到85%,对该地区及邻区进一步找矿具有现实的指导意义。

南郑区新集镇打磨沟建筑石料用白云岩矿床地质特征及成因研究

陕西省境内白云岩矿产资源储量丰富且矿种品类齐全,其中以建筑石料用白云岩、碱性熔剂和耐火材料用白云岩矿种居多。本文研究了陕西省南郑区新集镇打磨沟建筑石料用白云岩矿床的矿体特征和矿床成因,总结了找矿标志。研究结果表明:南郑区新集镇打磨沟白云岩矿床成矿规模较大,为浅海碳酸盐台地相沉积型白云岩矿床;其质量总体能满足建筑石料物理性能及化学成分Ⅱ级品的一般要求。研究结果可为本地区今后的建筑石料用白云岩矿的地质找矿提供参考。

湖相沉积黏土型锂矿主要地质特征及成因

锂是重要的战略性新能源矿产,主要有卤水型、硬岩型和沉积黏土型3种类型。前两者已有大量开采。现阶段具有开发利用前景的沉积黏土型锂矿主要产于湖相盆地中,其产出规模大、层位浅、矿体分布稳定、厚度大、品位高,具有重要的地质意义和潜在的经济价值。现已发现的湖相沉积黏土型锂矿床主要分布在北美洲、欧洲和中国。该类型矿床赋矿沉积岩的沉积特征、锂的赋存状态、成矿物质来源、成矿环境与成矿机理等研究目前还较薄弱。本文主要介绍全球主要湖相沉积黏土型锂矿的地质特征、赋矿矿物特征和成矿规律,并对国内外湖相沉积黏土型锂资源的成矿作用机理进行综合分析。湖相沉积黏土型锂矿床中锂主要赋存于蒙脱石、伊利石等黏土矿物中,个别为独立含锂矿物贾达尔石。锂的主要物质来源及成矿方式有多种,包括喷发至湖盆中的富锂火山岩(特别是火山灰地层)、深部富锂岩浆热液运移至湖相盆地中并与沉积黏土水岩反应形成,或者通过富锂盐湖卤水与围岩黏土岩的相互作用使得锂吸附在黏土矿物中。全球湖相沉积锂成矿作用的差异主要是成矿物源区和沉积环境的差异所致。

西藏琼嘉岗伟晶岩型锂矿矿物包裹体形成过程及其对熔-流体特征的指示

西藏琼嘉岗伟晶岩型锂矿是喜马拉雅地区发现的首例具有工业价值的伟晶岩型锂矿床,该矿床的发现证实了喜马拉雅地区具有成为我国稀有金属战略基地的潜力,也为喜马拉雅地区寻找伟晶岩型锂矿床提供了指示意义。本研究主要针对琼嘉岗锂矿花岗岩和伟晶岩中三种主要副矿物独居石、磷灰石和锆石中的矿物包裹体进行扫描电镜分析,确定矿物包裹体种类、频率以及产状(与裂隙关系),结合磷灰石中长石包裹体电子探针分析,综合指示琼嘉岗锂矿熔-流体性质及演化过程。研究表明:(1)琼嘉岗锂矿独居石、磷灰石和锆石中主要发育硅酸盐、氧化物、磷酸盐以及少量硫化物包裹体,其中填充裂隙和穿切裂隙的富稀土矿物独居石和磷灰石包裹体均由热液蚀变形成,而锆石放射性损伤强烈的区域中发育的远离裂隙的晶质铀矿和方钍石包裹体的形成也和流体作用相关;(2)电气石白云母花岗岩的磷灰石中发育钶钽铁矿以及烧绿石包裹体表明早期花岗岩岩浆富集铌和钽,稀有金属包裹体的数量以及类型也对高演化的花岗岩和伟晶岩是否具有稀有金属成矿潜力以及矿化类型具有一定指示意义;(3)锂辉石伟晶岩磷灰石中发育异常高且变化大的An值的斜长石包裹体,它们分别记录了磷灰石在结晶时对早期富钙熔体的捕获以及熔体的分异过程。本文的研究结果还表明副矿物中矿物包裹体的种类以及元素组成可以为高演化花岗岩-伟晶岩体系的熔-流体特征及演化提供指示意义。

