AIM To investigate the role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(Ca MKⅡ) in colon cancer growth,migration and invasion.METHODS Ca MKⅡ expression in colon cancer and paracancerous tissues was evaluated via immun...AIM To investigate the role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(Ca MKⅡ) in colon cancer growth,migration and invasion.METHODS Ca MKⅡ expression in colon cancer and paracancerous tissues was evaluated via immunochemistry. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels of Ca MKⅡin tissue samples and MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP-1 expression in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 were assessed by q RTPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was detected with the MTT assay. Cancer cell migration and invasion were investigated with the Transwell culture system and woundhealing assay.RESULTS We first demonstrated that CaMK Ⅱ was ove rexpressed in human colon cancers and was associated with cancer differentiation. In the human colon cancer cell line HCT116,the Ca MKII-specific inhibitor KN93,but not its inactive analogue KN92,decreased cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore,KN93 also significantly prohibited HCT116 cell migration and invasion. The specific inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 decreased the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight Ca MKⅡ as a potential critical mediator in human colon tumor development and metastasis.展开更多
Sharp eyespot,mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis,affects wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production worldwide.In this study,we isolated TaCML36 gene encoding a wheat calmodulin-like protein,and stu...Sharp eyespot,mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis,affects wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production worldwide.In this study,we isolated TaCML36 gene encoding a wheat calmodulin-like protein,and studied its defense role in protection against R.cerealis.Transcription of TaCML36 was significantly elevated by both R.cerealis infection and exogenous ethylene treatment.Transcription was higher in resistant wheat lines than in susceptible ones.There were copies of TaCML36 on chromosomes 5A,5B,and 5D.The TaCML36 protein is composed of 183 amino acids and contains two calcium-binding EFhand domains.Subcellular localization assays in wheat indicated that TaCML36 localizes in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Virus-induced gene silencing and disease assessment indicated that compared to the controls,TaCML36-silenced wheat plants displayed significantly reduced resistance to R.cerealis and had greater fungal biomass,suggesting that knockdown of TaCML36 impaired host resistance.Knockdown of TaCML36 also significantly repressed expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Chitinase 1,PDF35,and PR17C,the ethylene response factor-encoding gene TaPIE1,and ethylene biosynthesis gene ACO2.Collectively,our results suggest that TaCML36 positively participates in the innate immune response to R.cerealis infection by modulating expression of defense-associated genes possibly in the ethylene signaling pathway.展开更多
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in clinical settings and the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are closely related.The aim of this study was to de...Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in clinical settings and the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are closely related.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK) Ⅱ inhibitor,KN-93,on L-type calcium current(I Ca,L) and early after-depolarizations(EADs) in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.A rabbit model of myocardial hypertrophy was constructed through abdominal aortic coarctation(LVH group).The control group(sham group) received a sham operation,in which the abdominal aortic was dissected but not coarcted.Eight weeks later,the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was evaluated using echocardiography.Individual cardiomyocyte was isolated through collagenase digestion.Action potentials(APs) and I Ca,L were recorded using the perforated patch clamp technique.APs were recorded under current clamp conditions and I Ca,L was recorded under voltage clamp conditions.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were observed under the conditions of low potassium(2 mmol/L),low magnesium(0.25 mmol/L) Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency(0.25-0.5 Hz) electrical stimulation.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were also evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of KN-92(KN-92 group) and KN-93(KN-93 group).Eight weeks later,the model was successfully established.Under the conditions of low potassium,low magnesium Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency electrical stimulation,the incidence of EADs was 0/12,11/12,10/12,and 5/12 in sham group,LVH group,KN-92 group(0.5 μmol/L),and KN-93 group(0.5 μmol/L),respectively.When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L in KN-92 group and KN-93 group,the incidence of EADs was 10/12 and 2/12,respectively.At 0 mV,the current density was 6.7±1.0 and 6.3±0.7 PA·PF-1 in LVH group and sham group,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was 0.5 μmol/L in KN-92 and KN-93 groups,the peak I Ca,L at 0 mV was decreased by(9.4±2.8)% and(10.5±3.0)% in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes of the two groups,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L,the peak I Ca,L values were lowered by(13.4±3.7)% and(40±4.9)%,respectively(P<0.01,n=12).KN-93,a specific inhibitor of CaMKII,can effectively inhibit the occurrence of EADs in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes partially by suppressing I Ca,L,which may be the main action mechanism of KN-93 antagonizing the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic myocardium.展开更多
