Effect of Development of Caofeidian Harbor Area in Bohai Bay on Hydrodynamic Sediment Environment

Based on the characteristics of waves, tidal currents, sediment and seabed evolution in the Caofeidian sea area in the Bohai Bay, a 2D sediment mathematical model of waves and tidal currents is employed to study the development schemes of the harbor. Verification of spring and neap tidal currents and sediment in the winter and summer of 2006 shows that the calculated values of tidal stages as well as flow velocities, flow directions and sediment concentration of 15 synchronous vertical lines are in good agreement with the measured data. Also, deposition and erosion of the sea area in front of Caofeidian ore terminal induced by suspended load under tidal currents and waves are verified; it shows that the calculated values of depth of deposition and erosion as well as their distribution are close to the measured data. Furthermore, effects of reclamation scheme of island in front of the land behind Caofeidian harbor on the hydrodynamic environment are studied, including changes of flow velocities in the deep channels at the south side of Caofeidian foreland and Laolonggou and in various harbor basins, as well as changes of deposition and erosion of seabed induced by the project.

Field Observation and Analysis of Wave-Current-Sediment Movement in Caofeidian Sea Area in the Bohai Bay, China

In order to study the mechanism of flow-sediment movement, it is essential to obtain measured data of water hydrodynamic and sediment concentration process with high spatial and temporal resolution in the bottom boundary layer （BBL）. Field observations were carried out in the northwest Caofeidian sea area in the Bohai Bay. Near 2 m isobath （under the lowest tidal level）, a tripod system was installed with AWAC （Acoustic Wave And Current）, ADCP （Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers）, OBS-3A （Optical Backscatter Point Sensor）, ADV （Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters）, etc. The accurate measurement of the bottom boundary layer during a single tidal period was carried out, together with a long-term sediment concentration measurement under different hydrological conditions. All the measured data were used to analyze the characteristics of wave-current-sediment movement and the BBL. Analysis was performed on flow structure, shear stress, roughness, eddy viscosity and other parameters of the BBL. Two major findings were made. Firstly, from the measured data, the three-layer distribution model of the velocity profiles and eddy viscosities in the wave-current BBL are proposed in the observed sea area; secondly, the sediment movement is related closely to wind-waves in the muddy coast area where sediment is clayey silt： 1） The observed suspended sediment concentration under light wind conditions is very low, with the peak value generally smaller than 0.1 kg/m^3 and the average value being 0.03 kg/m^3; 2） The sediment concentration increases continuously under the gales over 6-7 in Beaufort scale, under a sustained wind action. The measured peak sediment concentration at 0.4 m above the seabed is 0.15-0.32 kg/m^3, and the average sediment concentration during wind-wave action is 0.08-0.18 kg/m^3, which is about 3-6 times the value under light wind conditions. The critical wave height signaling remarkable changes of sediment concentration is 0.5 m. The results show that the suspended load sediment concentration is mainly influenced by wave-induced sediment suspension.

Analysis of formation and slope stability in Caofeidian Channel in Bohai Bay

In this paper, by studying bathymetric survey and shallow seismic detection data over multiple periods of history, the authors outline the geomorphic features of the Caofeidian Channel. The results of our studies indicate that the channel at the front end is dominated by erosion. The maximum water depth reaches 42.2 m, which sets the highest record for the water depth in Bohai Bay;the authors preliminarily conclude that the formation of the early channel occurred because the subsidence rate of the deep structure is slightly smaller than the deposition rate of the upper strata, and the Caofeidian Channel has existed for a long time, over 20 ka. The trending of the channel experienced a transition from the NS to the NE and then NW direction;the authors conclude that endogenic and exogenic processes, such as geological structures, the evolution of the ancient Luanhe River Delta, marine hydrodynamics, and human activity, jointly control the development and evolution of the geographic system in the Caofeidian sea area. The slope stabilities under the extreme conditions of a heavy storm and an earthquake are analyzed by performing simulations.

