Joint DOA Estimation and Phase Calibration for Synchronous CDMA with Decorrelator

A joint direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and phase calibration for synchronous CDMA system with decorrelator are presented. Through decorrelating processing DOAs of the desired users can be estimated independently and all other resolved signal interferences are eliminated. Emphasis is directed to applications in which sensor phases may be in error. It is shown that accurate phase calibration in conjunction with their use in high resolution DOA estimation can be achieved for the decoupled signals.

Automatic IQ Phase Calibration Design in a 2.4GHz Direct Conversion Receiver

An automatic IQ phase calibration method implemented in a 2.4GHz direct conversion receiver is proposed. It uses a delay locked loop （DLL） with a proposed quadrature phase detector to greatly reduce the phase error. The receiver is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process. Measurements show that the IQ phase error can be calibrated within 1°,which satisfies the system requirement.

A High Phase Accuracy and Low Amplitude Mismatch Quadrature LO Driver

A 1.1 - 1.2GHz CMOS high phase accuracy,low amplitude mismatch quadrature LO driver is presented,which consists of a high frequency amplifier,an integrated poly phase filter, and an I/Q phase and magnitude calibration circuit（PMCC）. The proposed PMCC uses a feed-forward calibration technique. It improves the phase accuracy and reduces the amplitude mismatch with low power consumption. Simulation results show that phase error with PMCC is reduced to about one half and the amplitude mismatch is reduced to about one tenth, when compared to the LO driver without PMCC. Moreover,the calibration circuit also functions as a buffer to drive mixers, thus no additional buffer is needed in this design. The LO driver is implemented in a TSMC 0.25μm CMOS process. Experimental results show that the LO driver achieves high quadrature accuracy （〈2°） and low amplitude mismatch （0. 1%）. It has about 5.25dB gain and dissipates 6mA from the 2.5V power supply. The size of the die area is only 1.0mm×1.0mm.

Calibration and Validation of the GR2M Hydrologic Model in the Kouilou-Niari Basin in Southwestern Congo-Brazzaville

The hydrologic simulation of a catchment area, described as the transformation of rainfall into runoff, generally uses hydrologic model. This work opts for the global conceptual hydrologic model GR2M, a monthly time step model, to study the Kouilou-Niari basin, the second most important ones of the Republic of Congo. This includes two parameters to model the hydrologic behavior of a catchment area. The choice of the conceptual model GR2M is justified by the reduced number of parameters and the monthly time scale. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristic parameters of the GR2M model, by a calibrating and a validating procedure. The use of these parameters enables to follow the evolution of the water resources from the climatic variables. It has been first carried out a characterization of some physical, geological and climatic factors governing the flow, by dealing with the main climatic variables which constitute the inputs of the hydrologic model. Then, a hydrologic rainfall-runoff modeling allows to calibrate and validate the model at monthly time scale. Taking into account the number of parameters involved in hydrologic processes and the complexity of the cathment area, this model gives acceptable results throughout the Kouilou-Niari basin. The values of the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion and those of the correlation coefficient obtained are greater than 80% in validation, which explains the performance and robustness of the GR2M model on this basin.

Study on phase retardation characteristic of LCVR using dispersion analysis and SVM

To calibrate the phase retardance of a Liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR),its birefringence dispersion characteristic was analyzed,and the Support vector machines(SVM) algorithm was adopted to establish the prediction model.The obtained SVM decision function was used as a part of LCVR phase retardance,which was generated by the driving voltage.The experimental verification was carried out with a 568 nm laser.The results show that the deviation of the experimental value and the theoretical value is about 0.0061λ.SVM method could be used as an effective method for LCVR phase retardance characteristic calibration.

Fast and deterministic optical phased array calibration via pointwise optimisation

Owing to the structural errors in the optical phased array,an initial random phase reduces the quality of the deflection beam.The most commonly applied approach to phase calibration is based on adaptive optics.However,adaptive optimisation approaches have slow convergence and low diffraction efficiency.We proposed a pointwise optimisation approach to achieve fast and accurate beam deflection.This approach conducts phase calibration,combining global traversal and local searches individually for each array element.We built a phase-calibration optical system containing a one-dimensional optical waveguide phase array for further verification and designed the relevant mechanics.The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the pointwise optimisation approach accelerates the calibration process and improves the diffraction efficiency.

Independent dual beams generated by array element division in integrated optical phased arrays

Optical phased arrays(OPAs)have broad application prospects due to their advanced capability in beamforming and steering.In this work,we achieve independent dual beams in the far field by dividing the array elements of the OPA,with the maximum scanning range reaching 100°.Based on the working principle of OPAs,theoretical considerations of such multibeam generation are presented.A phase data allocation approach for OPAs in the presence of fabrication-induced random phase variation is developed.Simulations of large ensembles of OPAs with various levels of random residual phase errors have been conducted to help analyze the results.This approach can help OPAs realize multi-beams for light detection and ranging(LiDAR).

A 2-mW 50-dB DR wideband hybrid AGC for a GNSS receiver in 65 nm CMOS

A low-power wideband hybrid automatic gain control （AGC） loop for a GNSS receiver is presented. Single AGC in the I/Q path is composed of four-stage programmable gain amplifiers （PGAs）, a differential peak detector, two comparators, a control algorithm logic, a decoder and the reference voltage source. Besides being controlled by an AGC loop, the gain of PGAs could altematively be controlled by an off-chip digital baseband processor through the SPI interface. To obtain low power consumption and noise, an improved source degenerated amplifier is adopted, and the I/Q path phase mismatch within the ±5° range is calibrated with 0.2° accuracy. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the measured PGA total gains range from 9.8 to 59.5 dB with an average step of 0.95 dB and simulated bandwidth of more than 110 MHz. The settling time is about 180 μs with 80% AM input with measured signal power from -76.7 to -56.6 dBm from a radio-frequency amplifier （RFA） input port, and also reduces to 90 #s with clock frequency doubling. The single AGC consumes almost 0.8 mA current from the 2.5-V supply and occupies an area of 750 × 300 μm2.