In plants,the lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family represent a class of proteins that mediate the uptake,translocation,and utilization of amino acids.The tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is a perennial evergreen wit...In plants,the lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family represent a class of proteins that mediate the uptake,translocation,and utilization of amino acids.The tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is a perennial evergreen with a relatively high level of amino acids.However,systematic identification and molecular characterization of the LHT gene family has rarely been reported in tea plants.In this study,22 CsLHTs were identified from the‘Shuchazao’genome and classified into two groups.The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains presented a high similarity among the LHTs proteins.Moreover,it was predicted that a few genes were conserved through the analysis of the physiochemical characters,structures and cis-elements in promoters.The expression patterns in tea plants revealed that CsLHT7 was mainly expressed in the roots,and CsLHT4 and CsLHT11 exhibited relatively high expression in both the roots and leaves.Moreover,the expression of all three genes could be induced by organic nitrogen.Additionally,heterogeneous expression of CsLHT4,CsLHT7 and CsLHT11 in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the aerial parts biomass compared with that in WT plants while significantly increased the rosette biomass only for CsLHT11transgenic plants versus WT plants.Overall,our results provide fundamental information about CsLHTs and potential genes in N utilization for further analysis in tea plants.展开更多
Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/br...Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.展开更多
The ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporter is a gene superfamily in plants.ATP-binding cassette subfamily C(ABCC)protein is a multidrug resistance-associated(MRP)transporter.They play various roles in plant growth,devel...The ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporter is a gene superfamily in plants.ATP-binding cassette subfamily C(ABCC)protein is a multidrug resistance-associated(MRP)transporter.They play various roles in plant growth,development,and secondary metabolite transport.However,there are few studies on ABCC transporters in tea plants.In this study,genome-wide association study(GWAS)analysis of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)content in 108 strains of Kingbird revealed that CsABCCs may be involved in EGCG transport.We identified 25 CsABCC genes at the genomic level of the tea plant,their phylogenetic tree,gene structure,targeted miRNA and other bioinformatics were analyzed.The expression patterns of CsABCCs in eight different tissues and abiotic stress indicate that they have potential roles in regulating the growth,development,and defense of tea plants.The correlation analysis revealed that the expression of the CsABCC11 gene was closely related to the EGCG content in tea buds of 108 strains of the Kingbird,and the subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that CsABCC11 protein was localized on the plasma membrane.The virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)strategy in tea plants further verified that CsABCC11 was involved in EGCG accumulation.Our study laid a foundation for studying the biological function of CsABCC and provided a new candidate molecular marker gene for further EGCG-related variety breeding,which will be of great interest to breeders.展开更多
This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Came...This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1.21 × 10<sup>10</sup>, 2.18 × 10<sup>8</sup>, and 6.49 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.展开更多
Various genetic and biochemical characteristics exist in tea plant cultivars,and they largely determine production suitability and tea quality.Here,we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young shoots ...Various genetic and biochemical characteristics exist in tea plant cultivars,and they largely determine production suitability and tea quality.Here,we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young shoots of seven tea cultivars and identified major regulatory transcription factors(TFs)for the characteristic metabolites in different cultivars based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Phenotypically,we found that‘Tieguanyin’(TGY)and‘Fujian Shuixian’(FJSX),which are suitable for oolong tea,had higher catechin contents.The metabolites of‘Jinxuan’(JX)were more prominent,especially the contents of phenolic acids,flavonoids,terpenes,and tannins,which were higher than those of the other six cultivars.Moreover,‘Fudingdabai’(FDDB),which is suitable for white tea,was rich in amino acids,linolenic acid,and saccharides.At the molecular level,hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)(CsTGY12G0001876,and CsTGY06G0003042)led to the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in TGY.The main reason for the higher l-ascorbic acid content in FJSX was the high expression levels of L-galactono-1,4-lactone hydrogenase(GalLDH)(CsTGY13G0000389)and Myo-inositol oxygenase(MIOX)(CsTGY14G0001769,and CsTGY14G0001770),which were regulated by WRKY(CsTGY11G0001197).Furthermore,FDDB,‘Longjing 43’(LJ43),‘Shuchazao’(SCZ)and‘Baihaozao’(BHZ)had higher free fatty acid contents,among which MYB(CsTGY14G0002344)may be a hub gene for the regulation of palmitoleic acid accumulation.More importantly,we found that the shoots of TGY were green with purple,mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and the downregulation of the Mg-protoporphyrin IX nonomethyl ester cyclase(MPEC)(CsTGY10G0001989)gene that affects chlorophyll synthesis.These results will provide a theoretical reference for tea cultivar breeding and suitability.展开更多