Study on the Geo-Environmental Evolution of the Laolonggou Lagoon Under the Impacts of the Caofeidian Reclamation Project in Hebei Province

The Caofeidian Reclamation Project has been the biggest reclamation project in China so far, in which 310 km^2 sea areas were reclaimed along the coast of Hebei Province, and it also bring about many problems and defects for large reclaiming area. The study focuses on the influences of the engineering exerted on evolution of the Laolonggou Lagoon with the methods of topographical measurement and surface sediment analysis. The results demonstrate that the topographical changes in the Laolonggou Lagoon had been controlled obviously by the engineering at three stages. Besides, blocking and reopening of the shoal tidal channel also affected the geological environment of the lagoon area. In the aspect of topographical change, the Laolonggou Inlet first experienced deposition after the shoal tidal channel was blocked, followed by short-time eroding for quarrying and cofferdam construction in the east, then depositing slowly after the reclaiming activity ceased, and finally eroding after the shoal tidal channel was reopened. The project, particularly cofferdam construction led to the movement of the Laolonggou Inlet axis from west to east for 50 – 100 m. In the aspect of sediment variation, the reclamation project and hydrodynamic change resulted in the variation in compositions and distribution pattern. The western lagoon area has become land mainly constituted by silt, while the sediments in the eastern area have turned finer in size. After the shoal tidal channel was reopened, the current velocity in the Laolonggou Inlet has been enhanced, making the sediments at the bottom become coarser. The sediments around the Caofeidian foreland went through a process of changing in grain size from fine to coarse and back to fine again, and the sediments are mainly constituted by silt at present.

Comparative Study of Eco-city Indicator System in Tianjin-Tangshan Area: A Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city and Caofeidian Eco-city

On the basis of previous researches on current eco-city indicator system in China, achievements of Caofeidian Eco-city and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city in the establishment of indicator system were compared, and their differences in indicator construction framework, indicator component ratio and indicator valuation were summarized. It was found through studying the indicator systems that local indicators should stress characteristics of the city on the basis of national standards, and comply with urban construction conditions; and also that indicator system needed balance between macro and micro level, more reasonable value, and further improvement in the construction and management.

Study on the Submarine Slope Stability of the Deep Channel in the Caofeidian Harbor

Objective The greatest advantage of the Caofeidian Harbor is its deep channel facing the Bohai Bay. The deep channel is a natural port hub for shipping of the Caofeidian Habor. The construction of the Caofeidian Harbor has impacted the hydrodynamic environment and the sediments movement, which has attracted much attention about the geomorphic evolution, slope stability and the evolution trend after submarine slope destruction. Insight from this study might be significant for the future development of the Caofeidian Habor, including planning, operation and maintenance.

Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions and Determination of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Period of Caofeidian 18-1/2Buried Hill Reservoirs in Bozhong Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

The study area Caofeidian 18-1/2 structure is located in the Shadongnan structural belt at the southeast subduction end of the Shaleitian salient in the western Bohai Sea. The characteristics of reservoirs and fluid inclusions from 13 core samples near the buried hills in the study area are studied,and regional geology and conditions for reservoir formation are analyzed to reveal the characteristics and the processes of reservoir formation. Phase I oil and gas inclusions are mainly developed,and the abundance of oil and gas inclusions in this period is high( GOI is about 15%). The homogenization temperature of the hydrocarbon-containing brine inclusions accompanying them is mainly 90-120 ℃ . The simulation results of burial history and thermal history show that the main charging period of oil and gas is the present Himalayan tectonic movement period since 8 Ma,and mainly through unconformities,faults,and drainage systems,they are migrated and accumulated into fault anticline traps of Dongying Formation mudstone( E_d).