宁陕县某金矿地质特征及富集规律

宁陕县某金矿地处秦岭中段南坡山地,金矿体主要赋存在燕山期NE-NNE向破碎蚀变带内的破碎蚀变岩及石英脉体中。目前,该矿正处于勘查阶段,只进行了基本的地质工作,研究程度较低。本文采用激电中梯测量和1:10000土壤化学测量圈定矿体后,通过钻探验证、槽探揭露、地质测量、取样分析等工作,查明金矿地质特征,分析成矿地质条件和矿床形成机制,概括矿物富集规律和找矿标志,为后期外围探矿和深部找矿提供真实可靠的理论依据。

镜铁山周边铁矿地质特征对比研究

本文通过镜铁山周边20处铁矿地质特征的对比研究,将镜铁山周边铁矿归为6大类,分别是“桦树沟式”铁矿、“小柳沟式”铁矿、“刃岗沟式”铁矿、“卡瓦式”、“沙龙式”铁矿和“朱龙关式”铁矿。其中“桦树沟式”铁矿、“小柳沟式”铁矿和“刃岗沟式”铁矿工业利用性能评价较好,“沙龙式”铁矿次之,“朱龙关式”最差,“卡瓦式”铁矿工业利用评价有待进一步评价。

白云鄂博主、东矿三个剖面地球化学特征及其研究意义

近年来关于白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe矿床H8岩体火成水成归属的争论已渐息,而矿床成矿过程以及REE富集机制仍是学术界关注的热点。文章对白云鄂博矿床白云石碳酸岩体、霓长岩化蚀变带、尖山组板岩3个典型剖面开展系统的岩石地球化学工作,发现赋矿碳酸岩、霓长岩、铁矿石微量与稀土元素配分模式具有相似性,靠近H8岩体的尖山组板岩往往有着更高的稀土元素含量,以及与成矿碳酸岩相近的微量元素配分模式。区内各类岩石单元稀土元素分馏明显,全岩La_(N)/Nd_(N)比值的变化规律显示,H8岩体内部比边缘更富La,边缘比岩体内部更富Nd。通过岩(矿)石薄片BSE图像结合矿物电子探针分析显示,H8岩体内的稀土元素矿物(主要是独居石、氟碳铈矿等)可分为2组,一组相对富La,呈半自形-他形,星点状分布;另一组相对富Nd,呈他形细粒,脉状分布。两组矿物中不同元素的富集特征可能代表了结晶过程中流体环境的改变。上述实验结合地质勘查结果表明,白云鄂博矿床初始成矿物质的起源与H8碳酸岩一致,均来源于中元古代碳酸岩岩浆活动,而不同类型的稀土元素矿物对应了白云岩成岩阶段与萤石矿化阶段两个不同的稀土矿化阶段。

辽宁新房金矿床原生晕地球化学特征及对深部找矿的指示

辽东半岛南部的新房金矿床由22、23、24、25、27号5条矿脉带组成,矿区内主要矿体已被发现,提能增储成为制约矿山持续服务的因素,矿床勘查过程中的钻探工程部署迫切需要科学、有效的成矿预测依据。以新房金矿床106线14个钻孔原生晕数据为研究对象,研究地球化学特征和元素分带规律,建立轴向分带序列,在研究原生晕地球化学特征基础上开展深部找矿预测。结果表明,新房金矿的前缘晕元素为As、Sb、Hg,近矿晕元素为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn,尾晕元素为W、Mo、Bi。采用分带指数法计算了22、23、24、25、27号5条矿脉带的轴向分带序列,指示5条矿脉带均出现“反分带”现象,可能是不同矿化阶段的矿体在空间上叠加导致正常的轴向分带序列出现错位。22、23、24、27号矿脉带的中下部出现较强的前缘晕和近矿晕,结合地球化学参数特征,这4条矿脉带的As/W、As/Mo、Sb/W、(As×Sb)/(Mo×W)评价指标出现多次振荡波动,并且在深部由降转升,指示深部有较好的找矿潜力。综合以上分析认为,新房金矿床经历多次成矿热液活动,在106勘探线东侧矿体还有一定的延伸。

