Case Study-Performances of a Masonry House-Energy Consumption and Air-Tightness

Air-tightness and energy consumption was measured in a one-family house built in 2009 and 2010.The air-tightness fulfilled the goals,which was set to 0.3 L/s·m^(2).The energy consumption was measured from the start in May 2010.The figures in this report refer to measurements between May 2010 and October 2013 and are well below the authority demand of 55 kWh/m^(2)·year.

Amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity-quantitative measurement of iodine density in the liver using dual-energy computed tomography:Three case reports

BACKGROUND Amiodarone is the drug most commonly used to manage arrhythmias.Long-term amiodarone administration causes hepatotoxicity due to iodine accumulation in the liver.Here,we present three cases of amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity in patients on long-term oral amiodarone therapy who underwent dual-energy computed tomography(DECT).CASE SUMMARY We report the clinical and iodine density in the liver using DECT in three patients with amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity.Liver enzymes were increased in these three patients,and abdominal DECT without contrast medium showed highly increased attenuation in the liver.Furthermore,the iodine concentration in the liver was increased.The first patient with amiodarone-induced reversible hepatotoxicity,showed a reversible course of liver function and a decrease in CT values after discontinuation of amiodarone.The second patient on long-term oral amiodarone had increased iodine concentration in the liver and liver damage,the patient eventually developed rapidly progressive pneumonia and died of multiple organ failure.The third patient,showed an increased iodine concentration in the liver and elevated liver enzymes.However,the patient refused radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation and continued oral amiodarone to control atrial fibrillation,and routine liver function tests were required every 3-6 mo in this patient.CONCLUSION DECT is a potentially noninvasive diagnostic tool for quantifying iodine concentration in the liver and monitoring adverse reactions due to amiodarone.

A Case Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Atmospheric Variables and Energy Budgets in a Semi-Arid Region of China

The authors present a case study investigating the impacts of dust aerosols on surface atmospheric variables and energy budgets in a semi-arid region of China. Enhanced observational meteorological data, radiative fluxes, near-surface heat fluxes, and concentrations of dust aerosols were collected from Tongyu station, one of the reference sites of the International Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP), during a typical dust storm event in June 2006. A comprehensive analysis of these data show that in this semi-arid area, higher wind velocities and a continuously reduced air pressure were identified during the dust storm period. Dust storm events are usually associated with low relative humidity weather conditions, which result in low latent heat flux values. Dust aerosols suspended in the air decrease the net radiation, mainly by reducing the direct solar radiation reaching the land surface. This reduction in net radiation results in a decrease in soil temperatures at a depth of 2 cm. The combination of increased air temperature and decreased soil temperature strengthens the energy exchange of the atmosphere-earth system, increasing the surface sensible heat flux. After the dust storm event, the atmosphere was dominated by higher pressures and was relatively wet and cold. Net radiation and latent heat flux show an evident increase, while the surface sensible heat flux shows a clear decrease.

Energy,exergy,economic and environmental comprehensive analysis and multi-objective optimization of a sustainable zero liquid discharge integrated process for fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater

For a long time,China's regional water resource imbalance has restricted the development of coal chemical industry,and it is imperative to achieve zero liquid discharge(ZLD).Therefore,the game relationship between technical indicators,costs and emissions in ZLD process of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process should be explored in detail.According to the accurate model,the simulation for ZLD of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process is established,and this process is assessed from the perspective of thermodynamics,economy,and environment.The total energy consumption of ZLD process before optimization is 4.032×10^(8)W.The results of exergy analysis show exergy destruction of ZLD process is 94.55%.For economic and environmental results,the total annual cost is 1.892×10^(7)USD·a^(-1)and the total environmental impact is 4.782×10^(-8).The total energy consumption of the optimal six-step ZLD process based on multi-objective optimization is 4.028×10^(8)W.The CO_(2)content in the treated wastewater is 0.1%.This study will have an important role in promoting the establishment of the ZLD process for coal chemistry industry.

