Blood Calcium as a Protective Factor against Traumatic Fracture

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the predictive value of blood calcium in the prognosis of traumatic fracture. Methods: A retrospective experimental design was employed, 112 cases (52 non-fracture and 60 traumatic fracture) were randomly selected. The type of fracture complies with WHO-recommended (2019) diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis combined with fracture. The blood pressure (BP) was measured by OMRON’s HEM-7136 model electronic blood pressure monitor. Blood calcium (Ca2+), and blood phosphorus (P) values were measured using Colorimetric Roche kits on a Roche/Hitachi fully automated biochemical analyzer. Data collection and analysis followed. Results: Higher levels of age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in the traumatic fracture group compared to the control group, whereas weight, height, and blood phosphorus did not differ significantly (P adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood phosphorus, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that blood calcium was a protective factor against traumatic fracture (β = -26.85, OR = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.00 -0.02, P = 0.022). Conclusion: The findings suggest that high and low blood calcium levels may serve as useful indicators in predicting the prognosis of fractures resulting from trauma.

Distinguishing of Abuse Drugs in Urine and Blood Samples of Abusers in Iran

In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.

Evaluation of Abuse Drugs and Clinical Laboratory Tests Variations in Whole Blood ＆ Urine Samples of Abusers

In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.

校正血钙对多发性骨髓瘤患者Durine-Salmon分期及肾功能的影响

目的:比较多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清钙校正前后对Durine-Salmon(DS)分期的影响,以及与血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)的关系。方法:回顾性分析天津市第三中心医院2004年6月至2010年7月确诊的63例MM患者初次入院时的临床病例资料及实验室检查结果,并根据MM的Durine-Salmon(DS)分期系统分别以校正前、后血钙值为基础比较DS分期,以及血清钙与肾功能损害的关系。结果:血钙校正前后对DS分期差异有统计学意义。血钙校正前对BUN的影响在低钙组和高钙组间差异显著,对Scr的影响在高钙-低钙组以及高钙-正常组间存在明显区别(P<0.05);血钙校正后对血BUN、Scr的影响在高钙组和正常组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:校正血钙对MM患者DS分期具有重要影响,并且与反映肾功能损伤的Scr、BUN有重要关系,从而对疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。

Altered Calcium Handling in Peripheral Nerve Terminals and Blood Vessels in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The present study was designed to clarify the roles of N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels in the increased sympathetic activity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/Izm). We also tested in SHR/Izm the contribution to increased vascular tone of α1A adrenoceptor-linked L-type calcium channels and α1B receptor-mediated calcium mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Methods: Six-week-old SHR/Izm and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm) were used. A superior mesenteric arterial preparation was electrically stimulated before and after treatment with ω-conotoxin GVIa (N-type calcium channel blocker [CgTX]) and ω-agatoxinIVa (P/Q-type calcium channel blocker [AgaTX]). Pressor response to norepinephrine was measured before and after treatment with the α1A blocker WB-4101 and the α1B blocker chloroethyl clonidine (CEC). To determine the intracellular calcium store size, the effects of ryanodine on pressor response and caffeine-induced vascular contraction were also tested. Results: Norepinephrine overflow evoked by electrical stimulation was increased in SHR/Izm. CgTX but not AgaTX suppressed the increased NE overflow in SHR/Izm. WB-4101 suppressed the pressor response to norepinephrine in SHR/Izm but not WKY/Izm rats. CEC had no effects on pressor response to norepinephrine in both types of rats. Caffeine-induced contraction to a high potassium-induced maximal contraction ratio was reduced in SHR/Izm. The effect of ryanodine on pressor response was reduced in SHR/Izm. Conclusion: N-type calcium channels but not P/Q-type calcium channels play an important role in the increased sympathetic tone in SHR/ Izm. Although α1A adrenoceptor-linked L-type calcium channels contribute to the increased vascular tone, the intracellular calcium store size was reduced in SHR/Izm.

