Advances in Physiological-biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms of Seed Aging in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of natural aging or artifi- cial aging methods, it was reported that quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of seed stora- bility in rice were widely distributed on the chromosomes except the 10th chromo- some. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses in the research on physiological- biochemical and genetic mechanisms of seed aging, and analyzed the existing problems and developing prospect in molecular breeding of rice with improved seed storability, in order to provide reference for the basic research and genetic improve- ment of rice seed storabUity.

Mapping of three QTLs for seed setting and analysis on the candidate gene for qSS-1 in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The lower seed setting is one of the major hindrances which face grain yield in rice. One of the main reasons to cause low spikelet fertility （seed setting） is male sterility or pollen abortion. Notably, pollen abortion has been frequently observed in advanced progenies of rice. In the present study, 149 BC2F6 individuals with significant segregation in spikelet fertility were generated from the cross between N040212 （indica） and Nipponbare （japonica） and used for primary gene mapping. Three QTLs, qSS-1, qSS-7 and qSS-9 at chromosomes 1, 7 and 9, respectively, were found to be associated with seed setting. The recombinant analysis and the physical mapping information from publicly available resources exhibited that the qSS-1, qSS-7 and qSS-9 loci were mapped to an interval of 188, 701 and 3741 kb, respectively. The seed setting responsible for QTL qSS-1 was further fine mapped to 93.5 kb by using BC2F7 population of 1 849 individuals. There are 16 possible putative genes in this 93.5 kb region. Pollen vitality tests and artificial pollination indicated that the male gamete has abnormal pollen while the female gamete was normal. These data showed that low seed setting rate relative to qSS-1 may be caused by abnormal pollen grains. These results will be useful for cloning, functional analysis of the target gene governing spikelet fertility （seed setting） and understanding the genetic bases of pollen sterility.

Analysis of QTL for Seed Dormancy and Their Response to Dry Heat Treatment in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RILwere harvested in 35d after heading. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy. QTL analysis was performed withWindows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping. A total of four QTLfor seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2 (two regions), 5 and 11, respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%. Responses of suchloci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The resultsshowed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR-11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy, which seemed to be easily broken by dry heattreatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement. Theallele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy, which could not be broken bydry heat treatment.

Mapping QTLs for Salt Tolerance at Seeding Stage of Landrace Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

[Objectives] The identification of salt tolerant genetic loci in rice can provide a research basis for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and gene resources for improving salt tolerant cultivars. [Methods] Recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Zhaxima, an indica landrace variety from Yunnan Province and Nanjing 46, an elite japonica variety with superior grain quality from Jiangsu Province were used. The salt tolerance at seeding stage in the RIL population was investigated as the phenotypic value. [Results] Combined with the linkage map, a total of 4 QTLs were detected: qSST-1, qSST-3, qSST-5 and qSST-11, located in rice chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 11, respectively. All positive alleles were from the parent Nanjing 46. Three QTLs among them were not included in chromosome intervals the same as cloned rice salt tolerance genes, and thus were described as new candidate gene loci associated with seeding-stage salt tolerance. [Conclusions] This study provides important information for further exploration and utilization of new salt tolerant QTLs in rice. It is of great significance for improving the utilization of saline land in China and ensuring the stable rice production.

Study on Seed Vigor of Rice Photo-ThermoSensitive Genic Male Sterile(PTGMS) Line with Low Temperature Storage

To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.

Brassinosteroid and gibberellin coordinate rice seed germination and embryo growth by regulating glutelin mobilization

Seed germination is the beginning of a new lifecycle,and involves many complex physiological and biochemical reactions including seed reserve mobilization in the endosperm and nutrient transport and reuse in the embryo.Although glutelin is a dominant storage protein in rice,its contribution to seed germination and its regulatory mechanisms are mostly unknown.Gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR),two major growth-promoting phytohormones,also play positive roles in controlling seed germination.However,how GA and BR interact and coordinate seed germination and facilitate glutelin mobilization remains unclear.In the present study,biochemical and physiological analyses of seed germination indicated that both GA and BR promote seed germination and post-germination growth.Exogenous application of GA restored germination defects caused by BR deficiency or insensitivity.Proteomic and q RT-PCR results showed that the expression of several glutelin proteins and their encoding genes was induced by BR and GA in the embryo.Expression assays suggested that the increased accumulation of glutelin protein in the embryo was due to the accelerated degradation of glutelin by a cysteine proteinase (REP-1) in the endosperm.The breakdown of glutelin in the endosperm showed a strict positive correspondence with the length of the shoot.The GluA2 mutation led to reduced degradation rate of glutelin and defects in seed germination,and the promotion effect of GA on seed germination was weakened in the glua2mutant.In vitro culture assay of rice embryos showed that glutelin mobilization functioned downstream of the GA and BR pathways to promote shoot elongation.These findings suggest a mechanism that mediates crosstalk between BR and GA in co-regulating rice seed germination and embryo growth.

