不同形貌CaO_(2)的制备及其降解水中结晶紫的研究

为探究不同形貌过氧化钙对染料降解去除效果的差异性,采用钙盐法在不同条件下制备不同形貌的过氧化钙,并将其用于处理结晶紫模拟的染料废水。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱对制得的过氧化钙进行了形貌表征,证明合成了四方晶状过氧化钙和球状纳米过氧化钙,并考察了两种过氧化钙在不同条件下对模拟染料废水中结晶紫的去除效果。结果表明,在模拟染料废水初始pH为6.0,结晶紫初始浓度为10 mg/L,四方晶状过氧化钙投加量为18.0 mg,球型纳米过氧化钙投加量为30.0 mg时,结晶紫的去除率分别可以达到94.14%和85.49%。准一级动力学方程可以描述两种过氧化钙对结晶紫的降解机制,球状纳米过氧化钙对结晶紫的降解过程与准一级动力学模型的吻合度更高。

Lipid Production,Oxidative Status,Antioxidant Enzymes and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Coccomyxa chodatii SAG 216-2 in Response to Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles

The extensive use of nanoparticles(NPs)in diverse applications causes their localization to aquatic habitats,affecting the metabolic products of primary producers in aquatic ecosystems,such as algae.Synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles(CaO NPs)are of the scarcely studied NPs.Thus,the current work proposed that the exposure to CaO NPs may instigate metabolic pathway to be higher than that of normally growing algae,and positively stimulate algal biomass.In this respect,this research was undertaken to study the exposure effect of CaO NPs(0,20,40,60,80,and 100μg mL^(−1))on the growth,photosynthesis,respiration,oxidative stress,antioxidants,and lipid production of the microalga Coccomyxa chodatii SAG 216-2.The results showed that the algal growth concomitant with chlorophyll content,photosynthesis,and calcium content increased in response to CaO NPs.The contents of biomolecules such as proteins,amino acids,and carbohydrates were also promoted by CaO NPs with variant degrees.Furthermore,lipid production was enhanced by the applied nanoparticles.CaO NPs induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide,while lipid peroxidation was reduced,revealing no oxidative behavior of the applied nanoparticles on alga.Also,CaO NPs have a triggering effect on the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,catalase,ascorbate peroxidase,and guaiacol peroxidase.The results recommended the importance of the level of 60μg mL^(−1) CaO NPs on lipid production(with increasing percentage of 65%compared to control)and the highest dry matter acquisition of C.chodatii.This study recommended the feasibility of an integrated treatment strategy of CaO NPs in augmenting biomass,metabolic up-regulations,and lipid accumulation in C.chodatii.

纳米CaCO_(3)与碳粉低热固固耦合原位制备纳米CaO和CO

高温条件下固相CaO可直接与CO_(2)反应生成CaCO_(3),CO_(2)捕集率达78.57%(质量分数),是解决碳排放的高效手段。钙循环技术中如何降低CaCO_(3)分解温度、CaO再生和CO_(2)利用是关键问题。研究通过纳米CaCO_(3)和碳粉的低热固固耦合反应同时实现纳米CaO再生和CO_(2)原位转化为CO,使纳米CaCO_(3)分解温度下降46℃,分解速率提高约50%,再生的多孔纳米CaO粒径小而均匀,可再次捕集CO_(2)实现钙循环利用,由CO_(2)转化的CO可应用于工业合成气。纳米CaCO_(3)和碳粉具有原料来源广泛、价格低廉、安全性高、运输便捷等优点,该低热固固耦合反应在低成本前提下具有提高CO_(2)捕集和利用效率的潜力。

表面活性剂对CaO_(2)修复石油烃污染土壤的影响研究

将合成的纳米级过氧化钙(nCaO_(2))用于石油烃污染土壤修复,研究过氧化钙(CaO_(2))、柠檬酸(CA)螯合二价铁(Fe(Ⅱ))投加量对石油烃去除效果的影响,并将不同表面活性剂对石油烃氧化的影响进行比较。结果表明,随着CaO_(2)或CA螯合Fe(Ⅱ)的投加量增大,石油烃去除率均呈先增后降趋势。当n(CaO_(2)):n(Fe(Ⅱ)):n(CA)为4:1:1时,石油烃去除效果最佳,达到70.98%。十二烷基硫酸钠和曲拉通X-100对土壤中石油烃均有较好的增溶效果。质量浓度为3g/L的十二烷基硫酸钠对石油烃的降解可起促进作用,而曲拉通X-100则不利于石油烃的降解。