In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyI-D-asparti...In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyI-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Results showed that, compared with N-methyi-D- aspartic acid-induced injury neurons, the activity of cells markedly increased, apoptosis was significantly reduced, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, and intracellular Ca2＋ concentrations in neurons reduced after KN-93 treatment. The expression of caspase-3, phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and total calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein decreased after KN-93 treatment. And the effect was apparent at a dose of 1.0 pM KN-93. Experimental findings suggest that KN-93 can induce a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of caspase-3 and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II expression.展开更多
Septic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of sepsis,but there are few studies examining the role of micro RNAs（mi Rs） in its pathogenesis.In this study,a mi R-219 mimic was transfected into rat hippocampal ne...Septic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of sepsis,but there are few studies examining the role of micro RNAs（mi Rs） in its pathogenesis.In this study,a mi R-219 mimic was transfected into rat hippocampal neurons to model mi R-219 overexpression.A protective effect of mi R-219 was observed for glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of rat hippocampal neurons,and an underlying mechanism involving calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ（Ca MKIIγ） was demonstrated.mi R-219 and Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression induced by glutamate in hippocampal neurons was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR）.After neurons were transfected with mi R-219 mimic,effects on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay and flow cytometry.In addition,a luciferase reporter gene system was used to confirm Ca MKIIγ as a target gene of mi R-219.Western blot assay and rescue experiments were also utilized to detect Ca MKIIγ expression and further verify that mi R-219 in hippocampal neurons exerted its effect through regulation of Ca MKIIγ.MTT assay and q RT-PCR results revealed obvious decreases in cell viability and mi R-219 expression after glutamate stimulation,while Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression was increased.MTT,flow cytometry,and caspase-3 activity assays showed that mi R-219 overexpression could elevate glutamate-induced cell viability,and reduce cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.Moreover,luciferase Ca MKIIγ-reporter activity was remarkably decreased by co-transfection with mi R-219 mimic,and the results of a rescue experiment showed that Ca MKIIγ overexpression could reverse the biological effects of mi R-219.Collectively,these findings verify that mi R-219 expression was decreased in glutamate-induced neurons,Ca MKIIγ was a target gene of mi R-219,and mi R-219 alleviated glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity by negatively controlling Ca MKIIγ expression.展开更多
Cytoskeletal proteins are involved in neuronal survival.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can increase expression of cytoskeletal proteins during regeneration after axonal injury.However,the effect of neural stem cell...Cytoskeletal proteins are involved in neuronal survival.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can increase expression of cytoskeletal proteins during regeneration after axonal injury.However,the effect of neural stem cells genetically modified by brain-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation on neuronal survival in the injury site still remains unclear.To examine this,we established a rat model of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact.At 72 hours after injury,2 × 10~7 cells/m L neural stem cells overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor or naive neural stem cells（3 m L） were injected into the injured cortex.At 1–3 weeks after transplantation,expression of neurofilament 200,microtubule-associated protein 2,actin,calmodulin,and beta-catenin were remarkably increased in the injury sites.These findings confirm that brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected neural stem cells contribute to neuronal survival,growth,and differentiation in the injury sites.The underlying mechanisms may be associated with increased expression of cytoskeletal proteins and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.展开更多
目的:探讨死亡相关蛋白激酶(death-associated protein kinase,DAPK)基因高甲基化与胃癌的发生以及临床病理特征之间的联系。方法:采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)法分别检测66例胃癌患者的肿瘤组织、癌旁...目的:探讨死亡相关蛋白激酶(death-associated protein kinase,DAPK)基因高甲基化与胃癌的发生以及临床病理特征之间的联系。方法:采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)法分别检测66例胃癌患者的肿瘤组织、癌旁正常组织、手术前外周血浆以及37例术后血浆中DAPK基因启动子的甲基化状况,以20例健康人的外周血浆和胃镜活检正常胃组织作为对照。结果:胃癌组织中有66.7%(44/66)存在DAPK基因的异常甲基化,显著高于相应的癌旁正常组织[10.6%(7/66)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术前外周血浆中DAPK基因甲基化阳性率为16.7%(11/66);37例同时有胃癌根治术前后血浆标本的患者中,5例术前血浆甲基化阳性,术后全部转阴。而20例健康人的外周血浆和胃镜活检组织中均未检测到该基因甲基化。结论:DAPK基因在胃癌患者肿瘤组织和外周血浆中的高甲基化可能为胃癌的诊断以及临床预后评估提供有益的线索,手术后血浆中DAPK甲基化状态的变化可能与手术治疗有关。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81302131
文摘AIM To investigate the role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(Ca MKⅡ) in colon cancer growth,migration and invasion.METHODS Ca MKⅡ expression in colon cancer and paracancerous tissues was evaluated via immunochemistry. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels of Ca MKⅡin tissue samples and MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP-1 expression in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 were assessed by q RTPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was detected with the MTT assay. Cancer cell migration and invasion were investigated with the Transwell culture system and woundhealing assay.RESULTS We first demonstrated that CaMK Ⅱ was ove rexpressed in human colon cancers and was associated with cancer differentiation. In the human colon cancer cell line HCT116,the Ca MKII-specific inhibitor KN93,but not its inactive analogue KN92,decreased cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore,KN93 also significantly prohibited HCT116 cell migration and invasion. The specific inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 decreased the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight Ca MKⅡ as a potential critical mediator in human colon tumor development and metastasis.