Effects of Priming in Combination with Fungicides on Germination and Infestation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Two seed lots of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Krlowa Majowych were primed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 at -1.25MPa for 7 days in dark at 20C. Two fungicide treatments combined with PEG were used to control fungi: 1) Funaben T(0.1%) and Apron 35 SD (0.02%) were added to -1.25 MPa PEG solution (PEG+F); 2) After seed priming and drying,Funaben T was mixed at 5 g kg-1 and Apron 35 SD at 1 g kg-1 of seeds (PEG then F dust). PEG, PEG+F and PEG then F dusttreatments reduced significantly thermodormancy and increased the seed germination at 35C in both lots. PEG then Fdust treatment had the best effect on reducing seed thermodormancy at 35C, and increased seed germination to 64.5% inlot 1 and 72.0% in lot 2 compared to 0 in untreated. PEG and PEG then F dust treatments have accelerated germinationspeed at 20 and 15C in both lots. There was a significant reduction in seed infestation in which the seeds were treatedwith PEG+F and PEG then F dust compared to untreated seeds and PEG primed seeds. PEG priming enhanced seedinfestation considerably by Alternaria alternata, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Ulocladium spp. Mycologicalanalysis showed higher frequency of Alternaria alternata and Ulocladium spp. in untreated seeds at 20C. Priming incombination with fungicides significantly alleviated the infestation of fungi, especially Alternaria alternata infestation.

吡虫啉和甲基硫菌灵对油菜(Brassica napus L.)和光叶紫花苕(Vicia sativa L.)的化感作用

油菜(Brassica napus L.)和光叶紫花苕(Vicia sativa L.)为重要蜜源植物。以这2种植物种子为受体,用不同浓度(20 mg/L、40 mg/L、60 mg/L、80 mg/L、100 mg/L)的吡虫啉和(200 mg/L、400 mg/L、600 mg/L、800 mg/L、1000 mg/L)的甲基硫菌灵采取室内培养皿滤纸法胁迫处理,以探讨这2种农药对油菜和光叶紫花苕的化感作用。结果表明,吡虫啉和甲基硫菌灵明显降低了油菜种子活力,抑制幼苗生长;吡虫啉总体上提高了苕子种子活力,促进幼苗生长,而甲基硫菌灵则降低苕子种子活力,抑制幼苗生长。总之,吡虫啉和甲基硫菌灵对上述2种蜜源植物均有强烈的化感作用。

水稻lncRNASVR及邻近SAUR基因在种子低温萌发中的表达

【目的】长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)长度大于200 nt,一般不具有编码蛋白质功能。探究低温下lncRNA对邻近SAUR基因表达的影响,以期为研究水稻种子低温萌发的能力提供理论依据。【方法】lncRNA SVR由华南农业大学国家植物航天育种工程技术研究中心前期研究筛选,可以响应低温胁迫,通过生物信息学方法分析lncRNA SVR的二级结构并寻找lncRNA SVR内部的冷胁迫基序,通过qRT-PCR分析lncRNA SVR和SAUR基因的表达特性。【结果】lncRNA SVR序列中存在高度相似的冷胁迫响应基序,且在茎环连接处。表达特性分析表明,在种子萌发过程中低温胁迫会持续降低lncRNA SVR的表达,邻近的多个SAUR基因在低温胁迫下的表达量明显高于在常温下的表达量,表明lncRNA SVR的邻近SAUR基因一定程度上能够和lncRNA SVR一样响应低温胁迫。表达相关性分析表明,在低温萌发中lncRNA SVR与这些SAUR基因的表达均呈负相关关系,lncRNA SVR与OsSAUR55的表达呈显著负相关关系。进一步分析种子低温萌发中SAUR基因在lncRNA SVR敲除系中的表达情况,结果表明,在敲除系中,lncRNA SVR的下降幅度低于其在野生型中的下降幅度,OsSAUR41、OsSAUR53、OsSAUR54、OsSAUR55表达量的上升幅度均显著低于其在野生型中的上升幅度。【结论】lncRNA SVR可能负调控OsSAUR55的表达,进而响应低温胁迫。