NiO-CaO materials as promising catalysts for hydrogen production through carbon dioxide capture and subsequent dry methane reforming

In this work, CaO-NiO mixed oxide powders were evaluated as consecutive CO;chemisorbents and catalytic materials for hydrogen production thought the CH;reforming process. Between the NiO impregnated CaO and CaO-NiO mechanical composite, the first one presented better chemical behaviors during the CO;capture and CH;reforming processes, obtaining syngas（H;+ CO） as final product. Results showed that syngas was produced at two different temperature ranges, between 400 and 600 °C and at T > 800 °C, where the first temperature range corresponds to the CH;reforming process but the second temperature range was attributed to a different catalytic reaction process: CH;partial oxidation. These results were confirmed through different isothermal and cyclic experiments as well as by XRD analysis of the final catalytic products, where the nickel reduction was evidenced. Moreover, when a CO-O;flow was used during the carbonation process a triple process was achieved:（i） CO oxidation,（ii） CO;chemisorption and（iii） CH;reforming. Using this gas flow the hydrogen production was always higher than that obtained with CO;.

The role of nickel oxide additive in lowering the carbon dioxide sorption temperature of CaO

A new type of calcium-based regenerable carbon dioxide （CO_2） sorbent, CaO-NiO, was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The as synthesized CO_2 sorbent was in the form of nanoparticles. The CO_2 sorption temperature and capacity of the sorbent were examined using thermogravi- metric analysis （TGA）. The CaO-NiO sorbent is able to capture CO_2 at a lower sorption temperature （465 ℃） than pure calcium oxide （CaO） （600 ℃）. The role of NiO in the CaO-NiO sorbent in lowering the CO_2 sorption temperature was also investigated. The sorbent was char- acterized by X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, N_2 adsorption-desorption analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. CaO and NiO were found to coexist in the sorbent. Neither solid solution nor mixed metal oxide was formed. NiO did not react with CO_2 in the sorption process; but it worked like a catalyst to promote the CaO carbonation reaction. It is suggested that this new CaO-NiO sorbent may have a promising application as an effective CO_2 sorbent with lower energy consumption.

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO-Al2O3-Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO-Al2O3-Na2O system during the hightemperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC-TG,XRD,SEM-EDS,FTIR,and Raman spectra,and the crystal structure of Na4Ca3(AlO2)10 was also simulated by Material Studio software.The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na4Ca3(AlO2)10,CaO·Al2O3,and 12 CaO·7 Al2O3,and the content of Na4Ca3(AlO2)10 could reach 92 wt%when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min.The main formation stage of Na4Ca3(AlO2)10 occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C,and the content could reach82 wt%when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C.The crystal system of Na4Ca3(AlO2)10 was tetragonal,and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes(110)and(210).The formation of Na4Ca3(AlO2)10 was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model,and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.

Effect of Barium Oxide on the Formation and Coexistence of Tricalcium Silicate and Calcium Sulphoaluminate

Formation and coexistence of tricalciurn silicate （C3S） and calcium sulphoaluminate （ C4 A3S^- ） minerals in Portland cement clinker containing calcium sulphoaluminate were investigated. Thef-CaO content, mineral composite and formation of mineral in the clinker were analyzed respectively by chemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and X-ray diffraction. The results show that, adding a suitable amount of BaO can improve the burnability of raw meal and promote the f-CaO absorption. Tricalcium silicate and calcium sulphoaluminate minerals can form and coexist in clinkers at 1 234-1 317 ℃ by the addition of BaO to the raw meal. A suitable amount of BaO expanded the coexistence temperature of two minerals by 58 ℃.