Dear Editor,Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is one of the world’s most important non-alcoholic beverages,with great economic,health,and cultural value.Recently,several genomes of C.sinensis var.assamica(CSA)(...Dear Editor,Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is one of the world’s most important non-alcoholic beverages,with great economic,health,and cultural value.Recently,several genomes of C.sinensis var.assamica(CSA)(Yunkang 10),C.sinensis var.sinensis(CSS)(Shuchazao,Biyun,Longjing 43,Tieguanyin,Huangdan),and ancient tea plant(DASZ)have been deciphered[1-3].展开更多
Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm...Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, the main biochemical components, leaf morphological and yield characteristics were evaluated for four rounds of tea leaves in a panel of 87 elite tea cultivars suitable for black, green, or oolong tea. Significant variations were observed among the tea cultivars, as well as seasonal differences in the levels of the free amino acid(FAA), caffeine(CAF), tea polyphenols(TP), water extract(WE) and TP to FAA ratio(TP/FAA). Results showed that the average levels of FAA showed a seasonal change, with the highest level of 4.0% in the 1st spring tea in the cultivars suitable for green tea and the lowest of 3.2% in summer tea in the cultivars suitable for black tea. The average CAF content was highest 3.2% in the cultivars suitable for oolong tea in the 1st spring and the lowest 2.5% in the cultivars suitable for green tea in summer. Limited seasonal and varietal variations were noticed in the average levels of WE among the three categories of tea. In addition, significant natural variation of the morphological characteristics, bud length varying from 2.5 cm to 8.7 cm, bud density from 190.3 buds · m-2to 1 730.3 buds · m-2, mature leaves biomass from 128.4 kg · hm-2to 2 888.4 kg · hm-2, and yield component traits of 100 buds(one bud with two leaves) dry weight from 3.7 g to37.7 g, tea yield/round from 444.6 kg · hm-2to 905.3 kg · hm-2, were observed. The aim of our evaluation was not only to identify the advantages of seasonal and clonal variations but also to provide a new viewpoint for their further application. Representative accessions were selected from the germplasm to promote the establishment of an inherent biochemical constituent expressing the quality of black, green, and oolong tea. The findings might be utilized to establish early selection criteria to enhance the tea breeding and production program.展开更多
Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high ...Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high levels of Al.Understanding the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant may contribute to the improvement of tea plant cultivation and development of Al-tolerant crops.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the uptake,transport and accumulation of Al in tea plant and the genetic and environmental factors that affect these processes.We further highlight recent studies of Al in tea plant based on omics approaches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,ionomics and microbiomics.We present perspectives for future research that will be helpful to decipher the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant.展开更多
To understand the mineral elements in different varieties of tea （ Camellia sinensis）, 17 mineral elements in eight tea varieties including Yunnan Dayezhong, No. 43 Longjing and No. 6 Zaobaijian, were measured. The ...To understand the mineral elements in different varieties of tea （ Camellia sinensis）, 17 mineral elements in eight tea varieties including Yunnan Dayezhong, No. 43 Longjing and No. 6 Zaobaijian, were measured. The results showed that nine elements, such as P, K, Ba, Mn, Cu, were significantly different among varieties, others did not. Black tea varieties usually contain high contents of Cu and K. As a conclusion, mineral elements should be extensively considered in breeding tea varieties.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study the transferability of Camellia sinensis EST-SSRs in Theaceae plant.[Method] Seven pairs of EST-SSRs primers which derived from Camellia sinensis EST sequence were used to ampli...[Objective] The research aimed to study the transferability of Camellia sinensis EST-SSRs in Theaceae plant.[Method] Seven pairs of EST-SSRs primers which derived from Camellia sinensis EST sequence were used to amplify the nineteen materials of Theaceae plant.[Result] Five pairs in the seven pairs of EST-SSRs primers could effectively amplify the nineteen tested varieties,and the transferability rate was 71.43%.The amplification rate of Camellia retiacalate FengShanCha,Camellia japouica CaiXia and Camellia retiacalate JuBan was the highest.The amplification rate of Camellia synaptica Sealy and Adinandra sagonica var.wallichiana（oc）Ming was the lowest.Moreover,four pairs in the five pairs of primers which could effectively amplify showed the rich polymorphism whose difference was obvious in the tested materials.[Conclusion] SSR primers which were developed from Camellia sinensis genome had the higher transferability in the different genus and species of Theaceae plant,could be used in the comparative genome research and analysis mark research of Theaceae plant.展开更多
Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) gene...Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) genes among three tea species, i.e., Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Assam tea), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis(Chinese tea) and Camellia pubicosta(wild tea species) as no work on CUB was reported earlier. To understand the patterns of codon usage among the cp genes of three tea groups, we used bioinformatic tools to investigate the protein coding sequences of cp genes. In our present study, the mean nucleobase T was the highest whereas C was the lowest in all the three tea groups. The overall AT content was more than GC content, i.e., genes were AT rich. The scaled chi-square(SCS) value indicated that the CUB of cp genes was low. The codon CGT(Arg) was over-represented in C. sinensis var. sinensis whereas GGA(Pro) was over-represented in C. pubicosta species. Heatmap study revealed that most of the GC ending codons showed positive correlations between codon usage and GC3 while AT ending codons exhibited negative correlations. From neutrality plot analysis, it was evident that natural selection had played a major role, while mutation pressure exerted a minor effect in the CUB of cp genes in three tea groups. Highly significant(P<0.01) positive correlation was found between SCS and synonymous codon usage order(SCUO) of cp genes which suggested that high expression of cp genes was associated with high degree of CUB.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32070376)。
文摘In plants,the lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family represent a class of proteins that mediate the uptake,translocation,and utilization of amino acids.The tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is a perennial evergreen with a relatively high level of amino acids.However,systematic identification and molecular characterization of the LHT gene family has rarely been reported in tea plants.In this study,22 CsLHTs were identified from the‘Shuchazao’genome and classified into two groups.The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains presented a high similarity among the LHTs proteins.Moreover,it was predicted that a few genes were conserved through the analysis of the physiochemical characters,structures and cis-elements in promoters.The expression patterns in tea plants revealed that CsLHT7 was mainly expressed in the roots,and CsLHT4 and CsLHT11 exhibited relatively high expression in both the roots and leaves.Moreover,the expression of all three genes could be induced by organic nitrogen.Additionally,heterogeneous expression of CsLHT4,CsLHT7 and CsLHT11 in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the aerial parts biomass compared with that in WT plants while significantly increased the rosette biomass only for CsLHT11transgenic plants versus WT plants.Overall,our results provide fundamental information about CsLHTs and potential genes in N utilization for further analysis in tea plants.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970363,31161140350)the Key Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province,China(202101BC070003)supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services division。
文摘Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.
基金supported by the Guizhou University Talent Introduction Program([2021]05)Guizhou University Cultivation Program([2020]48)+2 种基金Institute of Technology of YF([2022]017)Guizhou Province High-Level Innovative Talents“Hundred”Level Talent Project(Qiankehe Platform Talent)GCC[2023]014Supported by the earmarked fund for GZMARS-Tea and Research on the Planting Technology of China HUANENG Photovoltaic Tea Garden(Project No.HNKJ2022-H135).
文摘The ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporter is a gene superfamily in plants.ATP-binding cassette subfamily C(ABCC)protein is a multidrug resistance-associated(MRP)transporter.They play various roles in plant growth,development,and secondary metabolite transport.However,there are few studies on ABCC transporters in tea plants.In this study,genome-wide association study(GWAS)analysis of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)content in 108 strains of Kingbird revealed that CsABCCs may be involved in EGCG transport.We identified 25 CsABCC genes at the genomic level of the tea plant,their phylogenetic tree,gene structure,targeted miRNA and other bioinformatics were analyzed.The expression patterns of CsABCCs in eight different tissues and abiotic stress indicate that they have potential roles in regulating the growth,development,and defense of tea plants.The correlation analysis revealed that the expression of the CsABCC11 gene was closely related to the EGCG content in tea buds of 108 strains of the Kingbird,and the subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that CsABCC11 protein was localized on the plasma membrane.The virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)strategy in tea plants further verified that CsABCC11 was involved in EGCG accumulation.Our study laid a foundation for studying the biological function of CsABCC and provided a new candidate molecular marker gene for further EGCG-related variety breeding,which will be of great interest to breeders.
