Decrease in liver cancer incidence rates in Bamako,Mali over 28 years of population-based cancer registration(1987-2015)

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is common in West Africa due to endemic risk factors.However,epidemiological studies of the global burden and trends of liver cancer are limited.We report changes in trends of the incidence of liver cancer over a period of 28 years using the population-based cancer registry of Bamako,Mali.To assess the trends and patterns of liver cancer by gender and age groups by analyzing the cancer registration data accumulated over 28 years(1987-2015)of activity of the population-based registry of the Bamako district.METHODS Data obtained since the inception of the registry in 1987 through 2015 were stratified into three periods(1987-1996,1997-2006,and 2007-2015).Age-standardized rates were estimated by direct standardization using the world population.Incidence rate ratios and the corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CI)were estimated using the early period as the reference(1987-1996).Joinpoint regression models were used to assess the annual percentage change and highlight trends over the entire period(from 1987 to 2015).RESULTS Among males,the age-standardized incidence rates significantly decreased from 19.41(1987-1996)to 13.12(1997-2006)to 8.15(2007-2015)per 105 person-years.The incidence rate ratio over 28 years was 0.42(95%CI:0.34-0.50),and the annual percentage change was-4.59[95%CI:(-6.4)-(-2.7)].Among females,rates dropped continuously from 7.02(1987-1996)to 2.57(2007-2015)per 105 person-years,with an incidence rate ratio of 0.37(95%CI:0.28-0.45)and an annual percentage change of-5.63[95%CI:(-8.9)-(-2.3)].CONCLUSION The population-based registration showed that the incidence of primary liver cancer has steadily decreased in the Bamako district over 28 years.This trend does not appear to result from biases or changes in registration practices.This is the first report of such a decrease in an area of high incidence of liver cancer in Africa.This decrease may be explained by the changes and diversity of diet that could reduce exposure to aflatoxins through dietary contamination in this population.

Global pattern and trends of colorectal cancer survival: a systematic review of population-based registration data

This review will describe the global patterns and trends of colorectal cancer survival,using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration.We performed a systematic search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and SEER and collected all population-based survival studies of colorectal cancer(up to June 2020).Estimates of observed and relative survival rates of colorectal cancer by sex,period,and country were extracted from original studies to describe the temporal patterns and trends from the late 1990s to the early 21st century.Globally,5-year observed survival rates were higher in Seoul,Republic of Korea(1993–1997;56.8%and 54.3%for colon and rectum cancers,respectively),Zhejiang province(2005–2010;52.9%for colon cancer),Tianjin(1991–1999;52.5%for colon cancer),Shanghai(2002–2006;50.0%for rectum cancer)of China,and in Japan(1993–1996,59.6%for colorectal cancer).Five-year relative survival rates of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Korea(2010–2014),Queensland,Australia(2005–2012),and the USA(2005–2009)ranked at relatively higher positions compared to other countries.In general,colorectal cancer survival rates are improving over time worldwide.Sex disparities in survival rates were also observed in the colon,rectum,and colorectal cancers in most countries or regions.The poorest age-specific 5-year relative survival rate was observed in patients>75 years of age.In conclusion,over the past 3 decades,colorectal cancer survival has gradually improved.Geographic variations,sex differences,and age gradients were also observed globally in colorectal cancer survival.Further studies are therefore warranted to investigate the prognostic factors of colorectal cancer.

Cancer Incidence And Mortality in China,2006

Objective：To describe the cancer incidence and mortality rates in 2006 and evaluate the cancer burden in China.Methods：Cancer registration data in 2006 from 34 cancer registries were collected,evaluated and pooled to calculate cancer incidence and mortality rates.The data analyses included mortality to incidence ratio（MI）,morphological verification percentage（MV%） and proportion of death certification only（DCO%）.Cumulative incidence and mortality rates were calculated using crude data,age-standardized data,and specific data for cancer site,age,sex and area（urban or rural）.Results：In 2006,34 registries with qualified registration data covered a total population of 59,567,322（46,558,108 in urban areas and 13,009,214 in rural areas）.The crude and age-standardized cancer incidence rates were 273.66 per 100,000 and 190.54 per 100,000,respectively.The crude and age-standardized cancer mortality rates were 175.70 per 100,000 and 117.67 per 100,000,respectively.Cancers of lung,stomach,colon and rectum,liver,and breast in female were the five most common forms of cancer in China,which accounted for 58.99% of all new cancer cases.Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death,followed by stomach cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer.Conclusion：Cancer is still an important public health issue in China with an increasing disease burden.Specifically,the incidence rates for lung cancer,colorectal cancer and breast cancer were increasing,but those for stomach cancer and esophageal cancer were decreasing.However,age-specific incidence rate remained stable,indicating that the aging population was the major source of the increasing cancer burden.

Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China,2013

Objective： Estimating the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer became necessary to establish prevention measures and healthy policies. The aim of this study was to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in 2013 in China. Methods： According to the evaluation criteria developed by the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the data submitted from 255 cancer registries met the required standards in 2013. Cervical cancer cases were retrieved from the national database and combined with the 2013 national population data. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were based on the demographic structure of the national census 2000 and Segi＇s world population. Results： In 2013, the estimated number of new cases and deaths from cervical cancer were 100,700 and 26,400, respectively. The etude incidence of cervical cancer was 15.17/100,000. The age-standardized incidence rates based on the Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and the world standard population （ASIRW） were I 1.30/100,000 and I0.30/100,000, respectively. The incidence of cervical cancer in urban areas was 15.62/100,000 and the ASIRC was 11.12/100,000. The incidence of cervical cancer in rural areas was 14.65/100,000 and the ASIRC was 11.47/100,000. The mortality rate of cervical cancer was 3.98/100,000. The age-standardized mortality rates based on the Chinese （ASMRC） and world standard populations （ASMRW） were 2.76/100,000 and 2.62/100,000, respectively. The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban areas was 3.85/100,000 and in rural areas was 4.14/100,000. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality increased with age. Urban areas had a higher incidence of cervical cancer and lower mortality rates when compared with rural areas. Conclusions： Dynamic monitoring of cervical cancer incidence and mortality is the fundamental work of cervical cancer prevention and control. Cervical cancer is a serious issue in women＇s health, and prevention strategies need to be enhanced, such as human papilloma virus （HPV） vaccination and screening programs.

Cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong province,2012

Objective： To estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in 2012 in Guangdong province by analyzing the cancer data of selected population-based cancer registries in Guangdong province in 2012. Methods： Eight of nine population-based cancer registries submitted cancer data to the Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention （Guangdong CDC）, whose data met the data quality criteria were included for analysis. The statistics of selected registries, stratified by areas, gender, age and cancer types, were used to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in 2012 in Guangdong province according to the population data in Guangdong province. Segi＇s population and the national census population in 2000 were used for calculating the age-standardized rates （ASR）. Results： A total of 15,084,942 people, accounted for 17.47% of all population in Guangdong province, were covered in 8 selected population-based cancer registries in 2012. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and the percentage of death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 72.84% and 0.87%, respectively, and the mortality/incidence （M/I） ratio was 0.56. It was estimated that there were 211,300 new cancer cases and 117,300 cancer deaths. The incidence crude rate （CR）, the ASR by Chinese standard population （ASRC） and by world standard population （ASRW）, and the accumulated rate （AR） （0-74 years） were 250.20/100,000 （265.39/100,000 in males, 234.29/100,000 in females）, 207.04/100,000, 201.34/100,000 and 22.91%, respectively, in Guangdong province in 2012. The incidence CR and ASRC were 267.25/100,000 and 221.43/100,000 in urban areas, and 215.51/100,000 and 178.77/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The death CR, ASRC, ASRW and AR （0-74 years） were 148.44/100,000 （190.95/100,000 in males, 105.06/100,000 in females）, 103.73/100,000, 102.44/100,000 and 11.68%, respectively, in Guangdong province in 2012. The death CR and ASRC were 164.57/100,000 and 105.46/100,000 in urban areas, and 124.63/100,000 and 99.97/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Top 5 cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer and nasopharyngeal cancers （NPC）, and top 5 death cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, and NPC in Guangdong province in 2012. Conclusions： Lung cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer and NPC were the major economic cancer burdens and health concerns in Guangdong province in 2012. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of different cancers, survival quality improvement and cancer burden reduction, are important issues we faced in cancer control and prevention.

SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF CANCER CASES FROM QIDONGCANCER REGISTRY

Objective: 16,922 patients with cancers from 15 sites of Qidong population-based cancer registry in the period of 1982–1991 were analyzed for evaluation of cancer survival as well as different cancer control measures. Methods: Observed survival rate (OS) was computed by the Kaplan-Meier method using EGRET statistical software package. Relative survival (RS) which is the ratio of the OS to the expected rate was calculated by using Qidong life table with respect to sex, age and calendar period of observation. Results: The five-year OS for the 5 leading sites of cancers, liver, stomach, lung, oesophagus, and rectum were 1.8%, 11.6%, 3.0% 3.3%, and 19.9%, respectively. The five-year RS for the 5 sites were 1.9%, 14.0%, 3.6%, 4.2%, and 23.7%, respectively, in which, 1.7%, 14.8%, 3.4%, 4.2%, and 26.0% for males, and 2.7%, 12.7%, 4.1%, 4.0%, and 22.0% for females, respectively. Female patients with breast cancer and cervix cancer had 5-year RS of 54.6% and 33.0%. Conclusion: Cancer survival rates for all sites are poor, in which that of the liver is the lowest, while that of the breast, the highest. The survivals of cancers for all sites, especially for breast, cervix, and leukemia are seen to be lower than those of European countries except for oesophagus, pancreas and lung cancer which do not achieve improved survival both in developing and developed countries. There will be a long way to improve the total cancer survival, as well as the cancer treatment in the developing countries.

Cancer incidence and mortality in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China,2016:a population-based study

Backgrounds:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide,seriously threatening human health and life expectancy.We aimed to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates during 2016 in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China.Methods:Data were collected from 14 population-based cancer registries across Zhejiang Province of China.Cancer incidence and mortality rates stratified by sex and region were analyzed.The crude rate,age-standardized rate,age-specific and region-specific rate,and cumulative rate were calculated.The proportions of 10 common cancers in different groups and the incidence and mortality rates of the top five cancers in different age groups were also calculated.The Chinese national census of 2000 and the world Segi population was used for calculating the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results:The 14 cancer registries covered a population of 14,250,844 individuals,accounting for 29.13%of the population of Zhejiang Province.The total reported cancer cases and deathswere 55,835 and 27,013,respectively.The proportion ofmorphological verification(MV%)was 78.95%of the population,and percentage of incident cases identified through death certificates only(DCO%)was 1.23%with a mortality-to-incidence ratio(M/I ratio)of 0.48.The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 391.80/105;the age-standardized incidence rate of the Chinese standard population(ASIRC)and the age-standardized incidence rate of theworld standard population(ASIRW)were 229.76/105 and 220.96/105,respectively.The incidence rate in men was higher than that inwomen.The incidence rate increased rapidly after 45 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 80 to 84 years.The top 10 incidence rates of cancers were lung cancer,female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer,prostate cancer,cervical cancer,esophageal cancer,and pancreatic cancer(from highest to lowest).The crude mortality rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 189.55/105;the age-standardized mortality rate of the Chinese standard population(ASMRC)and the agestandardized mortality rate of the world standard population(ASMRW)were 94.46/105 and 93.42/105,respectively.The mortality rate in men was higher than that in women,and the male population in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas.The cancer mortality rate increased rapidly after 50 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 85+years.The top 10 mortality rates of cancers were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,esophageal cancer,female breast cancer,prostate cancer,lymphoma,and leukemia(from highest to lowest).Conclusions:Lung cancer,female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,prostate cancer,liver cancer,and stomach cancer were the most common cancers in Zhejiang Province.Effective prevention and control measures should be established after considering the different characteristics of cancers in urban and rural areas.

Global pattern and trend of liver cancer survival: a systematic review of population-based studies

Aim:To describe the global pattern and trend of liver cancer survival,using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration.Methods:By searching CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE and SEER.All population-based survival studies of liver cancer from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020 were collected and evaluated by patient gender,time period,and country.The overall or age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was used to describe the pattern and changes in liver cancer survival over the past decades.Results:Globally,the highest age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was observed in Italy(18.0%,2005-2007)and the highest overall five-year relative survival rate was observed in Korea(34.6%,2012-2016),when compared to other countries.The most remarkable increase in overall five-year relative survival rate can be seen in Korea(from 10.7%during 1993-1995 to 34.6%during 2012-2016).In general,worldwide,the five-year relative survival rate of younger patients with liver cancer was higher than old people.For most countries,the five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer was slightly higher in women than in men.In China,the overall five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer in Taiwan was higher than that in other areas,while Cixian of Hebei and Qidong of Jiangsu were lower.Conclusion:Over the past decades,the survival rates of liver cancer have gradually improved,but great variations are also observed globally.Worldwide,younger patients with liver cancer have experienced a better prognosis.Gender disparity in liver cancer survival was not obvious.