Simultaneous CO_(2) capture and thermochemical heat storage by modified carbide slag in coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 cycles

The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat storage using air as the heat transfer fluid.The modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel exhibits superior CO_(2) capture and heat storage capacities in the coupled calcium looping and heat storage cycles.The hydration conversion and heat storage density of the modified carbide slag after 30 heat storage cycles are 0.65 mol·mol^(-1) and 1.14 GJ·t^(-1),respectively,which are 1.6 times as high as those of calcined carbide slag.The negative effect of CO_(2) in air as the heat storage fluid on the heat storage capacity of the modified carbide slag is overcome by introducing CO_(2) capture cycles.In addition,the CO_(2) capture reactivity of the modified carbide slag after the multiple calcium looping cycles is enhanced by the introduction of heat storage cycles.By introducing 10 heat storage cycles after the 10th and 15th CO_(2) capture cycles,the CO_(2) capture capacities of the modified carbide slag are subsequently improved by 32%and 43%,respectively.The porous and loose structure of modified carbide slag reduces the diffusion resistances of CO_(2) and steam in the material in the coupled process.The formed CaCO_(3)in the modified carbide slag as a result of air as the heat transfer fluid in heat storage cycles decomposes to regenerate CaO in calcium looping cycles,which improves heat storage capacity.Therefore,the modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel seems promising in the coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)_(2) heat storage cycles.

Styrene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide over calcium oxide catalysts prepared from various precursors

A series of CaO samples were prepared by calcination of commercially available and synthesis of calcium salt precursors such as calcium acetate, carbonate, hydroxide and oxalate etc. CaO samples were found to be effective for the epoxidation of styrene using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in the presence of acetonitrile. To determine the influence of the physicochemical properties and surface basicity on the catalytic activity, the prepared CaO samples were characterized using thermogravimetry （TG）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2-adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 （CO2-TPD）. The results indicate that the amounts of very strong basic sites and high basicity strength on CaO sample are key factors for its excellent catalytic performance. In contrast, the surface area, porosity and the surface structure of CaO sample have a relatively minor effect on the catalytic activity. CaO sample, obtained by the decomposition of Ca（OH）2, prepared by precipitating calcium nitrate with sodium hydroxide in ethylene glycol solution, exhibits the highest amount of very strong basic sites and stronger strength of basic sites, and therefore it catalyses the epoxidation of styrene with the highest rate among the tested CaO samples. Under the selected reaction conditions, the selectivity of 97.5% to styrene oxide at a conversion in excess of 99% could be obtained.

Role of barium nitrate on the sulfur fixation of calcium oxide

In this paper, the effect of Ba(NO 3) 2 on the efficiency of sulfur fixation of calcium oxide during coal combustion was studied. The results showed that addition of barium nitrate to the CaO can enhance the sulfur removal rate of CaO significantly. The X \|ray diffraction spectrum of residual ash of coal added some sulfur fixative expressed that Ba\+\{2+\} can form a compound of Ba\|Al\|Si\|O which encloses the CaSO\-4 to prevent it's decomposition, so Ba\+\{2+\} can improve the action of sulfur fixation of CaO. The combustion character of the original coal and original coal added sulfur fixative was researched with thermal\|gravity analyzer and the results expressed that adding some sulfur fixative to the coal will make the combustion character of coal change little.

Effect of Calcium Oxide Additive on the Performance of Iron Oxide Sorbent for High-Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization

The effect of calcium oxide additive in iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization was investigated by XRD and TPR techniques.XRD characterization showed that CaO was highly dispersed after the calcination of sorbents.Calcium sulfate formed in the desulfurization was decomposed and regenerated to CaO by reacting with CO before the next sulfidation process.Calcium participated in every sulfidation/regeneration cycle and contributed to the enhancement of sulfur capacity.The TPR results showed that the reduction temperature of the sorbent increased with the increase of the content of calcium.Calcium played a role of retarding reduction.Therefore,the addition of calcium oxide additive will benefit the utilization of iron oxide sorbent in strongly reducing atmospheres.