基金funded by the National “Key Sci-Tech” Project (2016ZX08002-001-004)
文摘Sharp eyespot,mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis,affects wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production worldwide.In this study,we isolated TaCML36 gene encoding a wheat calmodulin-like protein,and studied its defense role in protection against R.cerealis.Transcription of TaCML36 was significantly elevated by both R.cerealis infection and exogenous ethylene treatment.Transcription was higher in resistant wheat lines than in susceptible ones.There were copies of TaCML36 on chromosomes 5A,5B,and 5D.The TaCML36 protein is composed of 183 amino acids and contains two calcium-binding EFhand domains.Subcellular localization assays in wheat indicated that TaCML36 localizes in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Virus-induced gene silencing and disease assessment indicated that compared to the controls,TaCML36-silenced wheat plants displayed significantly reduced resistance to R.cerealis and had greater fungal biomass,suggesting that knockdown of TaCML36 impaired host resistance.Knockdown of TaCML36 also significantly repressed expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Chitinase 1,PDF35,and PR17C,the ethylene response factor-encoding gene TaPIE1,and ethylene biosynthesis gene ACO2.Collectively,our results suggest that TaCML36 positively participates in the innate immune response to R.cerealis infection by modulating expression of defense-associated genes possibly in the ethylene signaling pathway.
基金supported by grants from the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2008J0075)the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(No. 2010Y0011)
文摘Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in clinical settings and the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are closely related.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK) Ⅱ inhibitor,KN-93,on L-type calcium current(I Ca,L) and early after-depolarizations(EADs) in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.A rabbit model of myocardial hypertrophy was constructed through abdominal aortic coarctation(LVH group).The control group(sham group) received a sham operation,in which the abdominal aortic was dissected but not coarcted.Eight weeks later,the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was evaluated using echocardiography.Individual cardiomyocyte was isolated through collagenase digestion.Action potentials(APs) and I Ca,L were recorded using the perforated patch clamp technique.APs were recorded under current clamp conditions and I Ca,L was recorded under voltage clamp conditions.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were observed under the conditions of low potassium(2 mmol/L),low magnesium(0.25 mmol/L) Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency(0.25-0.5 Hz) electrical stimulation.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were also evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of KN-92(KN-92 group) and KN-93(KN-93 group).Eight weeks later,the model was successfully established.Under the conditions of low potassium,low magnesium Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency electrical stimulation,the incidence of EADs was 0/12,11/12,10/12,and 5/12 in sham group,LVH group,KN-92 group(0.5 μmol/L),and KN-93 group(0.5 μmol/L),respectively.When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L in KN-92 group and KN-93 group,the incidence of EADs was 10/12 and 2/12,respectively.At 0 mV,the current density was 6.7±1.0 and 6.3±0.7 PA·PF-1 in LVH group and sham group,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was 0.5 μmol/L in KN-92 and KN-93 groups,the peak I Ca,L at 0 mV was decreased by(9.4±2.8)% and(10.5±3.0)% in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes of the two groups,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L,the peak I Ca,L values were lowered by(13.4±3.7)% and(40±4.9)%,respectively(P<0.01,n=12).KN-93,a specific inhibitor of CaMKII,can effectively inhibit the occurrence of EADs in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes partially by suppressing I Ca,L,which may be the main action mechanism of KN-93 antagonizing the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic myocardium.