Glucosinolates and Sinapine in Camelina Meal

Forty seven accessions of camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) were analyzed for glucosinolates (GSLs) and sinapine in defatted meal. These antinutritional compounds are undesirable in camelina meal for use in animal feeding and therefore we show their variability to identify the best varieties for future breeding programs. Total GSLs ranged from 19.6 to 40.3 mmol Kg-1 dry weight (DW) with an average of 30.3 mmol kg-1 DW. Great variability has also been observed in the levels of individual GSLs (GSL1, GSL2 and GSL3), so that the content of GSL1 and GSL3 were not correlated to each other in the accessions of camelina. Five out of six winter forms of camelina showed low content of GSLs. Sinapine ranged from 1.09 to 4.75 g Kg-1 DW with an average of 2.57 g kg-1 DW. The sinapine content was not correlated with that of GSLs. The use of camelina meal is only limited by the presence of GSLs while sinapine content can be ignored in camelina varieties.

Physiological Performance of Rice Seeds Treated to Thiamethoxam and Placed under Storage

High-yielding crops can only achieve their potential when the appropriate technological tools are applied and weather conditions do not impose restrictions. One such technological tool is the treatment of seeds, in which different products are used and, in some cases, cause little-known effects capable of modifying the plant’s metabolism and/or its morphology. The insecticide thiamethoxam alters the plant’s physiology and morphology, accelerating its development, thus enhancing its vigor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of thiamethoxam on the physiological performance of rice seeds during storage. The research was conducted in a green-house and at the laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel —UFPel (Federal University of Pelotas). Rice seeds from cultivars INIA Olimar and El Paso L144 were treated to a commercial product containing 350 grams of active ingredient thiamethoxam at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 g per 100 kg of seed. Seeds were tested for physiological quality immediately after being treated (check treatment) and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months under storage, through germination test, cold test, accelerated aging and greenhouse emergence test. The concentration range from 200 to 400 g a.i. 100 kg-1 seed yielded the highest germination and seed vigor values for both rice cultivars during the storage period.

Ecology of Upland Rice Plants and Seeds Subjected to Growth Regulator

The objective of this work is to verify the influence of the plant regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant growth and physiological quality of upland rice seeds. We used an upland rice genotype, and the growth regulator was the trinexapac-ethyl. The experiment was completely randomized in a 4 × 8 factorial design related to four concentrations of the plant regulator trinexapac-ethyl [0 (without growth regulator), 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 L c.p. ha-1] and 7 plant collection times [14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98 days after emergence (DAE)], with four replicates. To determine growth attributes, we evaluated total dry matter, dry matter production rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, leaf matter, leaf area index, solar energy conversion efficiency and partition of assimilates. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated based on germination, first germination count, field emergence, emergence speed index and seedling dry matter. Plant growth was affected by the growth regulator. Total dry matter, dry matter production rate and solar energy conversion efficiency decreased, while leaf area index, leaf area ratio and leaf matter increased due to the effects of the growth regulator. The dry matter partition of plants changed in plants subjected to the growth regulator, with a delay in the targeting of assimilates to reproductive organs and a greater allocation to roots at the end of the cycle in plants subjected to the doses 0.50 and 0.75 L·ha-1 of growth regulator. Seed vigor was adversely affected by the growth regulator.

同时测定亚麻荠植株中酚酸和黄酮含量的方法研究

建立一种采用液相色谱法同时测定亚麻荠植株中8种酚酸和黄酮化合物含量的方法,并探讨亚麻荠植株醇提物的体外抗氧化活性。试验确定采用体积分数75%乙醇回流提取样品,选用Angilent Eclipse XDB plus C_(18)柱为色谱柱。结果表明:8种化合物的标准曲线回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;8种化合物的加标回收率为95.26%~102.61%,建立的方法可以对不同产地的亚麻荠植株样品进行区分。抗氧化试验表明,亚麻荠植株醇提取物对羟基自由基与DPPH自由基具有较好的清除能力。