New correlations for evaluating the equivalent bare charge mass for a cased charge

Munitions contain casings that consume explosive energy.The blast load(e.g.,peak overpressure and maximum impulse)intensity generated by ammunition explosion will be lower than that generated by a bare charge with equal mass.To evaluate the blast load of a cased charge under different conditions,the equivalent bare mass needs to be calculated.However,the accuracy of existing correlations strongly depends on the empirical determination of relevant controlling parameters and lacks theoretical clarification.In this paper,new correlations are proposed based on a more rigorous theoretical derivation,considering both the mechanical behaviors of the casing’s material and the change of the polytropic exponent during the expansion process of the explosion products.The controlling parameters are attributed to the rupture radius ratio and the polytropic exponent of detonation products expansion to casing rupture state.The reasonability is validated by both comprehensive numerical simulations with dynamic mechanical constitutive model and theoretical derivations.The results calculated by the new correlation show better agreement with the experimental results than those calculated by previous correlations,and the results difference is explained in more consistency with the thermos-physical properties of the charge and mechanical behaviors of casing material.Furthermore,the correlation of the cased-to-bare impulse ratio is also theoretically improved,providing a more accurate theoretical basis for both the equivalent bare mass and impulse evaluation for a cased charge.

Network Connection and Energy Radiation through Grassroots Master Teacher Studios--A Case Study Based on Distributed Perspective

Distributed leadership is a collective leadership mode in which multiple members of the organization dynamically share leadership roles according to changes in capability and environment,so as to achieve leadership sharing and leadership energy radiation.Facing the distributed leadership practice of Master Teacher Studio that really occur in education management can make our understanding and description of its original ecological and endogenous construction process more objectively,meticulously and deeply.Through the generation and expansion of the case studio with the characteristics of"grassroots",the empowerment and differentiation of leaders,the stimulation and radiation of members leadership,the generation process of"grassroots"Master Teacher Studio from the initial construction of"uniline"mode to"network"distribution connection,and the radiation process of Master Teacher Studio members'energy from"uninuclear transmission"to"multinuclear connection".Thus,it will realize the organic integration of Western distributed leadership theory and localized grassroots master teachers'studio practice.

“内燃机原理”课程研究型教学改革探索

在传统能源与动力工程专业的新工科改造背景下,结合“双一流”建设,打造“金课”建设,进行研究型教学课程改革探索,突出以学生为中心,侧重学习能力、认知能力、创新意识、解决实际问题能力的培养。通过探索传统课程“内燃机原理”的理论教学和实践教学相结合的研究型教学改革模式,充分发挥课程研究对象的特殊性,结合北京理工大学在内燃机领域的科研积累,将科研成果转化为教学案例融入研究型课堂,以案例式教学为主线实现理论教学和实践教学的融合,以达到培养学生实际能力的目的。

建筑中的“遮用阳”及其案例研究

“双碳”背景下,建筑行业不仅要注重节能,同时要强化可再生能源的利用。“遮用阳”是指将遮阳与太阳能利用(用阳)相结合的方式,既实现建筑的遮阳需求,又争取最大限度地利用太阳能资源。本研究分别梳理了遮阳的需求和太阳能利用的方式,以遮阳研究为切入点,提出了遮阳与太阳能光照、光热及光电利用结合的不同方式,并收集整理国内外的建筑设计案例,直观展示“遮用阳”的结合形式,以期在建筑设计中能够将“遮用阳”方式有效地应用。

区域综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化实验案例教学

两阶段鲁棒优化可根据不确定性变化动态调整决策,有效改善日前决策保守性,从而为解决新能源不确定性的优化调度问题提供一种方案选择。由于区域综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化方法前沿性强、内容复杂度高、学习难度大,传统教学方法难以有效传达其核心概念和应用,无法很好地达到教学目的。为解决这一教学挑战,该文构建了区域综合能源系统仿真实验教学平台,提出了区域综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化实验方案,并设计了三个仿真实验案例。通过实验平台建设和案例设计,提升了学生对区域综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化方法相关理论知识的理解和认识,增强了学生的综合分析能力和工程实践能力。