Effect of Xuesaitong Combined with Autologous Platelet-rich Gel on Blood Glucose,AT-III,TNF-αand 24-h Urinary Protein Level in Patients with Diabetic Foot

[Objectives]To investigate the clinical effect of different doses of Xuesaitong combined with autologous platelet-rich gel(APG)on patients with diabetic foot(DF).[Methods]90 patients with diabetic foot admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled in the study.According to the random number table method,the subjects were divided into study group A and B and control group C.Group A was given a low dose of Xuesaitong combined with APG,while group B was given high-dose Xuesaitong combined with APG and group C was treated only with APG.Patients in the three groups were observed and the changes of related indexes were detected.[Results]After treatment,with regard to the three groups,the fasting blood glucose,2-h postprandial blood glucose level,HbA1c,TNF-α,Hcy,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr)and 24-h urine protein levels were all decreased,yet AT-III level was increased,and granulation tissue coverage and thickness,wound clearance rate were increased,while the repair time of ulcer surface was significantly reduced.The above indexes were all significantly different(P<0.05).Compared with the control group C,the changes of the indexes in the study group A and B were the same as above,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Compared with the study group A,the level of AT-III in group B was significantly increased(P<0.05),while TNF-α,Hcy,BUN,Cr and 24-h urine protein levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the other indexes between groups A and B(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Xuesaitong combined with APG could effectively reduce the blood sugar level of DF patients,improve the clinical indexes,promote wound healing,and the high-dose group had more significant advantages and was worthy of promotion.

Correlation analysis between urinary crystals and upper urinary calculi

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the correlation between urinary crystals and urinary calculi.MethodsClinical data, including urinary crystal types, were collected from 237 patients with urinary calculi. The detection rate of urine crystals and their correlation with stone composition were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cut-off value for predicting stone formation risk based on calcium oxalate crystals in urine.ResultsCalcium oxalate was the most common component in 237 patients. Among them, 201 (84.81%) patients had stones containing calcium oxalate. In these patients, calcium oxalate crystals were detected in 45.77% (92/201) of cases. In different groups of calcium oxalate stones, calcium oxalate crystals accounted for more than 90% of the total number of crystals detected in each group. The detection rate of calcium oxalate crystals was higher in first-time stone formers than in recurrent patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested a cut-off value of 110 crystals/μL for predicting stone formation, validated with 65 patients and 100 normal people.ConclusionCalcium oxalate crystals in urine can predict the composition of calcium oxalate stones and indicate a higher risk of stone formation when the number exceeds 110 crystals/μL. This non-invasive method may guide clinical treatment and prevention strategies.

Distribution of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood,serum,and urine of patients with liver cancer and associations with liver function biomarkers

Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases,with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample(26.7 ng/mL),followed by blood(10.7 ng/mL)and urine(5.02 ng/mL).Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients compared to non-HCC patients,with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples.Besides,significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age,gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function biomarkers levels.For example,PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females;Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI,while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)concentrations are negatively correlated with age.In addition,multiple regression models adjusted for age,gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS),perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid(PFHpS)and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid(PFHxPA)conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(p<0.05).Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.

Serum calcium,albumin,globulin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in acute cerebral infarction patients

BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic transformation(HT)is a common complication in patients with cerebral infarction.However,its pathogenesis is poorly understood.The knowledge of factors that may increase risk for HT may help in improving the safety of thrombolytic therapy.AIM To investigate the predictive value of serum calcium,albumin,globulin and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)levels for HT after intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)in patients with acute cerebral infarction.METHODS Five hundred patients with acute cerebral infarction who received IVT with alteplase within 4.5 h after the onset of disease between January 2018 and January 2021 at our hospital were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into groups based on computed tomography scan results of the brain made within 36 h after thrombolysis.Forty patients with HT were enrolled in an observation group and 460 patients without HT were enrolled in a control group.Serum calcium,albumin,globulin and MMP-9 levels were compared between the two groups.Regression analysis was used to discuss the relationship between these indices and HT.RESULTS The previous history of hypertension,diabetes,atrial fibrillation,cerebrovascular diseases,smoking and alcohol intake were not associated with HT after IVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction(all P>0.05).The National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NHISS)score was associated with HT after IVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction(P<0.05).The serum calcium and albumin levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05).The levels of globulin and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that NHISS score,serum calcium,albumin,globulins and MMP-9 were independent factors influencing the occurrence of HT following IVT in patients with cerebral infarction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Serum calcium,albumin,globulin and MMP-9 levels are risk factors for HT after IVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Moreover,NHISS score can be used as a predictor of post-thrombolytic HT.

