Effect of Tree Species and Dosage of Rhizomorph Wood on Asexual Propagation of Wild Gastrodia elata. Bl. f. glauca S. Chow in Ganzi

The effects of the tree species and the dosages of Armillariella mellea rhizomoph wood on asexual propagation of wild Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow were studied in Ganzi prefecture. The results showed that tree species had a very significant effect on asexual reproduction yield of wild Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow. The drying rate and yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow cultured by close grained woods such as Quercus spinosa David ex Fr. was extremely significant higher than that cultured by coarse grained wood such as Betula platyphylla Suk. The dosage had a very significant effect on the yield of wild Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow whereas it had no influence on the drying rate.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

Can incidental sighting data be used to elucidate habitat preferences and areas of suitable habitat for a cryptic species?

The involvement of communities in ecological studies has been shown to augment conservation efforts,especially for cryptic species.However,there is a lack of studies addressing the utility of incidental sighting records from community members in gaining knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of suitable habitat for these organisms.This study compares preferences of the Lumholtz’s tree kangaroo(Dendrolagus lumholtzi;LTK),a cryptic rainforest folivore in northeastern Australia,for various habitat and climatic variables derived from data collected during scientific projects to those derived from incidental sighting records using ArcGIS and Maxent.Incidental sighting records suggest that the species uses a wider range of altitudes,annual rainfalls,annual mean temperatures and vegetation types than predicted by scientific studies.Incidental records also show that the species can persist in areas of lower rainfall during the wettest month and lower minimum temperature during the coldest month.Both data place the species within a comparable range of rainfalls during the driest month,maximum temperatures of the warmest month and soil types.When using identified preferences to assess the extent and distribution of suitable habitat,incidental records predicted more areas of suitable habitat than scientific records with an overlap of up to 91%between them.The present study proves that incidental sighting records can be a valuable part of the study of cryptic species and should be considered complementarily alongside scientific studies to obtain comprehensive ecological information of a species that can assist in its conservation.

天津市常见针叶树吸滞重金属及硫能力分析

【目的】筛选出不同污染条件下对重金属及S吸滞较强的树种。【方法】使用Elementa Vario EL III CHNOS元素分析仪测定天津市常见针叶树种,对昆仑桥(市区)、水上公园(近郊公园区)、蓟县(远郊园林区)和杨柳青庄园(远郊风景区)4个区域叶片中重金属元素含量和S进行分析。【结果】不同地点桧柏、龙柏和雪松叶片吸滞污染元素综合排序一致,均为:S>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd;不同地点桧柏吸滞能力由远郊—近郊—市区逐渐显著增强,不同地点龙柏吸滞能力为近郊—市区—远郊风景区—远郊园林区逐渐减弱,不同地点雪松吸滞能力与污染程度密切相关,从远郊—近郊逐渐显著增强;每种元素含量的最高值与最低值相差在1~5倍,Cd和Cr最大,Pb最小。【结论】不同地点相同树木叶片中吸滞重金属和S的能力差异较小,但季节差异性较大。

樟树品种选择在园林绿化中的应用

为提高樟树的园林绿化效果,充分发挥其对人们生活生环境改善和保健功能,以福建省樟树资源为研究对象,采用试验室蒸馏法提取樟树油,分析油的主要成分,对樟树不同生化型进行分类。针对芳樟类型进行深入分析,结果表明:芳樟不同器官含油率和芳樟醇含量存在极显著差异,以叶片含量最高;无性系间含油率和含醇量也存在极显著差异,选择的优良单株可获得50%以上的增益;筛选出8个芳樟优良无性系,可得到综合得油率为1.77%、芳樟醇含量为95.9%和樟脑含量小于0.30%的效果。将其应用于园林绿化实践中,能起到事半功倍的绿化、香化和美化的良好效果,有很高的使用价值和经济价值。

华南冠网蝽的发生规律及药剂防治

为了给华南冠网蝽的综合治理提供理论依据,对华南冠网蝽的发生规律及药剂防治进行了试验研究。结果表明:华南冠网蝽在长沙地区1a发生5代,以卵越冬;4.5%高氯50000倍液、3%啶虫脒50000倍液和10%吡虫啉1500倍液等防治效果均在95%以上。

