Survey Analysis on Performance of Village Extension Workers in Beijing

To accelerate the improvement in construction of grass-roots agricultural sci-tech service system, establish the Village Extension Worker (VEW) service team, and satisfy increasing demand of Beijing's farmers for agricultural sci-tech services, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture selected and trained 500 village-level agricultural technicians to provide agricultural technical services in August 2010. We carried out an interview and questionnaire survey for the first 296 VEWs, and analyzed their basic information, to find out their current service situations, technical training and demand, as well as difficulties in the course of providing services. On the basis of these, we put forward our recommendations on improving the VEW construction.

Assessment of Pig Disease Prevention of Smallholder Farmers and Village Animal Health Workers in Rural and Peri-Urban Cambodia

Biosecurity measures are essential for protecting pig health, however, these practices are not always utilized by smallholder farmers in Cambodia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices, in terms of pig biosecurity measures, of individual stakeholders involved in pig production in rural and peri-urban households in Cambodia. A survey tool was developed and administered using Kobotoolbox, an online electronic survey tool. Surveys were conducted in the provinces of Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, and Battambang during December 2017 to September 2018. There were 225 pig farmers, 43 village animal health workers (VAHWs), 3-district veterinarians (DVs), and 81 feed store owners enrolled in the study. Results showed that several biosecurity guidelines are not followed or well understood by farmers. Specific concerning practices included using natural boars, sharing pig equipment (e.g. scales), feeding kitchen waste, managing other livestock, handling manure, and not restricting access by visitors (VAHWs or DVs, boar owners, pig buyers, neighbors, and meat sellers). Thus, education of pig smallholder farmers and VAHWs on pig biosecurity is needed for improving pig health and production, economic value, and livelihood of smallholder farmers in Cambodia.

Influence of Migrant Workers Returning to Hometown on the Changes of Village Social Structure

Based on field survey data of Village Z in Henan Province and from the perspective of the end of villages,we studied the influence of migrant workers returning to hometown on the changes of village social structure from village social interaction and village right reconstruction.Survey results show that social interaction centers of migrant workers returning to hometown for starting an undertaking move outside,which has exceeded the range of rural society of acquaintances and promoted the breaking of the traditional social relationship network " Differential Model of Association".In addition,migrant workers returning to hometown actively participate in building village rights and show more passionate political enthusiasm and practice of modern democratic concept.Furthermore,it not only speeds up disintegration of China's small peasant economy and division of traditional farmers,but also is an important opportunity for realizing farmers' self-ending and village ending,as well as urban and rural integration.

The Community Renewal of Shantytown Transformation in Old Industrial Cities:Evidence from Tiexi Worker Village in Shenyang,China

There are many problems,such as poverty,unemployment,poor infrastructure and how to improve the ecological environment,in the shantytowns of old industrial cities.Shantytowns are the most centralized areas with different contradictions,referred to as the‘problem areas’of urban sustainable development.The shantytown transformation of old industrial cities is a typical process of unit community disintegration,which is reflected not only in the reconstruction of physical space but also in the community renewal of social spatial integration and culture reconstruction.Based on qualitative research,questionnaires and in-depth interviews,taking Tiexi Worker Village in Shenyang as a research case,this paper attempts to analyse the characteristics and driving forces of the community renewal of shantytown transformation in old industrial cities.We found that the physical space of Tiexi Worker Village has changed considerably,which is embodied in its land use structure,living environment and community service facilities,reflecting the development of community function from simple industrial function to comprehensive functions.The residents in this community have experienced a transformation from a period of homogeneity to one of heterogeneity.The social network of the community has been destroyed.Social stratification,social differentiation and higher fluidity have occurred.Community renewal is mainly affected by macro factors such as policy regulation,economic driving,condition constraints,and micro factors such as residents’choice of living space and willingness to renew their communities.The transformation policy of the old industrial zone and the development policy of the new urban area are the fundamental and deep-seated reasons for the renewal of Tiexi Worker Village,which determine the direction of the renewal and development of the community.The paid use of land and the development of the real estate industry are the direct stimulating factors for the renewal of Tiexi Worker Village,which become the direct reasons for the spatial transformation.The changes in the population in urban and rural areas and the promotion of traffic are the driving factors for the renewal of the community,while the choice of residents and their willingness regarding community renewal are the endogenous forces for promoting community renewal.Finally,the author attempts to put forward a model of the interlaced mechanism of the forming of community renewal at the macroscopic and microcosmic levels,which are the urban renewal and reconstruction and social space differentiation of community residents,respectively.