Production of Bio-Calcium Oxide Derived from Hatchery Eggshell Waste Using an Industrial-Scale Car Bottom Furnace

The valorization of eggshell waste as bio-calcium oxide is crucial for pollution prevention and supporting sustainable development.There are several reports on the thermal conversion of eggshell waste to calcium oxide for the partial or complete substitution of natural lime applications.However,this paper reports the thermal decomposition of large amounts of hatchery eggshell waste on an industrial-scale car bottom furnace for the first time.The hatchery eggshell waste was sundried and placed into five stacked trays in the car bottom furnace.The calcination of the eggshell waste was conducted at 900℃ for 3 and 4 h under an atmosphere of air.Both the physical and chemical properties of the eggshell samples and the bio-quicklime products were carefully examined by TGA,SEM,XRD,FTIR,and XRF.The results demonstrate that the purity of calcium oxide in the quicklime products increased from 79%to 87%upon increasing the calcination time from 3 to 4 h.However,the color of the calcined eggshell samples at the surface of the pile was white while the color of the product beneath the surface was black or dark gray.The purity of the calcium oxide of both the black and white calcined samples was 76.4%and 91.5%,respectively.These results indicate the limited efficacy of the car bottom furnace for thermal decomposition of the large amount of eggshell waste to calcium oxide.Additionally,the production cost of bio-calcium oxide is approximately twice the cost of industrial grade lime.For further industrial applications,the furnace should contain the mixing equipment for improving the thermal decomposition of the large pile of eggshell waste.Furthermore,the oil burner system may be used in order to reduce fuel costs.

Effect of Strong Basic Oxide（ Li2O,Na2O,K2O and BaO）on Property of CaO-Based Flux

It is found that strong basic oxides including Li2O,Na2O,K2O and BaO,which are used to replace a part of CaO in CaO-based fluxes,can lower the melting point and the viscosity and enhance the dephosphorizing ability. The mechanism was analysed and the addition of Li2O to CaO based fluxes was recommended.

CaO活化过硫酸盐对土壤中五氯酚的去除研究

文章研究了CaO对过硫酸盐(PS)处理五氯酚(PCP)污染土壤的促进作用。结果表明,提高PS浓度和CaO添加量可促进CaO/PS体系中PCP的去除,而随着液固比的增加,PCP的去除效果呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势。CaO水解可提供OH-,同时释放热量,但其对土壤体系的温度提升程度与液固比成反比,相较于其实现的热活化氧化能力,传质过程的抑制对PCP氧化去除的影响更大。响应曲面优化分析结果表明,PS剂量、CaO添加量和液固比均对土壤中PCP去除具有显著影响,三因素对PCP去除的影响程度次序为PS剂量>CaO添加量>液固比。研究结果可为五氯酚污染场地修复处理的实际工程应用提供理论指导。

Cross-talk between calcium-calmodulin and nitric oxide in abscisic acid signaling in leaves of maize plants

用药理学和生物化学的途径，在过氧化氢( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ))之间的发信号的小径，钙( Ca (2+)) -calmodulin (凸轮)，并且氮的氧化物(没有)在 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物)，导致的抗氧化剂防卫在玉米( Zea mays L.)的叶子被调查植物。有骆驼毛的织物， H (2 ) O (2 ) ，和 CaCl (2 ) 的处理在产生导致了增加不，在玉米叶肉房间和氮的氧化物的活动，在 cytosolic 和玉米的 microsomal 部分的 synthase (NOS ) 离开。然而，如此的增加被预告的处理与 Ca (2+) 禁止者和凸轮对手堵住。同时， Ca (2+)导致了的有也压制的二个 NOS 禁止者的预告的处理在另一方面在号码的生产增加，有骆驼毛的织物和 NO 施主钠 nitroprusside ( SNP )的处理也在叶肉房间的原物并且在 calmodulin 的表示在 cytosolic Ca (2+)的集中导致了增加 1 ( CaM1 )基因和在玉米的叶子的凸轮的内容种，并且骆驼毛的织物导致的增加被预告的处理减少与一没有 scavenger 和一个 NOS 禁止者。而且，抗氧化剂基因的表示的 导致SNP 的增加超级氧化物 dismutase 4 ( SOD4 )， cytosolic ascorbate 过氧化物酶(帽子 X )，并且谷胱甘肽 reductase 1 ( GR1 )并且 chloroplastic 和 cytosolic 抗氧化剂酶的活动被预告的处理与 Ca (2+)禁止者和凸轮对手逮捕。我们的结果建议那个 Ca (2+) 凸轮没有生产在上游、下游的功能，主要来自 NOS，导致骆驼毛的织物并且 H (2 ) O (2 ) 在玉米植物的叶子导致了抗氧化剂防卫。

