Analysis and Reform Strategies of Campus Landscape of Hainan University

Campus landscape as an important campus green space carries such important functions as traffic, learning, communication, recreation, and entertainment. Landscape design of campus green spaces should not only be practical and beautiful, but also be able to show the natural and cultural atmosphere of campus, and the charm of the university based on its regional features, ecological environment and historical context. Through further analysis of green space landscape on Haidian Campus of Hainan University,this paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of its green space landscape, and proposed the strategies for improving campus green space landscape of Hainan University from the perspectives of regionality, ecology and individuality.

Analysis of the Response and Driving Forces of Urban Landscape Pattern during Urbanization of Zhangjiagang City in China

By taking Zhangjiagang City as the research object, with the guidance of 3S (GIS, GPS and RS) and the theory of landscape ecology, based on the remote sensing images from 1991 to 2006, land use maps and social-economic statistical data, by combining with gradient analytical method, eight landscape pattern metrics had been selected to analyze the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City and urban landscape pattern change characteristics at different stages of urbanization. The results showed that the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City could be divided into two stages which were the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City from 1991 to 2001 and the suburbanization of Zhangjiagang City from 2001 to 2006 based on landscape metrics' change characteristics. During urbanization, the response was obvious in the urban center of Zhangjiagang City, and urban landscape pattern changed greatly. During suburbanization, the response was obvious in the rural area of Zhangjiagang City and rural landscape pattern changed greatly. The urbanization of Zhangjiagang City conformed to the urbanization mode based on population theory and extension theory. Urbanization firstly affected the urban center, and then extended to its surrounding areas, and further influenced widespread rural areas. During suburbanization, agricultural land had decreased and been seriously destroyed; thus, it should strengthen the protection of agricultural land.

Study on the Ecological Patterns of Campus Landscape

According to the QuickBird satellite images with 0.61 m resolution on October 5,2009,the images of three campuses in Jinshui District,Zhengzhou City,Henan Province were interpreted and analyzed by MapGIS.Interpretation signs were constructed based on field investigation and after adjustment of the images,landscape index of three campuses were obtained as well as their landscape fractal dimensions and patch shape index.These figures would be used to compare the campus landscape of the three universities and analyze the differences in their landscape patterns.Finally the reasonable layout was presented,and it was suggested to rationally design the campus landscape and enhance the humanistic construction based on the original topography and landform,aiming to provide references for designing the landscape pattern on campus.

Embodiment of "Ecological,Cultural,Landscape,Vigorous" Campus—A Case Study of the Planning of Environmental greening in New Campus of Laiwu Vocational and Technical College

The general situation of new campus of Laiwu Vocational and Technical College was introduced.The guiding ideology was that with the purpose of serving faculties and students as the purpose,the designing will be fully combined with excellent natural environment and campus technology and culture,and with ecological landscape as the major and sustainable development as the aim,striving to highlight the theme and landscape,a comfortable,vigorous,innovative and beautiful outdoor spatial environment would be created.In accordance with the planning principle of "people-orientation,ecology,sustainable development,embodying the characteristics of landscapes,overall planning and varied practices",based on the planning thought of "procession of whole and part,of technology and art,of buildings and environment and of landscaping methods",the overall planning and regional division of constructing "ecological,cultural,landscape,vigorous" campus was proposed,that is,the campus environment would be divided into six functional zones(the entrance door zone,footsteps zone,teaching activities zone,life services zone,athletic activities zone and ecological recreation zone) and ten scenic areas(gate landscape area,scientific and technological culture corridor,ecological recreation area,culture exhibition area,Xiushui Lake scenic area,knowledge park,living landscape area,art exhibition area,mountainous scenic area and sports activities area),and meanwhile landscaping plants were planned.

Green Ecological Landscape Campus Planning of Lu'an No.1 High School in Anhui Province of China

Based on the natural environment of Lu'an No.1 High School, its plane layout has been defined as one jade belt, three functional zones and one ecological landscape circle. Two entrances have been introduced to form an axial layout in the shape of "T", constituting main functional footpaths. An ecological landscape belt in the shape of "L" has formed along the river system on the southeast side, functioning as a waterfront walking patch. Buildings on the campus are arranged in groups and green landscape place has been designed based on natural environment. Geothermal system, roof greening and solar energy have been adopted to construct Lu'an No.1 High School into a campus landscape integrating into environment, with good ecology, comfortable, pleasant and harmonious, so as to provide a reference for the planning and design of ecological campus.