Community Renewal Strategy for Improving Community Resilience:A Case Study of River Ring Area of Caoyang New Village in Shanghai

In a new round of urban renewal,China’s urban space expansion is shifting from incremental development to inventory mining.Residents’ demands for improvement of community material environment and community cultural identity are increasing.Meantime,affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019,community resilience has become an urgent problem to be solved in urban communities.Based on resilience theory,TOD theory and other planning concepts,the paper analyzes the vulnerability of Shanghai Caoyang river ring area,and puts forward a multi-level community resilience improvement strategy,including increasing diversified public service facilities,building public pedestrian network,and reshaping public open space to improve the stability,adaptability and resilience of the community,in order to build the development path of resilient communities.The study will provide inspiration for future micro-renewal of communities and promote the sustainable development of urban communities.

Game analysis of endogenous force in developing cooperatives in the village: A case study

With village elite fl ow as the clues, this study mainly describes the development of the Hongqi village cooperative organization. Through analyzing the fl ow condition in development process of the village elite personnel in the village cooperatives, this paper explores the struggle and cooperation between the developments of cooperatives of endogenous force in rural structure. The study found that under the limited situation of rural elite capacity, as an embedded base village bottom-up formation of cooperatives, the internal forces are constantly in a tension structure, the various forces in the different development period are conversion between the symbiotic and opposition; Combination, differentiation, struggle of various forces within the cooperative are supported by their own wealth, genetic, factional social capital; the splits and realignments of malignant competition forces caused by internal cooperatives are the key power to restrict the development of village cooperatives. The base-level countryside and cooperatives needs limited elite unity and equilibrium of internal forces to obtain effective governance and long-term development.

基于代际共融的铁西区工人村更新设计策略研究

随着城市的发展与变迁,老旧小区面临着空间不足、无法满足社区居民使用需求的问题,老旧小区老龄化日趋严重,代际之间的差异性导致居民活动空间不足,工人村作为典型的老旧小区亟需更新。基于代际共融理念,对工人村老幼活动空间进行了调研分析,设置适合不同人群的公共活动空间,使不同代际友好融合,解决社区公共空间不足、空间功能缺失的问题,以棋盘式的方格布局,提出了满足老人和儿童行为需求的公共空间的更新活化策略,为老旧小区的保护与更新、激发小区活力提供借鉴。

基于多主体评估的上海市工人新村更新优化策略

文章首先梳理上海市工人新村当前采用的拆除重建、综合改造、维护升级3种更新方式,并通过多主体评估与群决策方法对典型案例进行分析,总结3种更新方式在建筑性能改善、室外环境优化、更新过程与配套服务中存在的问题,进而提出相应的优化提升建议。

农村电子商务、农民工返乡创业与乡村振兴——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析

近年来,以电子商务发展为代表的数字化转型正在加快推进,并呈现出由城市加速向农村渗透的局面,但当前关于数字经济对农民工群体影响的文献较少,更忽视了农村电子商务发展对农民工返乡创业的潜在作用。论文以电子商务进农村综合示范政策为准自然实验,并与2012—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的五期面板数据进行匹配,借助多时点双重差分模型研究农村电子商务发展对农民工返乡创业的影响。结果表明,农村电子商务发展将农民工返乡创业比例提高了2个百分点,在经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。机制分析发现,农村电子商务发展能够拓宽农民工信息获取渠道、缓解农民工的社交网络约束和资金约束,进而促进农民工返乡创业。异质性分析结果表明,农村电子商务发展的返乡创业促进作用对于受教育水平较低、家庭收入水平较低、地区经济发展水平较低的农民工更为明显,体现出农村电子商务发展的包容性特征。论文的政策启示是,要加快农村电子商务建设,促进农民工返乡创业,以数字乡村建设赋能乡村振兴。