Optimization of Lab-Scale Preparation of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed Oil Using Modified Calcium Oxide as Catalyst

Statistical analysis of product yield for biodiesel preparation by transesterification process was performed using the Minitab software. A standard RSM Design tool known as CCD was applied to study the transesterification reaction variables. The obtained parameters were verified experimentally for the transesterification reaction of rubber seed oil using solid metal oxide catalyst. The factors affecting the methyl ester yield during transesterification reaction were identified as the catalyst content, molar ratio of oil to alcohol and reaction time. High methyl ester yield and fast reaction rate could be obtained even if reaction temperature was relatively low, which is quite favorable to the industrial production of biodiesel from the rubber seed oil. 98.54% of methyl ester was formed from the transesterification of RSO with methanol. R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line. It is also known as the coefficient of determination, or the coefficient of multiple determination for multiple regression. In this study, an R2 value of 0.98 is obtained.

Fermentation Characteristics of Silage of Sugar Cane Treated with Calcium Oxide,Lactobacillus buchneri and Their Associations

We evaluated the fermentation products, the gaseous and effluent losses of sugarcane silages without calcium oxide (CaO) or with CaO addition, at the levels of zero, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, in association with the microbial additive Lactobacillus buchneri inoculated at the levels of zero, 50.000, 100.000 e 150.000 ufc/g of sugarcane, wet bases. The variety RB855536, harvested after 12 months of first growth was used. The experiment design was the completely randomized design, in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. They were evaluated in the silages, the contents of volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, ethanol, and the pH, as well as the gaseous and effluent losses. In the analysis of the data, the SAS system was utilized. It was observed on interaction effect of the chemical and microbial additive over the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ethanol and over the gaseous and effluents losses. However, there was no interaction effect regarding to pH. When it was observed on interaction effect of additives, the effects of the levels of one additive were evaluated by regression analysis in each level of each other, and vice-versa. The level 1.6% of CaO associated to the level 50,000 ufc/g of natural matter of Lactobacillus buchneri provided adequate levels of lactic acid (superior to 4.5%), and of acetic acid (around 1%), moderate content of propionic acid (0.55%), low content of butyric acid (0.05%) and controlled the production of ethanol and the gaseous and effluent losses. The pH of the silages were influenced by CaO addition, but were not affected consistently by microbial inoculation.

CaO调质含油污泥干燥特性及数学模型

热干化技术是一种污泥预处理技术,为提高干燥效率,降低能耗,向含油污泥中添加CaO,观察微观结构变化,分析温度和添加剂CaO对含油污泥干燥特性的影响,建立CaO调质含油污泥的干燥模型。结果表明:添加的CaO集中于含油污泥孔隙结构内,使含油污泥孔道结构增加,水分更容易从孔道中析出;水分蒸发主要集中在快干阶段,干燥温度100℃能最大限度保留CaO调质含油污泥中有机物质;添加CaO后总干燥时间显著降低,CaO最佳添加比例为10%~12%;Page模型可用于描述CaO调质含油污泥干燥过程,通过Fick第二定律得到有效水分扩散系数Deff为0.9581×10^(-8)~3.3395×10^(-8)m^(2)/s,在CaO含量10%时达到最大;综合考虑含油污泥干燥速率和经济效益,干燥温度100~120℃,CaO添加量10%~12%是CaO调质含油污泥干燥的最佳条件。

气吹脱沼液辅助CaO联合预处理增强玉米秸秆产甲烷性能

为了降低玉米秸秆碱预处理过程中药剂的成本,探究了气吹脱沼液辅助CaO(投加量3%、5%、6%和8%)联合预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷性能的影响,并与未气吹脱沼液辅助CaO预处理进行对比。结果表明,相比未气吹脱沼液辅助CaO和未预处理组,气吹脱沼液辅助CaO联合预处理组能获得最高的木质素降解率和累积甲烷产量,其中气吹脱沼液辅助8%CaO联合预处理组的累积甲烷产量达到209.24 mL/g VS,较未预处理组(124.27 mL/g VS)提高68.36%。工程经济分析表明,气吹脱1 h高温厌氧沼液辅助3%CaO联合预处理组能在最低CaO投加量下获得最高利润达533.47元/t秸秆,较未预处理组提高50.30%。