The Landscape Analysis of Viticulture and Enology in Georgia

Georgia has been the country of vines and wine since ancient times, and historically vine growing and wine making has performed the function of one of the leading branches of economy. The diverse and rich information about growing vines and producing wine in Georgia can be found in historical and modem scientific literatures as well. Javakhishvili reviewed 413 vine species from the ancient period in his work： ＂Economic History of Georgia＂. Nowadays there are more than 420 species in Georgia or 2.5% of the whole world assortment, from which 27 are for wine, 14 edible and 41 standard species. According to the ecological and economic conditions, Georgia is divided into 11 main regions from the viewpoint of specialization and concentration of vine growing, of which Kakheti, Kartli, Imereti, Racha and Lechkhumi are the most important regions. All these regions are both producers and users of grapes and wine. The climate of Kakheti is favorable to develop the vine industry here. They are： Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Mtsvane, Kabeme and Khikhvi. Kakheti gives more than half of branded wines of the republic. Fifty-four percent of vineyards of the country are placed, and 65%-68% of total wines in Georgia are produced in Kakheti.

On University Campus Landscape Design

In a few years,with the progress of China's society,material needs and spiritual needs are in the corresponding enhancement.All needs and requirements of society for talents are in the unceasing increase and improvement,and certainly will need to increase the country's national education.Our country put forward the strategy of developing the country through science and education,and the university education is the center of it.So our country on the one hand,through expanding enrollment rate,let more people to accept higher education;On the other hand,through increasing the investment of the infrastructure construction in colleges and universities,the campus can satisfy the need of more features.Along with the progress of market economy and urban modernization,the campus development level has become an important symbol in measuring the progress of a city,a regional economic and cultural development.It is also the origin to transport all kinds of advanced talents for urban.The construction of university campus is gradually developed in such an environment,striving to reflect new period,new era university campus's new look and new attitude.Trying to develop the campus to which has its own characteristic humanities landscape and put the characteristic of open and humanistic,functional and artistic quality,ecological and sustainable in organic combination of unity,advancing with The Times.

Ecological Restoration Planning and Design of Campus River:a Case study of the Qiusuo Brook in China Three Gorges University

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University,this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results,i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution—restore sediment microorganism—build intensified plant filter strip—build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes—maintain ecological river course".In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode,this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement,restoration of sediment microorganism,restoration of water plants,ecological restoration of embankment etc.,and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects,in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Gorges University and other similar projects.

Analysis of Ecological Environment Changes in Linze from 2000 to 2017 Based on Remote Sensing Images

With the support of RS and GIS technology,the ecological environment of Linze was evaluated and the changes of ecological environment were analyzed from the spatial scope of ecosystem with the remote sensing images in 2000 and 2017 as the information source.The results showed that the areas with excellent,relatively good and relatively poor ecological environment in Linze showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2017,which decreased by 262.50,7,156.25 and 12,256.30 hm^2,respectively.From the landscape patch pattern,the patch density in areas with relatively good ecological environment increased the fastest from 2000 to 2017,which was 13.05 pieces/hm^2.The largest plaque index in areas with relatively good ecological environment decreased by 1.314%,and the dominance of large plaque in the region decreased.The assessment results of ecological environment based on remote sensing demonstrated that the ecological environment in Linze was generally healthy from 2000 to 2017,and the deterioration was improved.Among them,the area transformed from relatively poor ecological environment to other types was the largest,which was 17,512.92 hm^2,and the proportion of the area transformed into general ecological environment was the highest,accounting for 80.7%of the transformed area of the region.

A conceptual model for a process-oriented landscape pattern analysis

Linking landscape patterns to specific ecological processes has been and will continue to be the key topic in landscape ecology.However,this goal is difficult to achieve by using the traditional landscape metric based on the Patch-Mosaic Model(PMM),as they don’t integrate ecological processes with landscape patterns.In this paper,we proposed a conceptual model,i.e.,the Source-Pathway-Sink Model(SPSM),which designates the role of a landscape unit into "source", "sink",or "pathway" based on specific ecological processes during the landscape pattern analysis.While the traditional landscape metrics derived from the PMM model is visual-or geometrical-oriented and lack of linkage to ecological significance,the SPSM model is process-oriented,dynamic,and scale dependent.A comparison between the PMM and the SPSM models shows that the SPSM model is complementary to the PMM model,and can provide a simple and dynamic perspective on landscape pattern analysis.The SPSM model may represent a conceptual innovation in landscape ecology.