基金supported by Liaoning Social Development Key Projects of Scientific and Technological Department of Liaoning Province, No. 2012225019
文摘In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyI-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Results showed that, compared with N-methyi-D- aspartic acid-induced injury neurons, the activity of cells markedly increased, apoptosis was significantly reduced, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, and intracellular Ca2＋ concentrations in neurons reduced after KN-93 treatment. The expression of caspase-3, phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and total calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein decreased after KN-93 treatment. And the effect was apparent at a dose of 1.0 pM KN-93. Experimental findings suggest that KN-93 can induce a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of caspase-3 and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81101159the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20151268
文摘Septic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of sepsis,but there are few studies examining the role of micro RNAs（mi Rs） in its pathogenesis.In this study,a mi R-219 mimic was transfected into rat hippocampal neurons to model mi R-219 overexpression.A protective effect of mi R-219 was observed for glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of rat hippocampal neurons,and an underlying mechanism involving calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ（Ca MKIIγ） was demonstrated.mi R-219 and Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression induced by glutamate in hippocampal neurons was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR）.After neurons were transfected with mi R-219 mimic,effects on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay and flow cytometry.In addition,a luciferase reporter gene system was used to confirm Ca MKIIγ as a target gene of mi R-219.Western blot assay and rescue experiments were also utilized to detect Ca MKIIγ expression and further verify that mi R-219 in hippocampal neurons exerted its effect through regulation of Ca MKIIγ.MTT assay and q RT-PCR results revealed obvious decreases in cell viability and mi R-219 expression after glutamate stimulation,while Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression was increased.MTT,flow cytometry,and caspase-3 activity assays showed that mi R-219 overexpression could elevate glutamate-induced cell viability,and reduce cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.Moreover,luciferase Ca MKIIγ-reporter activity was remarkably decreased by co-transfection with mi R-219 mimic,and the results of a rescue experiment showed that Ca MKIIγ overexpression could reverse the biological effects of mi R-219.Collectively,these findings verify that mi R-219 expression was decreased in glutamate-induced neurons,Ca MKIIγ was a target gene of mi R-219,and mi R-219 alleviated glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity by negatively controlling Ca MKIIγ expression.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31300812 and No.31371218
文摘Cytoskeletal proteins are involved in neuronal survival.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can increase expression of cytoskeletal proteins during regeneration after axonal injury.However,the effect of neural stem cells genetically modified by brain-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation on neuronal survival in the injury site still remains unclear.To examine this,we established a rat model of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact.At 72 hours after injury,2 × 10~7 cells/m L neural stem cells overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor or naive neural stem cells（3 m L） were injected into the injured cortex.At 1–3 weeks after transplantation,expression of neurofilament 200,microtubule-associated protein 2,actin,calmodulin,and beta-catenin were remarkably increased in the injury sites.These findings confirm that brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected neural stem cells contribute to neuronal survival,growth,and differentiation in the injury sites.The underlying mechanisms may be associated with increased expression of cytoskeletal proteins and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
文摘目的:探讨死亡相关蛋白激酶(death-associated protein kinase,DAPK)基因高甲基化与胃癌的发生以及临床病理特征之间的联系。方法:采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)法分别检测66例胃癌患者的肿瘤组织、癌旁正常组织、手术前外周血浆以及37例术后血浆中DAPK基因启动子的甲基化状况,以20例健康人的外周血浆和胃镜活检正常胃组织作为对照。结果:胃癌组织中有66.7%(44/66)存在DAPK基因的异常甲基化,显著高于相应的癌旁正常组织[10.6%(7/66)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术前外周血浆中DAPK基因甲基化阳性率为16.7%(11/66);37例同时有胃癌根治术前后血浆标本的患者中,5例术前血浆甲基化阳性,术后全部转阴。而20例健康人的外周血浆和胃镜活检组织中均未检测到该基因甲基化。结论:DAPK基因在胃癌患者肿瘤组织和外周血浆中的高甲基化可能为胃癌的诊断以及临床预后评估提供有益的线索,手术后血浆中DAPK甲基化状态的变化可能与手术治疗有关。