曹妃甸湿地自然保护区植物多样性研究

为了探究曹妃甸湿地和鸟类省级自然保护区植物多样性以及土壤理化性质空间分布规律,采用生态学样地调查方法对研究区内植被群落结构及其相应土壤理化性质进行调查与测定,通过相关性分析探讨植物多样性与土壤盐分和养分指标的关系。研究结果表明:1)研究区种子植物共有23科47属54种,被子植物占绝对优势,植物种绝大部分是中生草本植物。2)研究区植物区系数量结构分析显示研究区内优势科有4科,分别是菊科、禾本科、藜科和豆科;优势属有5属,分别是藜属、莴苣属、碱蓬属、蒿属和补血草属;数量结构特征表现出科级和属级水平上的多样性,区系地理成分特征相对复杂,以温带分布为主,但也出现了热带分布。3)研究区植物群落主要以草本植物为主,可分为9种类型,其中茵陈蒿、葎草群落更为稳定,芦苇群落的多样性最差。4)土壤盐分和速效钾高值区主要分布在研究区西南部地区,土壤速效磷高值区主要分布在西北部地区,速效氮和有机质含量高值区空间分布较为分散。5)湿地植物多样性指数整体上与土壤盐分呈负相关关系,与土壤养分尤其速效氮呈现正相关关系。该研究结果明确了该区植物的分布及多样性情况,并对其影响因素进行了初步分析,可为曹妃甸湿地植物多样性保护和管理提供一定科学依据。

曹妃甸新区PS-InSAR技术沉降监测及分析

随着曹妃甸新城的快速发展,地面沉降现象越来越引人重视,为分析该区域的沉降特征与原因,利用2019年2月至2021年12月共35景Sentinel-1A影像,基于PS-InSAR技术,获取了曹妃甸新区的地表沉降信息,提取特征点累计沉降量并分析沉降区域时空变化特征。结果显示:研究区整体区域沉降,主要沉降区位于西南方向,形变速率集中在-32.30~-3.48 mm/a;形变最严重区域位于唐山湾生态城,最大沉降量超过170 mm,形变区域面积较大且未达到稳定状态,未来仍会继续下沉。监测区的沉降主要与地下水开采、建筑设施荷载及吹填土自身压缩固结有关。

基于层次分析法的地热资源评价体系研究——以河北省曹妃甸地区中深层水热型砂岩储层为例

为定量评价目标区域中深层水热型地热资源品质,以沉积盆地内中深层水热型地热资源为研究对象,以地热资源品质评价为主要内容,深入分析地热地质条件、地热资源量和地热流体质量3个部分。选择对地热资源影响较大的16项指标,使用层次分析法对每项指标进行权重赋值,将中深层水热型地热资源划分为三级7类。Ⅰ级区域为资源优势区,可进行高效开发;Ⅱ级区域为资源富集区,满足工业开发要求;Ⅲ级区域为资源不富集区,最终形成一套可量化评价的资源评价体系,为地热资源是否可进行利用提供数据分析结论。通过河北省唐山市曹妃甸区地热供暖项目的实际应用效果作为案例,验证了评价体系的针对性、实用性。

渤海湾曹妃甸深槽断面监测研究进展

通过研究曹妃甸海区2021年实测水深和浅地层剖面资料,结合2004、2008和2013年历史资料,在区域和深度上对曹妃甸深槽海底地形进行动态对比。研究发现,深槽南侧海底冲刷作用较强烈,局部冲-淤速率最大可达-65 cm/a,这种现状有利于维持深槽水深,深槽轴线移动不明显,但35和40 m等深线均有南移趋势,最大外移距离约1 000 m。深槽地貌形成是海洋水体潮流水动力、古滦河三角洲演变和地质构造等内外营力综合作用的结果,结合浅地层剖面对比分析发现,深槽底部缺失全新世晚期海相沉积层,海底出现新的滑塌和侵蚀洼地等海洋地质灾害,对曹妃甸港带来一定的安全隐患,应加强深槽监测工作。

复杂边底水油藏地层压力预测和调控研究

位于渤海西部海域的曹妃甸油田受构造和储层的双重制约,油水系统十分复杂,主要发育底水油藏,次之以底水为主的边底水油藏。准确判断边底水在生产过程中对储层压力的影响规律是提高该油藏开发效果的关键。以曹妃甸11-6油田为例,针对多砂体复杂交错的边底水油藏,利用地质建模技术建立构造、岩性和物性模型,并通过数值模拟技术,挖掘边底水对地层压力和井间连通性的影响规律,有助于对边底水油藏有深入的了解,并为油藏开发方案设计提供辅助性依据。