Current Situation of Ancient and Famous Trees and Ecological Landscapes in Classical Suzhou Gardens

Due to the regional characteristics and special environment of classical Suzhou gardens, ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources, but also witnesses and recorders of history, so they have unique attributes and value of humanistic resources. On this basis, current situation of ancient and famous trees as well as ecological landscapes formed by these trees in classical Suzhou gardens were analyzed, connotations of these trees elaborated, and relevant regulations taken to identify the grade of these trees. Ancient and famous trees in 9 classical Chinese gardens were investigated, specifically, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden, the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, the Pavilion of Surging Waves, the Lion Grove Garden, the Garden of Cultivation, the Couple's Retreat Garden and the Garden of Pleasure. Compared with statistics obtained in 2002, the quantity of ancient and famous trees in these 9 gardens reduced by 11. History and growth state of some trees were introduced, such as Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Ginkgo biloba L., Sabina chinensis (Linn.) Ant., Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur., and significance of the principle-"right tree for right land" for ancient trees aged 100 years or more was stressed. Moreover, it was stressed that garden protection should also devote more attention to researches on plants.

APPLYING ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO UNIVERSITY PLANNING

This article summarises how ecological design principles have become incorporated into landscape design in Great Britain.A case study of the planning and construction of a new University Campus at Riccarton,a country estate on the outskirts of Edinburgh is used to show ecological landscape design in practice since 1968.

基于多源遥感数据时序分析的国家级森林公园生态系统健康评价

国家级森林公园具有丰富的自然资源与重要的生态功能,是生态安全屏障和生态文化遗产的重要载体。定量评价国家级森林公园生态系统健康,有助于促进生态文明建设和可持续发展。以湖南雪峰山国家森林公园为例,利用长时间序列的遥感影像数据,系统分析研究区的生态用地景观格局变化规律,并对其生态系统健康进行评价。结果表明:(1)2011—2022年,研究区的土地利用变化以耕地和建设用地增加,林地、草地和水域减少为主。(2)生态系统结构整体呈增长趋势,表明生态系统的整体结构相对稳定,在空间分布上存在一定的异质性,低值地区的生态系统结构较为单一。(3)生态系统功能整体呈现微弱减少的趋势,而50.91%的地区表现增长趋势,表明研究区的生态系统功能在大多数地区仍有所提高。(4)研究区的生态系统健康整体呈增长趋势,在空间上呈现明显的空间异质性,高值地区主要分布在雪峰山中段的苏宝顶北部和东部区域,而低值地区主要集中在雪峰山主中段的高海拔地区。研究结果能为该区域制定科学合理的生态保护政策提供良好的数据支撑和决策依据。

基于功能连接度的城市生态廊道空间范围划定研究

如何科学确定城市生态廊道空间范围是城乡规划和风景园林领域最为关心的问题之一。基于电路理论模型量化源地间物种转移廊道的功能连接度,引入经济学“效益成本比”思想构建城市生态廊道空间范围划定模型,提取生态廊道功能连接度效益成本比的拐点作为该条廊道规划建设的参照宽度。结果显示:(1)研究区共识别59个30hm^(2)以上的生态源地,其中大型生态源地多处在研究区外围,景观阻力面空间分布特征具有明显地“核心-边缘”特征;(2)基于最小成本路径模型与电路理论提取出126条生态廊道,并识别了重要生态源地、夹点及障碍点,发现障碍点与夹点空间存在明显拮抗关系;(3)整合电路理论(Circuitscape平台Pairwise模式)与分段线性回归模型划定研究区城市生态廊道的参考宽度范围处于60.27~371.83m,并对比了现有功能连接度量化方法对廊道参照宽度有潜在影响。以上研究结论可为今后城市乃至区域生态网络构建提供科学借鉴。

基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建

定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。

基于景观生态风险评价的景观格局优化研究——以嘉陵江流域为例

为了促进嘉陵江流域生态系统的健康发展,采用空间主成分分析法、加权叠加分析法和最小累积阻力模型对流域景观生态风险进行了研究.结果表明:嘉陵江流域高与较高生态风险区主要位于嘉陵江流域上游局部地区,中、下游的西南部地区.遴选出22个生态源地、构建出15条生态廊道、辨识出17个生态节点,形成点—线—面多层次生态网络优化格局;对比嘉陵江流域景观格局优化前后的连通性指数发现,优化后的整体景观连通性提高了87.35%.建议该区域在今后的建设中,应加强生态源地的保护、生态廊道及生态节点的建设以形成稳定的、物种丰富的生态系统.

