Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related...Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition.展开更多
We examine the role of big data and machine learning in cancer research.We describe an example in cancer research where gene-level data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) consortium is interpreted using a pathway-leve...We examine the role of big data and machine learning in cancer research.We describe an example in cancer research where gene-level data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) consortium is interpreted using a pathway-level model.As the complexity of computational models increases,their sample requirements grow exponentially.This growth stems from the fact that the number of combinations of variables grows exponentially as the number of variables increases.Thus,a large sample size is needed.The number of variables in a computational model can be reduced by incorporating biological knowledge.One particularly successful way of doing this is by using available gene regulatory,signaling,metabolic,or context-specific pathway information.We conclude that the incorporation of existing biological knowledge is essential for the progress in using big data for cancer research.展开更多
Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stim...Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stimulation by signal factors and/or growth factors,organoids self-assemble to replicate the morphological and structural characteristics of the corresponding organs.They provide an extraordinary platform for investigating organ development and mimicking pathological processes.Organoid biobanks derived from a wide range of carcinomas have been established to represent different lesions or stages of clinical tumors.Importantly,genomic and transcriptomic analyses have confirmed maintenance of intra-and interpatient heterogeneities in organoids.Therefore,this technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine.In this review,we summarized the characteristics and applications of organoids in cancer research by the establishment of organoid biobanks directly from tumor organoids or from genetically modified non-cancerous organoids.We also analyzed the current state of organoid applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.展开更多
The Nanjing International Symposium of New Frontiers in Cancer Research will be held on Nov 9-10, 2007. The purpose of this symposium is to stimulate a dialogue among basic and clinical cancer researchers between Chin...The Nanjing International Symposium of New Frontiers in Cancer Research will be held on Nov 9-10, 2007. The purpose of this symposium is to stimulate a dialogue among basic and clinical cancer researchers between China and other countries to speed up translation of new findings in basic cancer biology into disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We hope to use this conference as a forum to create a unique opportunity for exchange in current discoveries, fostering multidisciplinary collaborations, and identification of future opportunities in cancer treatment and patient care. There will be four sessions in this symposium:展开更多
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, an international biomedical journal edited and published quarterly in English by Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA), is a comprehensive academic journal, aiming to reflect prima...Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, an international biomedical journal edited and published quarterly in English by Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA), is a comprehensive academic journal, aiming to reflect primarily the creative or innovative achievements in all fields of cancer research in China. The papers (original research articles or reviews, specially) of basic experiments,展开更多
Somatic stem cells (SSCs), being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are i...Somatic stem cells (SSCs), being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are ideal cellular targets to be acquired in multiple mutations transforming SSCs to cancer stem cells (CSCs) which cause malignancies and even recurrence after cancer treatment if CSCs fail to be eradicated (1).展开更多
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainl...Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of malignant tumor, research on anti-cancer drugs, imaging diagnosis of cancer, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology and biological therapy of cancer, etc.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainl...Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of malignant tumor, research on anti-cancer drugs, imaging diagnosis of cancer, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology and biological therapy of cancer, etc..展开更多
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly ca...Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of展开更多
文摘Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition.
文摘We examine the role of big data and machine learning in cancer research.We describe an example in cancer research where gene-level data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) consortium is interpreted using a pathway-level model.As the complexity of computational models increases,their sample requirements grow exponentially.This growth stems from the fact that the number of combinations of variables grows exponentially as the number of variables increases.Thus,a large sample size is needed.The number of variables in a computational model can be reduced by incorporating biological knowledge.One particularly successful way of doing this is by using available gene regulatory,signaling,metabolic,or context-specific pathway information.We conclude that the incorporation of existing biological knowledge is essential for the progress in using big data for cancer research.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31671421,82030079,and 82003187).
文摘Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stimulation by signal factors and/or growth factors,organoids self-assemble to replicate the morphological and structural characteristics of the corresponding organs.They provide an extraordinary platform for investigating organ development and mimicking pathological processes.Organoid biobanks derived from a wide range of carcinomas have been established to represent different lesions or stages of clinical tumors.Importantly,genomic and transcriptomic analyses have confirmed maintenance of intra-and interpatient heterogeneities in organoids.Therefore,this technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine.In this review,we summarized the characteristics and applications of organoids in cancer research by the establishment of organoid biobanks directly from tumor organoids or from genetically modified non-cancerous organoids.We also analyzed the current state of organoid applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.
文摘The Nanjing International Symposium of New Frontiers in Cancer Research will be held on Nov 9-10, 2007. The purpose of this symposium is to stimulate a dialogue among basic and clinical cancer researchers between China and other countries to speed up translation of new findings in basic cancer biology into disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We hope to use this conference as a forum to create a unique opportunity for exchange in current discoveries, fostering multidisciplinary collaborations, and identification of future opportunities in cancer treatment and patient care. There will be four sessions in this symposium:
文摘Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, an international biomedical journal edited and published quarterly in English by Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA), is a comprehensive academic journal, aiming to reflect primarily the creative or innovative achievements in all fields of cancer research in China. The papers (original research articles or reviews, specially) of basic experiments,
文摘Somatic stem cells (SSCs), being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are ideal cellular targets to be acquired in multiple mutations transforming SSCs to cancer stem cells (CSCs) which cause malignancies and even recurrence after cancer treatment if CSCs fail to be eradicated (1).
文摘Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of malignant tumor, research on anti-cancer drugs, imaging diagnosis of cancer, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology and biological therapy of cancer, etc.
文摘Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of malignant tumor, research on anti-cancer drugs, imaging diagnosis of cancer, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology and biological therapy of cancer, etc..
文摘Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of