珍稀濒危树种蒜头果引种育苗技术及生长节律研究

在皖南地区气候条件下,采用合理的种子储藏和播种技术,蒜头果可获得成功,进行适当的御寒措施,可顺利越冬。观测结果表明,一年生苗在7月中旬和8月中旬各有一个较快的苗高生长高峰期,8月上旬和10月下旬各有一个较快的地径生长高峰期。二年生留床苗5月中旬-6月中旬出现明显的苗高生长高峰期,地径在5月上旬、7月中旬和10月下旬各有一个生长高峰期。由于当年播种苗与翌年留床苗生长期长短不同,蒜头果苗高、地径的生长节律有较大的差异,生产中应根据不同苗龄的生长特性,采用合理的苗期管理措施。

天津主要绿化树种叶片吸滞重金属及硫的能力分析

以天津市主要绿化树种为研究对象,对叶片中重金属元素含量和S进行了分析。结果表明：不同树种叶片吸滞As含量最多的是白蜡（143.48mg/kg）,最小是杨树（121.80mg/kg）;吸滞Cd含量最多是桧柏（1.05mg/kg）,最小的是槐树（0.27mg/kg）;吸滞Cr含量最多的是杨树（15.98mg/kg）,最小的是龙柏（11.65mg/kg）;吸滞Cu含量最多的是白蜡（41.85mg/kg）,最小的是龙柏（20.20mg/kg）;吸滞Pb含量最多的是白蜡（47.01mg/kg）,最小的是杨树（35.39mg/kg）;吸滞S含量最多的是柳树（7.96g/kg）,最小的是龙柏（1.44g/kg）;元素含量的最高值与最低值相差在1-6倍之间,排序基本为：S〉Cu〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉As;不同季节叶片中Pb和Cr含量差异性较高,龙柏中冬季Cr含量为秋季的8.90倍,冬季Pb含量为夏季的13.72倍,相差最大。结合四个季节的平均数据,不同绿化树种对重金属元素和S元素吸滞能力总排序为：白蜡〉槐树〉雪松〉柳树〉龙柏〉杨树〉桧柏。

厦门典型树种的HJ-1A/B NDVI时序数据滤波算法及物候特性

植被指数具有明显的季节节律,归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)时间序列可以获取地表植被物候信息,HJ-1 A/B兼具高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率的特点,为中小尺度范围树种物候特性应用与分析提供了丰富的时间序列数据。本文针对厦门市8个典型树种,选择Savizky-Glolay (S-G)滤波法和时间序列谐波分析法(Hants)对58景HJ-1 A/B NDVI曲线进行滤波重构,选用平均值、平均绝对误差和相关系数等指标对滤波结果进行定量评价,结合NDVI比率对8个树种的物候特性进行分析,最后探讨了气温和降水等气象因子对树种NDVI时序波动的影响。结果表明:S-G和Hants滤波方法均能很好地还原物候特征变化明显的植被,Hants谐波的平滑程度最好;7个树种(尾叶桉除外)的NDVI值均处于较高的水平,NDVI时序年内波动并不剧烈,双峰形态表现明显,NDVI值在5、6月达到顶峰,7、8月下降,10月达到第二个峰值,第二个峰值比第一个峰值低;8个树种的生长期持续时间较长,持续7~8个月,除尾叶桉的生长起始时间为2月底外,其他树种均在4月底进入生长期,11月生长期结束,在7月达到生长顶峰;生长期内出现生长期减缓的情况,8月出现生长谷值,生长曲线表现为双峰形态;树种的生长对7月降水量骤减有很明显的响应,不同树种的滞后期不同,生长降低的速度存在一定的差异,但大多表现为8月NDVI比率谷值。研究成果为亚热带地区HJ-1 A/B NDVI时间序列数据的滤波方法选择、典型树种物候特性及树种精细分类研究提供了一定的参考。