文摘This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1.21 × 10<sup>10</sup>, 2.18 × 10<sup>8</sup>, and 6.49 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.
基金supported by the Major Special Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation on Anxi Tea, China (AX2021001)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain, China (K1520005A01)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-19)the fund for Excellent Master’s Dissertations of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (1122YS01007)。
文摘Various genetic and biochemical characteristics exist in tea plant cultivars,and they largely determine production suitability and tea quality.Here,we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young shoots of seven tea cultivars and identified major regulatory transcription factors(TFs)for the characteristic metabolites in different cultivars based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Phenotypically,we found that‘Tieguanyin’(TGY)and‘Fujian Shuixian’(FJSX),which are suitable for oolong tea,had higher catechin contents.The metabolites of‘Jinxuan’(JX)were more prominent,especially the contents of phenolic acids,flavonoids,terpenes,and tannins,which were higher than those of the other six cultivars.Moreover,‘Fudingdabai’(FDDB),which is suitable for white tea,was rich in amino acids,linolenic acid,and saccharides.At the molecular level,hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)(CsTGY12G0001876,and CsTGY06G0003042)led to the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in TGY.The main reason for the higher l-ascorbic acid content in FJSX was the high expression levels of L-galactono-1,4-lactone hydrogenase(GalLDH)(CsTGY13G0000389)and Myo-inositol oxygenase(MIOX)(CsTGY14G0001769,and CsTGY14G0001770),which were regulated by WRKY(CsTGY11G0001197).Furthermore,FDDB,‘Longjing 43’(LJ43),‘Shuchazao’(SCZ)and‘Baihaozao’(BHZ)had higher free fatty acid contents,among which MYB(CsTGY14G0002344)may be a hub gene for the regulation of palmitoleic acid accumulation.More importantly,we found that the shoots of TGY were green with purple,mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and the downregulation of the Mg-protoporphyrin IX nonomethyl ester cyclase(MPEC)(CsTGY10G0001989)gene that affects chlorophyll synthesis.These results will provide a theoretical reference for tea cultivar breeding and suitability.
基金This study was funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20210706092103024)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020220004).
文摘Dear Editor,Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is one of the world’s most important non-alcoholic beverages,with great economic,health,and cultural value.Recently,several genomes of C.sinensis var.assamica(CSA)(Yunkang 10),C.sinensis var.sinensis(CSS)(Shuchazao,Biyun,Longjing 43,Tieguanyin,Huangdan),and ancient tea plant(DASZ)have been deciphered[1-3].
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFD1000401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32070376)+1 种基金the Program of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Resources in Hubei Province (Grant No. 2021DFE016)the Key Technology of Safety Production to Improve Tea Quality and Efficiency in Three Gorges Reservoir Area。
文摘Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, the main biochemical components, leaf morphological and yield characteristics were evaluated for four rounds of tea leaves in a panel of 87 elite tea cultivars suitable for black, green, or oolong tea. Significant variations were observed among the tea cultivars, as well as seasonal differences in the levels of the free amino acid(FAA), caffeine(CAF), tea polyphenols(TP), water extract(WE) and TP to FAA ratio(TP/FAA). Results showed that the average levels of FAA showed a seasonal change, with the highest level of 4.0% in the 1st spring tea in the cultivars suitable for green tea and the lowest of 3.2% in summer tea in the cultivars suitable for black tea. The average CAF content was highest 3.2% in the cultivars suitable for oolong tea in the 1st spring and the lowest 2.5% in the cultivars suitable for green tea in summer. Limited seasonal and varietal variations were noticed in the average levels of WE among the three categories of tea. In addition, significant natural variation of the morphological characteristics, bud length varying from 2.5 cm to 8.7 cm, bud density from 190.3 buds · m-2to 1 730.3 buds · m-2, mature leaves biomass from 128.4 kg · hm-2to 2 888.4 kg · hm-2, and yield component traits of 100 buds(one bud with two leaves) dry weight from 3.7 g to37.7 g, tea yield/round from 444.6 kg · hm-2to 905.3 kg · hm-2, were observed. The aim of our evaluation was not only to identify the advantages of seasonal and clonal variations but also to provide a new viewpoint for their further application. Representative accessions were selected from the germplasm to promote the establishment of an inherent biochemical constituent expressing the quality of black, green, and oolong tea. The findings might be utilized to establish early selection criteria to enhance the tea breeding and production program.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1003103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(3211101118)NSFC-DFG collaborative project.
