The past decade has seen rapid progress in the field of canid behavioral genetics. The recent advances are summarized in this review. The identification of the genes responsible for tameness in silver foxes is the cul...The past decade has seen rapid progress in the field of canid behavioral genetics. The recent advances are summarized in this review. The identification of the genes responsible for tameness in silver foxes is the culmination of a half century of behavioral testing and,more recently, genomic investigation. There is agreement that domestic dogs evolved from wolves, but when and from which population remains controversial.The genetic differences between wolves and dogs identified include those for neurotransmitters and digestion.Breed differences in behavior are well known, but only recently have the genetics underlying these differences been investigated. The genes responsible for flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers and for several other obsessive compulsive problems in other breeds have been identified. Aggression is the least desirable canine trait, and several laboratories have detected differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors between aggressive and non-aggressive dogs. In English Cocker Spaniels, the genes linked to aggressive behavior code for dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate receptors. A dopamine transporter gene has been associated with impulsive behavior in Malinois.展开更多
Background:Red foxes(Vulpes vulpes)have historically been interacting with human societies,thus being an important component of socio-ecological systems.In Greece,farmers and hunters have been increasingly complaining...Background:Red foxes(Vulpes vulpes)have historically been interacting with human societies,thus being an important component of socio-ecological systems.In Greece,farmers and hunters have been increasingly complaining about predation of red foxes on livestock and game,and the recurrence of rabies incidents has raised concerns about human and animal health.Understanding public preferences about management is necessary for successful wildlife management.This study aimed at investigating the preferences of north Greece residents for managing the negative impacts of red foxes and also at understanding variation between stakeholder groups:farmers,hunters,farmers-hunters,and the general public.Data were collected from on-site face-to-face surveys(n=746),between March and May 2017.Respondents were asked to rate their acceptability of management strategies under three impact scenarios:red foxes attack livestock,reduce game,and carry rabies.Results:Stakeholders preferred nonlethal management strategies,with generally high consensus,both between and within groups.Fencing and compensation were the most acceptable strategies for protecting livestock and vaccination and the removal of sick animals for eliminating rabies.Acceptability and consensus for lethal strategies were lower,with hunting being the most acceptable lethal strategy for hunters,especially when foxes threatened game or carried rabies.Doing nothing was becoming more unacceptable and lethal control more acceptable with increasing severity of the impacts,i.e.,livestock and game predation versus rabies transmission.Conclusions:Variation in the acceptability of and consensus for management strategies was considerable among scenarios,and both between and within stakeholder groups.Research implications could be used as a guide for reaching consensus for proper management strategies during the conservation conflict management process in the study area.As similar studies are scarce,findings might also prove useful elsewhere,especially in the northern hemisphere where native populations do occur.Findings about managing rabid red foxes would be particularly useful for countries where rabies has not been eliminated,particularly for neighboring Balkan and Asia Minor countries.Findings about managing red fox impacts on livestock and game would be most useful for European countries and especially Mediterranean countries with social and ecological conditions similar to Greece.展开更多
文摘The past decade has seen rapid progress in the field of canid behavioral genetics. The recent advances are summarized in this review. The identification of the genes responsible for tameness in silver foxes is the culmination of a half century of behavioral testing and,more recently, genomic investigation. There is agreement that domestic dogs evolved from wolves, but when and from which population remains controversial.The genetic differences between wolves and dogs identified include those for neurotransmitters and digestion.Breed differences in behavior are well known, but only recently have the genetics underlying these differences been investigated. The genes responsible for flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers and for several other obsessive compulsive problems in other breeds have been identified. Aggression is the least desirable canine trait, and several laboratories have detected differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors between aggressive and non-aggressive dogs. In English Cocker Spaniels, the genes linked to aggressive behavior code for dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate receptors. A dopamine transporter gene has been associated with impulsive behavior in Malinois.
文摘Background:Red foxes(Vulpes vulpes)have historically been interacting with human societies,thus being an important component of socio-ecological systems.In Greece,farmers and hunters have been increasingly complaining about predation of red foxes on livestock and game,and the recurrence of rabies incidents has raised concerns about human and animal health.Understanding public preferences about management is necessary for successful wildlife management.This study aimed at investigating the preferences of north Greece residents for managing the negative impacts of red foxes and also at understanding variation between stakeholder groups:farmers,hunters,farmers-hunters,and the general public.Data were collected from on-site face-to-face surveys(n=746),between March and May 2017.Respondents were asked to rate their acceptability of management strategies under three impact scenarios:red foxes attack livestock,reduce game,and carry rabies.Results:Stakeholders preferred nonlethal management strategies,with generally high consensus,both between and within groups.Fencing and compensation were the most acceptable strategies for protecting livestock and vaccination and the removal of sick animals for eliminating rabies.Acceptability and consensus for lethal strategies were lower,with hunting being the most acceptable lethal strategy for hunters,especially when foxes threatened game or carried rabies.Doing nothing was becoming more unacceptable and lethal control more acceptable with increasing severity of the impacts,i.e.,livestock and game predation versus rabies transmission.Conclusions:Variation in the acceptability of and consensus for management strategies was considerable among scenarios,and both between and within stakeholder groups.Research implications could be used as a guide for reaching consensus for proper management strategies during the conservation conflict management process in the study area.As similar studies are scarce,findings might also prove useful elsewhere,especially in the northern hemisphere where native populations do occur.Findings about managing rabid red foxes would be particularly useful for countries where rabies has not been eliminated,particularly for neighboring Balkan and Asia Minor countries.Findings about managing red fox impacts on livestock and game would be most useful for European countries and especially Mediterranean countries with social and ecological conditions similar to Greece.