高校校园景观评价及提升策略研究——以杭州地区高校为例

为合理评价并积极提升高校校园景观质量,以杭州地区8所高校为研究对象,通过使用者对校园景观重要性和满意度的评价问卷,结合因子分析法构建了4个目标层、24个指标要素的高校校园景观评价体系,并运用IPA根据满意度与重要性结果评估和优化校园景观。结果表明:高校校园景观的重点改进区域分别为景观空间尺度适宜性、热舒适性、环境干扰度、服务设施完善性、提供非正式学习空间;次要调整区域是铺地的丰富度与引导性、社交促进、自然声音丰富度、激发学习兴趣、提供课程体验实践机会、作为展示平台、科普教育性、活动多样性。最终,针对性地从完善基础设施、优化空间布局、增强活动体验三方面对高校校园景观提出了优化建议。

三明市区景观格局时空演变及生态网络构建研究

生态网络的构建充分利用了山地型城市所具备的良好生态环境,减弱了快速城市化带来的负面影响,提升了区域生态系统服务能力和生物多样性。以三明市区为研究区域,对比分析了2000、2010和2020年3个时期的景观格局、生态源地和生态阻力面的变化,运用形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)方法、电路理论和重力模型等判定重要生态源地,构建生态廊道,并提出相应的优化策略。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年三明市区核心区面积占研究区域总面积的比例均超过50%,但呈现逐年下降趋势。(2)三明市区有11个重要生态源地,构建了24条生态廊道。(3)运用重力模型将廊道分为3类,其中1级廊道2条,2级廊道5条,3级廊道17条。(4)识别出22个踏脚石、47个生态夹点、54个障碍点和114个断裂点。(5)提出修复生态断裂点、建设踏脚石、保护生态夹点、去除生态障碍点的优化策略来提升生态网络稳定性,增强区域景观连通性。研究结果可为山地城市的生态网络构建提供参考。

基于MSPA和MCR模型的株洲市生态网络构建与优化

为解决快速城镇化导致的生态空间布局破碎等问题,构建起湖南省东部重要生态屏障,以湖南省株洲市为对象,通过形态学空间格局分析和景观连接度水平评价,筛选出景观连通性较高的生态源地斑块,基于最小累积阻力模型和重力模型,提取生态廊道并对生态廊道重要性进行评价构建株洲市生态网络,根据株洲市历史文化景观资源对生态网络进行优化。结果表明,1)初步构建的生态网络包括25个生态源地和300条生态廊道,共判别97个生态节点和92个生态障碍点,其中,市辖区及醴陵市西部、攸县北部的生态源地破碎化程度较高,生态廊道在东北部市辖区、西北部和攸县东部分布较少,重要生态节点主要分布在株洲北部,生态障碍点总体上呈现北多南少。2)增加了12个踏脚石斑块,其中4个作为补充生态源地,同时也新增106条生态廊道,以实现生态网络的优化。3)优化后的生态网络连通性增强,网络闭合指数、网络连接度指数和网络连通率指数分别增加了0.96、2、0.66。研究结果可为市域生态网络体系构建和国土空间规划与生态修复等研究提供参考和理论依据。

“三生”空间视角下国内采矿迹地再利用研究进展、热点及趋势

采矿迹地再利用是推进资源型地区高质量发展的重要组成部分,也是实现新时期生态文明建设的必然要求。本文运用CiteSpace文献计量方法,以“采矿迹地再利用”知识谱系框架为主题,筛选中国知网(CNKI)数据库近30年的442篇相关研究文献,从研究时间、作者及发文机构、热点内容与前沿趋势对已有研究进行梳理,并立足“三生”空间视角进行归纳和总结。研究结果表明:①国内采矿迹地再利用关注度较强,各研究方向之间联系日渐紧密,研究机构之间网络体系趋向成熟,发展已进入平稳期。②“三生”空间视角下,围绕生产空间的土地复垦、生态园区建设、接续替代产业发展;生活空间维度的低效用地开发、产业“退二进三”;生态空间维度的生态修复、湿地公园建设等当前研究的主流开始呈现跨学科的纵深发展。③后续采矿迹地再利用的研究已逐步转向资源价值的再认识、资源型地区城乡融合发展与“三生”融合下的区域生态安全格局构建。该研究可为采矿迹地再利用与社会、经济、生态协调发展提供借鉴。