水稻种子休眠性QTL定位及其对干热处理的响应

利用Kinmaze(粳稻)/DV85(籼稻)杂交组合衍生的重组自交F11家系 (Recombinant Inbred Lines, RILs)进行了种子休眠性QTL的检测和遗传效应分析。以抽穗后35 d的种子发芽率作为种子休眠性的表型值,分析亲本和81个家系的休眠性表现,利用Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a软件共检测到4个种子休眠性QTL,分别位于第2、5、11染色体上,其中第2染色体存在2个QTL,各QTL的贡献率变幅8.37%～17.40%。进一步研究了这些休眠性基因位点对干热破除休眠处理的响应,结果表明,来自DV85增强休眠性的QTL位点qDOR-2-1和qDOR-5,以及来自Kinmaze增强休眠性的QTL位点qDOR-11,易被干热处理破除休眠,这3个QTL效应较强,可在种子休眠性状的遗传改良中加以利用;而位于第2染色体上标记XNpb227-XNpb132之间的QTL位点qDOR-2-2却不易被干热处理破除休眠,该位点增强休眠性的基因来自DV85。

杂交水稻不同穗萌程度种子质量差异与穗萌分级研究

研究不同穗萌程度种子质量,对科学划分穗萌级别,优化穗萌指标计算方法至关重要。本试验以钱优0508(Qianyou 0508, QY0508)、Y两优689 (Y Liangyou 689, YLY689)两个籼型杂交水稻品种为材料,测定穗上不同穗萌程度种子的发芽指标,以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标,以此评估不同穗萌程度水稻种子的发芽质量。同时,采用自然晾干和38℃烘干2种方式干燥穗萌种子,并将种子在低温和水淹2种逆境条件下发芽,探究实际生产中不同干燥处理对已穗萌种子质量的影响,及不同穗萌程度种子萌发抗逆能力的差异。此外,由于水稻种子通常在蜡熟末期至完熟初期为最佳收获期,期间均可能遭遇不良气候条件导致种子穗萌,因此本研究对不同成熟时期的穗萌种子质量也进行了探讨。通过鉴定穗上不同萌动程度的种子质量,提出了新的水稻穗萌分级方法,即完整饱满未萌动种子为0级,胚根凸起但稃壳未开裂的种子为1级,胚根露出且可见长度不足2mm的种子为2级,胚根可见长度大于2 mm的种子为3级。与0级种子相比,1~3级穗萌种子的发芽率均显著下降,不正常幼苗率显著增加,在低温、水淹逆境下,该现象更明显。相对而言, 38℃烘干方式对种子质量的影响较自然晾干小,而授粉后35 d (35 DAP)成熟度高的种子发生穗萌后对种子质量影响较授粉后25 d (25 DAP)成熟度低的种子小。本研究经过对不同穗萌程度种子质量的研究,提出了新的穗萌分级方法,对准确评估田间水稻穗萌水平有重要价值。

An orchestrated ethylene-gibberellin signaling cascade contributes to mesocotyl elongation and emergence of rice direct seeding

A mechanized direct seeding of rice with less labor and water usage,has been widely adopted.However,this approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence.Mesocotyl elongation(ME)offers the main drive of fast emergence of rice seedlings from soils;nevertheless,its genetic basis remains unknown.Here,we identify a major rice quantitative trait locus Mesocotyl Elongation1(qME1),an allele of the Green Revolution gene Semi-Dwarf1(SD1),encoding GA20-oxidase for gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis.ME1 expression is strongly induced by soil depth and ethylene.When rice grains are direct-seeded in soils,the ethylene core signaling factor OsEIL1 directly promotes ME1 transcription,accelerating bioactive GA biosynthesis.The GAs further degrade the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1(SLR1),alleviating its inhibition of rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE13(OsPIL13)to activate the downstream expansion gene OsEXPA4 and ultimately promote rice seedling ME and emergence.The ancient traits of long mesocotyl and strong emergence ability in wild rice and landrace were gradually lost in company with the Green Revolution dwarf breeding process,and an elite ME1-R allele(D349H)is found in some modern Geng varieties(long mesocotyl lengths)in northern China,which can be used in the direct seeding and dwarf breeding of Geng varieties.Furthermore,the ectopic and high expression of ME1 driven by mesocotyl-specific promoters resulted in rice plants that could be direct-seeded without obvious plant architecture or yield penalties.Collectively,we reveal the molecular mechanism of rice ME,and provide useful information for breeding new Green Revolution varieties with long mesocotyl suitable for direct-seeding practice.