Effects of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter on cerebral edema in a rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

The present study investigated the effects of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red and the agonist spermine on cerebral edema in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Left middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was induced in rats using the suture method. Following 24 hours of ischemic reperfusion, neurological function scores of rats with MCAO, and rats pretreated with ruthenium red and spermine were significantly lower, however, water content of brain tissue, aquaporin 4 expression and immunoglobulin G （IgG） exudation were significantly higher than those of sham-operated rats. Compared with MCAO rats and spermine-treated rats, neurological function scores were considerably higher, and brain tissue water content, aquaporin 4 expression and IgG exudation decreased in ruthenium red-treated rats. These findings suggest that preventive application of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red can significantly decrease aquaporin 4 and IgG expression, influence the permeability of the blood brain barrier, and thereby decrease the extent of cerebral edema.

Study on Effect of Gd (III) Speciation on Ca (II) Speciationin Human Blood Plasma by Computer Simulation

Ca (II) speciation and effect of Gd (III) speciation on Ca (II) speciation in human blood plasma were studied by computer simulation. [CaHCO3](-) is a predominant compound species of Ca (II). Gd (III) can compete with Ca (II) for biological molecules. The presence of Gd (III) results in a increase of concentration of free Ca (II) and a decrease of concentration of Ca (II) compounds.

Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) of central nervous system origin: a window into the brain

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are heterogeneous nano-sized vesicles of endocytic origin shed into blood and other body fluids such as urine,saliva,seminal fluid,ascites,amniotic liquid,synovial fluid,breast milk and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by quite all cell types.EVs actively contribute to intercellular communication as they carry bioactive molecules that are selectively incorporated by the originating cell and are delivered to recipient cells over long and short distances(Simons and Raposo,2009).EVs can be divided into three main groups according to their size and cellular origin:1)exosomes(40–120 nm),that have an endocytic origin and are formed by inward budding of the limiting membrane of multivescicular bodies,which fuse with the plasma membrane and release exosomes into the extracellular space;2)microvesicles(50–1000 nm),budding directly off the plasma membrane;3)apoptotic bodies(>1000 nm),which are released during apoptosis.Besides originating via distinct processes,different subtypes of EVs carry different proteins within their membrane and luminal compartments that reflect the phenotype of the tissue of origin.

High-Level Circulating Total Calcium and Low Phosphate as Predictors of Insulin Resistance among Non-Diabetic Taxi-Motorbike Drivers Living and Working in Cotonou, Benin

Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-recognized marker of increased cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Therefore, screening for IR predictors would help reduce the likelihood of progression from early stage of IR to T2D or CVDs. However, the knowledge of association between IR and circulating total calcium (CTCa) and phosphate levels among non-diabetic patients in Benin is lacking. We investigated whether CTCa and phosphate levels within the normal ranges are associated with IR risk among taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) living and working in Cotonou. We evaluated 134 non-diabetic TMDs (aged 22 - 59 years) based on CTCa, phosphate, glucose, fasting insulin, and IR levels. IR was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). IR was defined as the 75th percentile of HOMA-IR value. Cardiometabolic factors were analyzed by tertiles of CTCa and phosphate levels (low, middle, and high groups). Logistic regression models evaluated the relationships between IR and CTCa and phosphate levels. Our results showed that participants with high CTCa levels had the highest prevalence of IR, elevated total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In a fully adjusted model, the odd ratio (OR) of having IR comparing the highest (>2.50 mmol/L) to the lowest CTCa levels (1.23 mmol/L) and the lowest levels (<1.10 mmol/L) of phosphate was 0.28 (p = 0.037). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that elevated CTCa and low phosphate levels are significant predictors of IR in non-diabetic patients. Continuous monitoring of these markers may help identify earlier individuals at greatest IR risk.

Influence of Nutritional Factors on Blood Pressure of Farmers in Jiangsu Province

Dietacy surveys were done using a standardized 24-hour recall method and the timed overnight urine sodium,potassium and creatinine (standardized to 8 hours)were determined in a total of 178 farmers, aged 25 to 59 years,of Jiangsu province from Autumn 1984 to Spring 1985.A common food table was used to estimate nutrients intake.For each subject of the test group the relationship of nutritional factors and dietary electrolytes to blood pressure was studied by multiple regression analyses adjusted for age,sex, body mass index,hypertensive family history and alcohol intake habit. The results revealed a significant positive association of mean daily intake of fat and urine sodium cxcretion with systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Whereas the total energy(Kcal)intake is negatively associated with the systolic blood pressure.