捷克波西米亚盆地斯特拉砂岩型铀矿床成矿特征及成矿模式

【研究目的 】捷克波西米亚盆地斯特拉地区是著名的铀成矿区,区内砂岩型铀矿床的成矿作用复杂,厘定其成矿特征和成矿模式对于完善砂岩型铀矿成矿理论研究、对中国同类型矿床找矿勘查具有重要借鉴意义。【研究方法 】本文在总结前人对斯特拉地区砂岩铀矿床地质特征和成矿条件的基础上,对其铀源、成矿阶段以及矿床成因进行综合研究并对中国松辽盆地同类砂岩型铀矿进行了对比研究。【研究结果 】斯特拉矿床根据其矿物组合特征可划分为6个成矿阶段,分别是炭质-伊利石阶段、赤铁矿-高岭土阶段、铀富集阶段、多金属成矿阶段、褐铁矿化阶段以及赤铁矿-石英阶段。通过研究认为,出露于盆地东北部的元古代和古生代的黑云母花岗闪长岩和斑状黑云母花岗岩较低的Th/U值表明,这两类岩石中部分铀以活性铀形式存在,是成矿潜在的铀源。斯特拉矿床是以白垩系富铀沉积层位为基础,在其上叠加了早阿尔卑斯期岩浆热液作用,后因地壳缓慢上升,导致铀重新活化,进一步在盆地内层间氧化带局部叠加铀成矿作用,形成板状、脉状、卷状3种铀矿体共存的砂岩型铀矿床。【结论 】本文提出了成矿模式:斯特拉地区砂岩型铀矿床属于多铀源—以盆地基底原始铀源为主、多阶段大地构造控矿—以早阿尔卑斯期(~70 Ma)造山运动为主、多成因复合成矿—以早阿尔卑斯期岩浆热液叠加成矿为主的“三多三主”复合成因砂岩型铀矿床。

山西省吕梁山黄圈塔铅锌矿地质特征及找矿方向

黄圈塔铅锌矿位于吕梁碳酸盐台地的柳林背斜北翼,铅锌矿体主要赋存于下奥陶统三山子组和中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩中,蚀变和铅锌矿化产于NW向断裂破碎带中。通过对该矿床地质特征、地球物理特征、地球化学特征、矿化蚀变特征的综合研究表明,铅锌矿体主要赋存于NW走向的F1断层破碎带中,矿化以裂隙交代充填型为主,次为蚀变岩型;目前控制有2条铅锌矿体,其中以2号矿体为主,激电测深剖面显示极化率异常向下未封闭,指示深部(埋深150 m)存在极化地质体;勘查区地表未发现与成矿有关的火成岩;矿化成分较为简单,金属矿物主要是方铅矿、闪锌矿,脉石矿物为方解石、白云石,围岩蚀变为中低温矿物组合;矿床成因类型应属中低温热液型铅锌矿床。基于激电测深剖面资料,有必要进一步开展矿区深部找矿工作。

贵州某卡林型金矿的载金矿物特征及金赋存状态

为合理制定提金工艺及高效回收金,采用光学显微镜下鉴定,结合化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及电子探针X射线显微分析(EPMA)等手段,研究了贵州某卡林型金矿的载金矿物特征及金赋存状态。结果表明,矿石含金4.30 g/t,w(S)、w(As)分别为2.97%和0.35%。S、As主要以-1价态存在,说明矿石为原生金矿。矿石主要为粒状、草莓状、生物假象、交代和条带状结构,矿石中主要硫化物为含砷黄铁矿和毒砂,主要脉石矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物和绢云母等。含砷黄铁矿多与石英和碳酸盐矿物连生,少数被隐晶质石英和炭泥质包裹,部分呈环带或弯曲状生物遗迹特征。94.88%的金以包裹金形式存在,含砷黄铁矿为主要载金矿物,其中金分布率为75.81%。不同形态的含砷黄铁矿中Au含量高低为:细粒状>生物碎屑状>草莓状>粗粒状,Au-S、Au-As之间均无正相关性。含砷黄铁矿中均赋存有晶格金和纳米金颗粒,金整体呈不均匀稀疏浸染状分布。研究结果可为贵州及其它地区卡林型金矿预处理-浸金工艺的制定提供理论指导,有效氧化或破坏载金含砷黄铁矿和石英包裹体及防止预处理过程中金的二次包裹有利于提高金回收率。