膳食炎症指数与血清炎症标志物和血脂异常的相关性研究

目的探讨能量调整的膳食炎症指数(energy-adjusted DII,E-DII)与炎性因子和血脂异常之间的关系。方法数据来自宁夏自然人群队列,按照成组匹配的病例对照研究纳入病例组(血脂异常者)245例和对照组247例。膳食调查采用食物频率法并计算E-DII。利用Spearman相关和二元Logistic回归模型分别分析E-DII与炎性因子和血脂异常的关系。结果病例组的血脂指标(TC、TG、LDL-C)和炎性因子(IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α)的平均值高于对照组,IL-18低于对照组(P均<0.05)。E-DII的范围为-2.86~3.81,其平均值在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将E-DII按三分位数分组,在中性组IL-6与E-DII呈正相关(r=0.162,P=0.038),在促炎倾向组E-DII与IL-18呈负相关(r=-0.188,P=0.016)。在Logistics回归模型中,经调整混杂因素前后,以及在糖尿病和非糖尿患者群亚组分析中,未发现E-DII和血脂异常的关联,经趋势性检验差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论E-DII与IL-6和IL-18相关,尚未发现其与血脂异常的关联。

含攻角动能块撞击带壳B炸药冲击起爆阈值研究

为研究动能块攻角对带壳B炸药冲击起爆阈值速度的影响规律,使用LS-DYNA仿真软件和Lee-Tarver点火与增长模型,对钨合金动能块撞击带壳B炸药进行数值模拟,得到了攻角0°~90°条件下撞击不同盖板厚度(6、10、14 mm)装药的冲击起爆阈值速度;在Jacobs-Roslund冲击起爆判据模型中引入攻角修正项,所得到的冲击起爆判据模型与数值模拟结果吻合较好。结果表明:壳体厚度在6~14 mm范围内,随着攻角的增大,冲击起爆阈值速度先增大后减小。

新能源材料与器件专业案例库建设研究

针对新能源材料与器件专业研究生培养过程中学生的本科知识储备与新能源研究方向不对接造成的知识传输慢问题,提出基于超级电容器、锂离子电池和钙钛矿太阳电池3种代表性新能源器件的教学案例建设思想,分析了案例库建设过程中存在的问题,列举了部分器件的建设内容,主要包括器件核心材料的设计和合成方法,器件组装原理和工艺以及性能分析等。本案例教学方法将有助于研究生依据具体案例快速深入理解和掌握新能源材料和器件的种类、工作原理和基本结构,强化其在纳米材料和半导体材料领域的知识与技能,有效推动研究生教学改革,为新能源材料与器件专业课程教学内容优化提供范例。

“光储直柔”建筑案例特征分析及系统设计相关问题探讨

“光储直柔”是解决建筑光伏发电与建筑终端用电时空错配难题等问题、促进光伏发电本地消纳的重要技术手段之一,也是以可再生能源为主体的新型电力系统实现“荷随源动”,提高供电安全性、可靠性与稳定性的重要支撑技术,对于零碳建筑和零碳电力的实现也具有重要作用。本文在对国内“光储直柔”建筑示范项目调研的基础上,汇集17个典型案例,分析了“光储直柔”建筑的气候区域、建筑类型、建筑规模等分布特征和建筑光伏、储能、直流配电、直流用电场景等技术特征,提出了建筑“光储直柔”的适宜应用场景、系统拓扑结构及电压等级选择建议和“光储直柔”系统的容量配置方法,指出了城市和农村建筑“光储直柔”发展的差异化技术路径,为建筑“光储直柔”的设计与推广应用提供一些有益参考。

中国石油新能源发展路径探索与创新实践

大力发展新能源是实现碳达峰碳中和目标、践行应对气候变化自主贡献承诺的重要举措。国家碳达峰碳中和“1+N”系列政策和能源领域相关发展规划与政策,要求油气企业统筹好油气供应安全和绿色低碳协调发展。中国石油将绿色低碳纳入公司发展战略,在新能源领域具备资源、市场、技术、消纳场景等比较优势,有条件依托油气产业链综合优势大力推进油气与新能源的融合发展。在发展路径上,中国石油通过大力实施清洁替代解决自身低碳生产问题、规模化发展新能源提升综合能源供应能力、加快推动CCS/CCUS产业化发展支持“双碳”目标实现等,实现新能源的高质量规模化发展。在近几年发展实践中,中国石油形成了上下游协同低碳发展、老油田转型发展、油区低碳示范区建设等新模式。

“双碳”背景下过程流体机械课程案例教学探索

随着我国碳达峰碳中和目标的提出,将过程流体机械课程与“双碳”理念主动结合成为高校关注的命题之一。以华东理工大学过程流体机械课程为例,深入挖掘压缩机在合成氨等大型化工行业的支撑作用,增加压缩机在绿色氢能及空气储能方面的节能降耗案例,结合新时期对创新人才培养的工程需求,开展案例式教学探索,为全国同类课程的改革实践提供借鉴。