渤海海域曹妃甸D井古生物特征及沉积环境分析

针对渤海海域曹妃甸D井介形类、孢粉、藻类等古生物实验资料,结合岩性及电性特征,自下而上划分出东营组、馆陶组和明化镇组,并依据渤海地区特有介形类属种化石的展布规律,探讨了渤海曹妃甸D井的沉积环境。

基于不同种类生态安全的土地利用情景模拟

为解决中国城市化进程中日益严峻的生态和环境问题,合理确定未来土地利用结构和布局是关键,开展不同约束条件下的土地利用情景模拟研究对于科学规划和辅助决策具有重要意义。该文首先采用景观安全格局理论构建了曹妃甸新区综合生态安全格局,然后基于GIS和CA-Markov模型,提出了一种基于生态安全格局的土地利用情景模拟方法,并借助于2005年和2013年2期土地利用遥感解译图对曹妃甸新区生态安全格局保护与无生态保护2种土地利用情景下2021年的土地利用结构和布局进行了预测和模拟,结果显示,曹妃甸新区生态安全格局总面积为1 058.80km2,占区域总面积的53.53%,其中底线生态安全格局面积为312.67km2,占区域总面积的15.81%。生态安全格局保护情景下,底线生态安全格局范围内新增建设用地为0,且总生态安全格局范围内新增建设用地比无生态保护情景减少17.47km2。生态安全格局保护情景下,景观更趋于破碎化,景观的形状更趋复杂,建设用地与生态用地的分布更趋合理。该研究方法和结果可为区域城市规划和生态保护提供技术支撑和决策参考。

曹妃甸海域围填海工程动力地貌环境遥感分析

利用1993—2011年的4景TM及HJ-1A/1B卫星影像,结合2003年水下地形图,以ArcGIS为工具,进行了渤海湾曹妃甸海域近20年来围填海工程造成的岸线变化监测和水动力环境及冲淤演变影响分析.结果表明,前10年围填海规模不大,岸线推进缓慢,围填海范围在2003年的0 m等深线以内,仅局部地区向海推进约1.3 km;后10年岸线显著向海推进,最近5年的围填海区域已经深入到2003年0 m等深线以下,但基本在2003年5 m等深线以内.目前的围填海方案对水动力影响甚微,离岸沙坝内外有冲有淤,但深槽和水道稳定性良好.针对今后10年的围填海规划方案,需要进一步加强包括遥感手段在内的现场监测研究以及渤海湾内多个围填海工程对曹妃甸海域的累积影响研究.

渤海湾曹妃甸港区开发对水动力泥沙环境的影响

针对渤海湾曹妃甸海域波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,应用波流共同作用下二维泥沙数学模型研究港区开发方案。2006年冬季和夏季大、小潮潮流泥沙验证表明,该海域潮位及15条同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,并进行了矿石码头港池前沿海域在潮流与波浪共同作用下悬沙引起的冲淤验证,计算的冲淤厚度及其分布趋势与实测值比较接近。在此基础上,研究了曹妃甸前岛后陆的港区围垦方案对水动力环境的影响问题,包括该工程引起的曹妃甸甸头以南深槽、老龙沟深槽及各港池的流速变化及底床的冲淤变形等。

曹妃甸围填海工程的环境影响回顾性评价

围填海回顾性评价是一项涉及面广、内容复杂的分析评价工作。要做出准确、科学的评价,就必须有一套科学的后评价方法和指标体系,评价出项目实际目标与可行性研究阶段预测情况的偏离度,从而比较客观地做出评判。文章建立了围填海工程的海洋生态环境影响回顾性评价指标体系、评价标准与评价方法,并综合运用层次分析法对曹妃甸围填海工程的海洋生态、水动力环境、水质环境和底质环境影响进行回顾性综合评价。该方法克服了传统定性评价的主观性缺点,从而得出比较客观、科学的评价结果,为衡量和分析曹妃甸围填海工程对海洋环境的累积影响及后期围填海工程的环境管理与决策提供了依据。