Simultaneous Biparametric Determination of Total Calcium and Potassium in Biological Fluids by Flow Injection Analysis──Use of Powell＇s Method in the System Optimization

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Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Skin Blood Flow as an Indicator of Sympathetic Responses to Mental Stress in Hypertensive Patients

The aim of this study was to clarify the response of sympathetic activity to antihypertensive drugs using a mental stress test in hypertensive patients and to determine the effects of antihypertensive drugs on the sympathetic activitymediated hemodynamic response to mental stress. Hypertensive patients were divided into three groups according to the type of drug(s) being taken: a calcium antagonist group, an angiotensin II receptor blocker group, and a combination therapy group of calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptor blockers. The Stroop color-word conflict test was applied as a mental stress test and hemodynamic responses to mental stress were measured, including blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin blood flow. Elevation of blood pressure by mental stress was suppressed in the combination therapy group compared with the calcium antagonist group. Reduction of skin blood flow by mental stress was suppressed in both the angiotensin II blocker group and the combination therapy group compared with the calcium antagonist group. In conclusion, skin blood flow can be a useful tool to evaluate sympathetic activity and combination therapy with calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptor blockers were the most useful therapy for suppressing the hemodynamic response to mental stress.

Effect of PAHs on Routine Blood and Immunoglobulin Indices of Residents Living in Areas Polluted by Coking

Incomplete combustion of bituminous coal will produce a large number of coke oven emissions(COEs).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)account for the largest proportion of these COEs.PAHs enter the human body mainly through the respiratory tract,digestive tract,and skin[1],becoming hydroxyl PAHs(OH-PAHs)following their metabolism by the human body and are ultimately excreted mainly in urine.

Interactions of variants in the CACNA1C gene with smoking on blood pressure responses to potassium intervention:the GenSalt Study

Objective Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 C(CACNA1C)gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel.This subunit forms the pore through which calcium ions pass into the cell and plays an important role in regulating blood pressure.Smoking habit has been proven become the risk factor of hypertension.This study aimed to investigate the interaction of variants in CACNA1C gene with smoke in blood pressure(BP)responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention.

Study of Variation in Phosphocalcic Metabolism during Pregnancy and Postpartum in the Holstein Cow of Constantine Region

Pregnancy, parturition, and lactation represent physiological changes of organism, which activates adaptation mechanismsdedicated to maintain homeostasis during peripartum period. Despite of the appropriate input of calcium and phosphorus, thehomeostasis of phosphocalcic metabolism is sometimes faulty, in particular among animals with high production potential. The aim ofthis study is to define usual values of calcium and phosphorus during pregnancy and postpartum period. This paraclinic tool will serveto a good interpretation when used by veterinarians. A second goal is to study the influence of physiological stage on phosphocalcicmetabolism in milch cow. The hereby study was conducted on 17 Prim＇ Holsteins cow breed from 3 to 5 years old, clinically healthy,multiparous and derived from two dairy farms located in the wilaya of Constantine. Blood samples were taken from the jugular veinusing dry tubes at different physiological stages （early gestation, mid gestation, late gestation, pre-partum, one day after parturition, andone month postpartum）. All of the samples correctly identified were transported to a specialized laboratory where specific kits wereused. Blood calcium and phosphorus levels have significantly varied depending on physiological stage （p 〈 0.01）. They showed a highpre-partum variation, with a rate of 94.71 mg/mL and 61.99 mg/mL, respectively. These results can be used as means of follow-upreproduction for a better management of dairy fanning.

Clinical observation of Jiangzhi Hugan Recipe combined with rosuvastatin calcium tablets in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To investigate the influence of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on the related indexes and TCM syndrome scores of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: A total of 128 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who were admitted to our department from January 2017 to May 18, 2017 were enrolled in the study. According to the hospital admission record number, they were randomly divided into treatment groups (64 cases). and the control group (64 cases). The control group was treated with rosuvastatin calcium tablets. The treatment group was treated with Jiangzhi Fanggan Recipe on the basis of the control group. The treatment was performed for 10 d for a total of 3 courses. Comparison of liver function, blood lipids, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), iris (Irisin), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Liver/spleen CT ratio and TCM syndrome scores.Results: The curative effect of TCM symptom in the treatment group (82.82%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (65.62%), and the difference was statistically significant. There was no difference between the two groups before treatment. Compared with before treatment, the levels of each index were significantly improved after treatment, and the improvement of the treatment group was more significant than that of the control group.Conclusion: The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can improve the symptoms of patients, achieve good clinical efficacy, and have certain anti-oxidative stress effects, which is worthy of clinical promotion or further research.