外源维生素对高NaCl胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及恢复性的影响

为给改进紫花苜蓿在盐碱地区的生产提供依据,笔者研究了14610 mg/L高浓度NaCl胁迫下,外源水溶性维生素(VB1、VB2、VPP、VB6、VH、VB12与VC)对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及恢复萌发性状的影响。结果表明:62.5 mg/L VPP显著提高了恢复萌发后的芽鲜重,1000 mg/L VB6、500 mg/L VB12和1000 mg/L VC促进了紫花苜蓿高盐胁迫下的萌发,但对胁迫减轻后的恢复萌发没有显著影响。250 mg/L VB12对高盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿的萌发及恢复萌发均有显著性改进,使高Na Cl的致死性从19.667%降低到4.667%。VB1、VB2和VH未能有效改进高NaCl胁迫对萌发的抑制效应。试验显示外源VB6、VB12、VC对高NaCl胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子的萌发特性有一定程度的调节作用。

不同温度条件下水稻种子活力QTL的定位分析

为了揭示基因型与环境温度之间的互作对种子活力的影响,利用1个粳籼交来源的重组自交系群体,采用纸卷法在15、20和25℃条件下进行发芽试验,考察了发芽率、芽长、根长及干重等4个种子活力相关性状。结合一张含有198个DNA标记的连锁图谱,用作图软件QTLMapper1.0定位与种子活力相关的QTL。共检测到34个主效应QTL。这些QTL中的绝大多数(82%)成簇分布于第3、5和8号染色体的5个不同染色体区段上,分别被命名为QTLqSV-3-1、qSV-3-2、qSV-5、qSV-8-1和qSV-8-2。其中,QTLqSV-3-1、qSV-3-2和qSV-8-1对种子活力的效应大小和方向在3个温度条件下均较一致;而QTLqSV-5和qSV-8-2主要在20和25℃条件下起作用,在15℃低温条件下作用甚微或不起作用。表明种子活力QTL具有显著的基因型与环境温度之间的互作,而且这种互作具有明显的QTL特异性。芽长是唯一同时受5个与种子活力高度相关的染色体区段共同影响的指标,因此,相对而言,作为水稻种子活力的测定指标,芽长是最具有代表性的。

两种保水剂对高寒区燕麦生长发育和产量的影响

为探索不同保水剂对高寒区旱作燕麦生长发育和产量的影响,对两种类型的保水剂K(颗粒型保水剂)和F(粉末型保水剂)设置4个施用量:1(11.25 kg/hm^(2))、2(22.5 kg/hm^(2))、3(33.75 kg/hm^(2))、4(45 kg/hm^(2)),以不施保水剂CK为对照,研究不同类型保水剂在不同施用量下对燕麦生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:随着颗粒型保水剂施用量的增加,燕麦种子产量和秸秆产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中K2处理最好,与CK相比,燕麦种子产量和秸秆产量分别提高32.6%和6.27%,经济效益提高31.4%;随着粉末型保水剂施用量的增加,燕麦种子产量和秸秆产量均呈增加趋势,其中F4处理最好,与CK相比,种子产量和秸秆产量分别提高34.7%和6.69%,经济效益提高27.4%。相关性和通径分析表明,燕麦种子产量与单株小穗数、单株穗粒数和单株穗粒重均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上,处理K2(22.5 kg/hm^(2))与F4(45 kg/hm^(2))均可提高高寒区燕麦产量,K2处理经济效益最高。

纳米二氧化硅对水稻种子萌发及分蘖期生长和光合特性的影响

为探究纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2)NPs)对水稻种子萌发、生长、生理和光合作用的影响,为SiO_(2)NPs应用于农业生产提供参考,采用完全随机设计,分别使用0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00 g/L的SiO_(2)NPs(30 nm)水分散液对水稻种子和叶片表面进行处理,依次以T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)表示,并以去离子水作为对照(CK),研究SiO_(2)NPs对水稻种子发芽情况以及分蘖期水稻株高、分蘖数、生物量、可溶性多糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸含量、总酚含量、叶绿体色素含量、光合速率、光合荧光参数的影响。结果表明,T_(3)水稻种子发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数分别比CK高6.6%、32.7%、43.4%;T_(2)水稻根生物量比CK高43.6%,T_(3)水稻茎、叶生物量分别比CK高143.9%、15.2%;T_(3)水稻叶片可溶性多糖、总酚含量分别比CK高107.1%、26.7%;T_(4)水稻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素总含量分别比CK高21.3%、60.3%、45.6%、30.6%;T_(3)水稻叶片光合速率比CK高32.4%,光反应过程中光化学淬灭系数qP、qL分别比CK高68.5%、61.7%,相对光电子传导速率ETR和实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)均比CK高69.7%。建议使用0.10~1.00 g/L的SiO_(2)NPs对水稻进行浸种及分蘖期处理。