文摘Tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is widely planted on acidic soils where aluminum(Al)toxicity is considered as a primary factor limiting plant growth.Unlike most plant species,tea plant is Al tolerant and accumulates high levels of Al.Understanding the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant may contribute to the improvement of tea plant cultivation and development of Al-tolerant crops.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the uptake,transport and accumulation of Al in tea plant and the genetic and environmental factors that affect these processes.We further highlight recent studies of Al in tea plant based on omics approaches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,ionomics and microbiomics.We present perspectives for future research that will be helpful to decipher the mechanisms underlying Al tolerance and accumulation in tea plant.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Development Program of Si-chuanKey Scientific and Technological Project of Tea Breeding Pro-ject in Sichuan Province during Eleventh Five-year Plan~~
文摘To understand the mineral elements in different varieties of tea （ Camellia sinensis）, 17 mineral elements in eight tea varieties including Yunnan Dayezhong, No. 43 Longjing and No. 6 Zaobaijian, were measured. The results showed that nine elements, such as P, K, Ba, Mn, Cu, were significantly different among varieties, others did not. Black tea varieties usually contain high contents of Cu and K. As a conclusion, mineral elements should be extensively considered in breeding tea varieties.
基金Supported by"Provincial and Ministerial Key Discipline,Provincial Key Laboratory of University and School Laboratory Sharing Platform" ItemSouthwest Forestry University Key Fund Item(110909)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the transferability of Camellia sinensis EST-SSRs in Theaceae plant.[Method] Seven pairs of EST-SSRs primers which derived from Camellia sinensis EST sequence were used to amplify the nineteen materials of Theaceae plant.[Result] Five pairs in the seven pairs of EST-SSRs primers could effectively amplify the nineteen tested varieties,and the transferability rate was 71.43%.The amplification rate of Camellia retiacalate FengShanCha,Camellia japouica CaiXia and Camellia retiacalate JuBan was the highest.The amplification rate of Camellia synaptica Sealy and Adinandra sagonica var.wallichiana（oc）Ming was the lowest.Moreover,four pairs in the five pairs of primers which could effectively amplify showed the rich polymorphism whose difference was obvious in the tested materials.[Conclusion] SSR primers which were developed from Camellia sinensis genome had the higher transferability in the different genus and species of Theaceae plant,could be used in the comparative genome research and analysis mark research of Theaceae plant.
文摘Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) genes among three tea species, i.e., Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Assam tea), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis(Chinese tea) and Camellia pubicosta(wild tea species) as no work on CUB was reported earlier. To understand the patterns of codon usage among the cp genes of three tea groups, we used bioinformatic tools to investigate the protein coding sequences of cp genes. In our present study, the mean nucleobase T was the highest whereas C was the lowest in all the three tea groups. The overall AT content was more than GC content, i.e., genes were AT rich. The scaled chi-square(SCS) value indicated that the CUB of cp genes was low. The codon CGT(Arg) was over-represented in C. sinensis var. sinensis whereas GGA(Pro) was over-represented in C. pubicosta species. Heatmap study revealed that most of the GC ending codons showed positive correlations between codon usage and GC3 while AT ending codons exhibited negative correlations. From neutrality plot analysis, it was evident that natural selection had played a major role, while mutation pressure exerted a minor effect in the CUB of cp genes in three tea groups. Highly significant(P<0.01) positive correlation was found between SCS and synonymous codon usage order(SCUO) of cp genes which suggested that high expression of cp genes was associated with high degree of CUB.