页岩油水平井上提下放过程中套管力学特征分析

为了提高页岩油水平井套管下入能力,上提下放技术已成为套管下放作业中必不可少的一环。然而,在多次上提下放过程中,井筒套管普遍出现断裂失效行为。以某口页岩油水平井实际套管下放作业为基础,结合弹塑性理论,采用有限元软件建立全井段套管上提下放动力学模型,分别对单次以及多次作业过程中井筒套管轴向力、摩阻以及Mises应力分布状态开展研究。研究发现:在上提下放过程中,套管累积弹性能在上提阶段得到一定释放,在下放阶段重新累积;单次上提下放作业后,井筒套管Mises应力、下放摩阻及轴向力相较作业前明显下降,套管的下入能力得到一定提升;短时间内多次上提下放过程中,随着局部位置套管的弹性能快速累积释放,部分位置套管在摩阻作用下始终处于累积状态,最终导致局部套管屈曲行为进一步加剧。开展套管上提下放过程中的力学行为研究以及风险分析,可为页岩油水平井套管高效安全下入提供指导。

航空发动机叶片冲击耗散能对机匣包容能力的影响研究

面向航空发动机机匣包容精细设计需求,研究飞失过程中叶片耗散能对机匣包容性的影响规律。结合打靶试验及有限元数值仿真,对以TC4靶板为对象的机匣包容原理模拟件进行研究,揭示了机匣包容能力对叶片冲击耗散能的敏感性,验证了数值分析方法的准确性和合理性。基于建立的简化风扇模型,明确了机匣包容不同阶段中叶片-机匣能量转化机制,分析了叶片与机匣碰撞过程中机匣包容能力对叶片材料主要参数的敏感性。结果表明,叶片在冲击、碰撞过程产生的耗散能对机匣包容能力有着明显的影响,在工程设计中可考虑通过改善叶片材料延伸率和硬化系数以及降低弹性模量等途径提升机匣的包容能力。

“节能性”与“经济性”耦合目标下寒冷地区办公建筑节能改造研究——以北京某办公建筑为例

2021年住房和城乡建设部发布了全文强制性标准《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》(GB55015—2021)。该标准要求公共建筑平均设计能耗水平应在《公共建筑节能设计标准》(GB50189—2015)的基础上进一步降低20%。面对新的节能要求,建筑改造节能性与经济性的平衡成为一项重点关注问题。针对寒冷地区办公建筑列举了多种节能技术路径,并以某典型办公建筑为例,将不同改造路径组合为10种节能改造方案,对各方案的节能率与改造成本进行了对比分析。提出了节能-经济耦合计算评价模型,确定满足新标准要求的寒冷地区办公建筑最优节能改造路径;为指导设计人员选择评价节能改造方案,获得最优效益提出考意见。

新能源车电机壳体加工工艺分析及夹具设计

针对新能源车电机壳体加工的几何精度要求高和质量稳定性好的现实需求,分析加工零件结构特征,设计了相应的数控加工工艺和合理的接线端装夹方式,研发了一种专用的胀芯夹具,通过静态和动态有限元分析以及夹紧力计算和校核,能够满足实际使用要求,并成功运用于生产制造现场。结果表明,该加工工艺路线和胀套夹具的使用效果良好,达到了新能源汽车电机壳体的高效精密加工目标。

空气源能源塔与空气源热泵机组在寒冷地区供暖的应用分析

建筑电气化替代是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。空气源热泵机组是寒冷地区供暖电气化替代产品的重要选择。为了解决空气源热泵机组在推广应用中自身结霜、低温适应性的技术问题,以及“供给侧”与“使用侧”之间的适应性问题,在理论研究的基础上,选择典型应用项目案例进行数据测试。通过数据统计分析“开式能源塔”、“闭式能源塔”、模块机组3种不同型式的空气源热泵机组在不同室外环境温度、空气湿度、供水温度等状况下机组运行性能的差异,剖析现有问题,提出解决方案,并提供不同类型空气源热泵机组的应用建议,以期为空气源热泵机组在寒冷地区零碳建筑、近零碳建筑中冬季供暖应用提供实际运行数据参考。