中国不在村承包者的形成机理分析

当前,中国不在村承包者与中国历史上的大地主、发达国家的不在地主都存在显著不同,其因规模狭小而不会成为食利阶层、因提高了农地利用效率而得到肯定。利用独立调查数据对不在村承包者的形成进行实证分析发现,调研样本中的不在村承包者占比为6.7%。使用probit模型、cloglog模型、工具变量法等计量工具,验证了打工时间多、打工距离远能够显著提高其形成概率的假设,该结论具有稳健性,并主要在男性、老一代农民工和典型农村地区成立。因此,应促进城市化和市民化,打破地域界限,破除农民工长时间和长距离外出打工的各种约束和歧视,促进劳动力市场信息的高效传导,完善特别针对外出农民工的社会保障体系。

基于价值回归的工业遗产社区保护更新策略——以沈阳市和睦路工人村为例

工人村作为“一五”时期的建设成果,如今已成为重要的工业遗产社区,具有重要的历史文化价值与保护更新意义。文章以沈阳和睦路工人村为例,从历史价值、使用价值和社会价值角度切入,梳理潜在可利用价值,并展开分析其面临的现状困境表征及其成因;在价值解析和现状分析的基础上,以实现工人村价值回归为目标,从保护更新框架、建筑更新方式、社区支撑体系和邻里交往关系等4个方面提出相应的保护更新策略,为城市遗产保护和有机更新提供有效路径。

农村“水土”如何影响返乡农民工创业绩效?——基于中国西部脱贫县的调查

返乡农民工创业是全面推进乡村振兴的重要抓手。本文使用388份返乡创业农民工调查数据,构建Logit模型,采用熵值法赋权村级指标测算综合得分,实证研究村庄禀赋对返乡农民工创业绩效的影响。分析发现:第一,良好的村庄禀赋对返乡农民工创业绩效有显著积极影响;第二,村庄禀赋影响返乡农民工创业绩效的机制在于村庄禀赋影响创业农民工对生产原料获取和产品销售的便利程度,进而作用于创业绩效。据此,本文建议:持续加大西部地区脱贫县农村基础设施建设投入,搭建与返乡农民工知识储备契合的多元信息平台,推进和优化农村物流体系建设,从而突破西部地区脱贫县不利的村庄禀赋对返乡农民工创业形成的制约。

乡镇社工站建设视角下农村留守老人养老服务体系构建研究

留守老人是我国城市化进程中形成的巨大群体,留守老人老年生活状况如何关系着我国乡村社会的稳定发展、我国的现代化进程以及小康社会的实现。现阶段我国留守老人主要面临着经济支持、精神慰藉、身体健康、日常生活照顾等方面的困境。以乡镇社工站建设为视角,从政府层面、社区层面以及家庭和个体层面出发,通过发展农业生产、完善社会保障,建立社区社会组织、培育在地化社会工作人才,社会工作者的个案辅导等方式解决留守老人的养老困境。

外来务工人员如何“走出城中村”——基于1895份追踪样本的实证研究

城中村是大城市外来务工人员的重要聚居地,但现有研究对城中村的作用存在学术争议,即城中村究竟是外来人口实现个人发展的跳板,最终助其“走出城中村”,还是外来人口的“贫困陷阱”,最终将其“困在城中村”?为回应这一争议,本文基于广州市番禺区80条城中村1895份外来人口样本的5年追踪数据,构建二元logistic回归模型,分析了个体性因素和环境性因素对外来务工人员“走出城中村”的影响。研究发现,女性、汉族、进城时间越久、大专及以上学历的外来务工人员更有可能“走出城中村”,集体经济收入越高、违法建筑面积占比越低的城中村更有可能帮助外来务工人员“走出城中村”。结果表明,城中村有条件地促进或是束缚外来人口的个人发展,应辩证看待。基于此,建议制定政策措施,最大程度发挥城中村正面作用,推动市民化进程。