渤海湾曹妃甸围填海工程对大型底栖动物群落的影响

为研究渤海湾围填海工程对附近海域大型底栖动物群落的影响,利用2013年秋季和2014年春季调查数据,对渤海湾附近海域大型底栖动物群落的物种数、总平均丰度、总平均生物量和生物多样性指数进行分析。结果发现,调查区域的优势类群为多毛类,优势种为凸壳肌蛤(Musculus senhousia)和日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicas),这与渤海湾大型底栖动物群落优势种单一和物种小型化的特征相符。曹妃甸围填海海域与邻近海域的大型底栖动物群落物种数、丰度、生物量和多样性指数均没有显著差异。2014年春季较2013年秋季的大型底栖动物群落多样性稍有所提高,这可能是围填海工程放缓和阶段性施工结束后生物群落在缓慢的恢复。ABC曲线(Abundance/Biomass Curves)分析表明渤海湾大型底栖动物群落均已受到中等程度干扰;M-AMBI指数分析发现曹妃甸围填海区大型底栖动物群落健康状况较差。结合渤海湾围填海面积和历史数据,发现围填海等人类活动已对渤海湾生态环境和大型底栖动物群落造成了不同程度的影响,导致该区域的生态系统受损。受损生态系统的完全恢复需要漫长的过程,受损大型底栖动物群落的次生演替也需要较长的时间,短时间内不会有明显的改善。

渤海湾曹妃甸深槽海区地形地貌特征及控制因素

通过研究浅层地震剖面、侧扫声纳和水深地形等数据资料,得出,曹妃甸沙岛的岬角地貌引起深槽海域局部潮流流速增大,甸头前沿深槽区以冲刷为主,最大水深达42 m,刷新了渤海湾最大水深记录,深槽部位的侵蚀量最大,深槽南坡冲刷幅度大于北坡,工程建设后期深槽区侵蚀冲刷程度有变小变缓趋势。早期深槽的形成是由于浅部断层受深部构造影响发生阶梯状错断沉陷,海底地层形成古凹槽,但深槽海底地层沉陷速率略大于沉积速率,使得深槽海域长期保持了渤海湾最大的水深环境。初步得出在历史时期曹妃甸深槽经过2万a以上长期存在,深槽的走向经历了南北向-北东向-北西向的转化过程。认为地质构造、古滦河三角洲演变、海洋水动力作用和人类活动等内外营力作用共同控制了曹妃甸海区地貌体系的发育与演化。达到了研究渤海湾曹妃甸深槽海区地形地貌控制因素和深槽的地质演化的目的,为曹妃甸港的规划、运营期维护和未来发展提供科学依据具有重要意义。

曹妃甸围填海工程的海洋生态服务功能损失估算

以曹妃甸围填海工程为例,采用直接市场法、影子工程法和替代花费法等构建了围填海工程的海洋生态系统服务功能损失的货币化评估模型与方法,并采用对比分析法,建立并探讨了曹妃甸围填海工程对周边海域生态服务功能影响的损失估算方法。结果表明:曹妃甸围填海一期工程占用海域滩涂面积10 500 hm2,由此每年造成海洋生态服务功能价值损失4 735.67万元,其中生物多样性维持功能损失占46.52%,气候调节功能损失占20.92%,空气质量调节功能损失占9.62%,食品生产功能损失占8.98%。曹妃甸围填海工程导致其东部海域生态系统服务功能价值损失每年为421.10万元,其中生物多样性维持功能每年损失1 242.04万元、食品生产功能每年损失452.99万元,而气候调节功能和空气质量调节功能因海洋浮游植物群落初级生产增加而出现功能增大,每年服务功能价值分别增加998.12万元和459.03万元。表明曹妃甸大规模围填海工程不仅对围填所在海域海洋生态系统服务功能造成彻底毁灭,也对围填周边海域海洋生态系统服务功能产生重要影响。