贵州民族村寨返乡农民工乡村旅游创业后期困境的形成机制——基于贵州省丹寨县卡拉村的探索性研究

民族村寨返乡农民工的乡村旅游创业实践因受到诸多环境因素及个人因素的影响而面临许多后期困境,严重阻碍其创业实践的可持续性。采用质性研究方法中的“扎根理论”,对贵州省丹寨县卡拉村返乡农民工的乡村旅游创业实践进行探索性研究。以半结构式访谈的形式搜集研究资料,对访谈资料进行三级编码,凝练出卡拉村返乡旅游创业者面临着资金、土地、人才、管理技能、客源聚集等创业后期困境,继而进一步探讨了产生这些后期困境的深层次逻辑原因。基于此,构建了贵州民族村寨返乡农民工乡村旅游创业后期困境的形成路径理论模型,以此揭示了其形成机制。最后,从金融、土地和智力支持三个方面提出了解决贵州民族村寨返乡农民工乡村旅游创业后期困境的扶持政策。

新村何以“自新”:基于CAS理论的工人新村自主更新策略研究——以上海曹杨新村为例

文章从形态类型学的视角出发,归纳以曹杨新村为典型的上海工人新村的类型与现实困境。以复杂适应系统理论梳理以曹阳新村为典型系统的七个基本点与四个子系统,建立CAS模型。通过模型的内部关系分析,揭示新村问题的关键点,以探索上海工人新村的自主更新策略。

村卫生室人员执业现状及待遇保障分析——基于6省18县的调查

目的：分析村卫生室人员执业现状及待遇保障情况。方法：根据经济社会发展水平抽取6省18县（市/区）,利用自制调查表调查18县下辖的全部村卫生室。结果：每千农村人口村卫生室人员均数0.7~1.9人;每村卫生室人员均数为1.36~3.24人;部分省村卫生室60岁人员占比超过20%;50%以上村卫生室人员学历为中专且仅有乡村医生执业证书;西部2省村卫生室人员医疗责任险覆盖比例低于11%;除江苏外,其他5省村卫生室人员主要参加新农村养老保险;江苏每村卫生室人员公共卫生和基药补助最高,福建省最低;纳入乡镇卫生院编制管理的村卫生室人员占比低于20%;除江苏外,70%以上村卫生室人员提供24小时服务;村卫生室流出人员超过新进人员。结论及建议：提高村医素质并明确身份;保障村医待遇;鼓励开展研究提出吸引卫生人员到农村执业的更切实可行的建议。

城市记忆与文化遗产——工业遗产保护下的中国工人村

本文论述了工业遗产保护与城市发展之间的关系。沈阳市铁西区工人村始建于1952年,这里居住着三代工人,他们都是老工业基地的缔造者。他们经历了工人阶级的辉煌、改革的阵痛、反思后的腾飞,他们的生活就是东北老工业基地发展历程的缩影,他们的"工人精神"更是这座老城发展的精神内核。工业遗产的保护不仅仅是将冷冰冰的机器、厂矿封存起来,而是将一座工业城市发展的历史展现出来,是将使这些冰冷机器喷发火光的工人阶级的生活展现出来。这才是这座城市发展的历史,同时也是这座城市发展的动力。

边疆山村空巢化原因及解决途径——基于云南BMK村和甘肃HL庄的调查

基于云南BMK村和甘肃HL庄的实地调查,认为两村村民外出务工的相似性原因有:市场经济代替计划经济成为外出务工的国家制度背景;人多地少矛盾突出;土地以外的其他资源难以共享;便捷的交通和多种线路为外出务工提供了便利;消费需要。差异性原因有:两村每个家庭外出务工的具体原因各不相同;外出打工流向不同;两村绝大多数打工工种不同。解决外出务工导致的村庄空巢化的途径是:以城乡发展一体化为思路、以"小城大村"为途径去解决边疆村庄空巢化的问题;发展乡村特色产业是解决边疆村庄空巢化的经济基础;发展村庄文化是解决边疆村庄空巢化的关键。

“民工荒”问题研究综述

本文从五个方面对“民工荒”问题进行了综述和全面剖析,即“民工荒”现状描述、“民工荒”基本判断、民工短缺的结构性特征、“民工荒”产生的主要原因、“民工荒”问题的应对策略。