Selenium Differentially Regulates Flavonoid Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacities in Sprouts of Twenty Diverse Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)Genotypes

Seed germination with selenium(Se)is promising for producing Se-biofortified foods.Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)sprout is freshly eaten as a salad dressed with sauce,making it superior for Se biofortification.Since the Se safety range for the human body is extremely narrow,it is imperative to evaluate the genotypic responses of mungbean sprouts to Se.This study evaluated the Se enrichment capacity and interaction withflavonoids and antioxidant systems in sprouts of 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment was done by immersing mung-bean seeds in 20μM sodium selenite solution for 8 h.Afterward,the biomass,Se amounts,flavonoid(particularly vitexin and isovitexin)contents,antioxidant capacity,and key biosynthetic gene expressions were measured.Sprout Se content was 2.0-7.0μg g^(-1) DW among the 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment differentially affected the biomass,totalflavonoid,vitexin,isovitexin,antioxidant enzyme activities,and antioxidant capacities of the mungbean germplasms.Eight germplasms showed increased biomass(p<0.05),the highest increasing by 127%,but 13 did not phenotypically respond to Se treatment.Seven and six germplasms showed varied levels of vitexin and isovitexin increment after Se treatment,the highest measuring 2.67-and 2.87-folds for vitexin and isovitexin,respectively.Two mungbeanflavonoid biosynthesis genes,chalcone synthase(VrCHS)and chalcone isomerase(VrCHI)were significantly up-regulated in the germplasms with increased vitexin and isovitexin levels(p<0.05).Moreover,Se enrichment capacity was significantly correlated with the vitexin,isovitexin,and antiox-idant capacities.In conclusion,mungbean sprouts could be a useful Se-biofortified food,but the Se enrichment capacity and nutritional response must be determined for each germplasm before commercialization.

Influence of Incomplete Soil Plugs on Bearing Capacities of Bucket Foundations in Clay

Due to the uneven seabed and heaving of soil during pumping,incomplete soil plugs may occur during the installation of bucket foundations,and the impacts on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations need to be evaluated.In this paper,the contact ratio(the ratio of the top diameter of the soil plug to the diameter of the bucket)and the soil plug ratio(the ratio of the soil heave height to the skirt height)are defined to describe the shape and size of the incomplete soil plug.Then,finite element models are established to investigate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations with incomplete soil plugs and the influences of the contact ratios,and the soil plug ratios on the bearing capacities are analyzed.The results show that the vertical bearing capacity of bucket foundations in homogeneous soil continuously improves with the increase of the contact ratio.However,in normally consolidated soil,the vertical bearing capacity barely changes when the contact ratio is smaller than 0.75,while the bearing capacity suddenly increases when the contact ratio increases to 1 due to the change of failure mode.The contact ratio hardly affects the horizontal bearing capacity of bucket foundations.Moreover,the moment bearing capacity improves with the increase of the contact ratio for small aspect ratios,but hardly varies with increasing contact ratio for aspect ratios larger than 0.5.Consequently,the reduction coefficient method is proposed based on this analysis to calculate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations considering the influence of incomplete soil plugs.The comparison results show that the proposed reduction coefficient method can be used to evaluate the influences of incomplete soil plug on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations.

Optimization on microstructure,mechanical properties and damping capacities of duplex structured Mg–8Li–4Zn–1Mn alloys

Optimizing the mechanical properties and damping capacity of the duplex-structured Mg–Li–Zn–Mn alloy by tailoring the microstructure via hot extrusion was investigated.The results show that the Mg–8Li–4Zn–1Mn alloy is mainly composed ofα-Mg,β-Li,Mg–Li–Zn and Mn phases.The microstructure of the test alloy is refined owing to dynamic recrystallization(DRX)during hot extrusion.After hot extrusion,the crushed precipitates are uniformly distributed in the test alloy.The yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation(EL)of as-extruded alloy reach 156 MPa,208 MPa,and 32.3%,respectively,which are much better than that of as-cast alloy.Furthermore,the as-extruded and as-cast alloys both exhibit superior damping capacities,with the damping capacity(Q^(-1))of 0.030 and 0.033 at the strain amplitude of 2×10^(-3),respectively.The mechanical properties of the test alloy can be significantly improved by hot extrusion,whereas the damping capacities have no noticeable change,which indicates that the duplex-structured Mg–Li alloys with appropriate mechanical properties and damping properties can be obtained by alloying and hot extrusion.

Perceived stress and coping capacities among frontline healthcare workers of AIIMS during COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To assess perceived stress and coping capacity of frontline health workers from AIIMS during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2021 enrolled 694 participants.An online questionnaire based on Google Forms was developed to collect the data.Participants were assessed using the validated Perceived Stress Scale and the Coping Resources Inventory Scale.Results:The age of participants were 27(23-52)years old.The majority of respondents(73.5%)felt moderately stressed.Of the 694 participants,83.0%of the 576 participants had average stress management skills.Sex,marital status,and profession were significantly associated with perceived stress.In addition,marital status and profession were significantly associated with coping capacity.Conclusions:The majority of participants have moderate stress levels and average coping skills.Frontline healthcare workers have to maintain mental and physical health.Achieving this requires early screening and stress management for healthcare workers.

The transformation of LPSO type in Mg-4Y-2Er-2Zn-0.6Zr and its response to the mechanical properties and damping capacities

The transformation of LPSO type in Mg-4Y-2Er-2Zn-0.6Zr during heat treatment and its influence on damping and mechanical properties are reported in this work.Prior to heat treatment,the alloy consisted of a-Mg matrix and lamellar 14H LPSO phases.After 510℃heat treatment,lamellae shortened,and their content decreased.Upon 8h heat treatment,block 18R LPSO phases formed at the grain boundaries while 14H LPSO lamellae disappeared.Presence of block 18R LPSO phases improved mechanical and damping properties of the alloy.The corresponding mechanisms of the influence of LPSO type and morphology on mechanical and damping capacities are discussed.

Mechanical properties and damping capacities of magnesium alloys processed by equal channel angular extrusion(ECAE)

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was applied to commercial pure magnesium and AZ91D alloy. Microstructures of these magnesium alloys before and after ECAE process were observed by optical microscopy (OM). The ultimate tensile strength of pure magnesium and AZ91D alloy processed by ECAE is about 130 and 260MPa, respectively, and it is much higher than that of the as cast alloys. The elongation of them is increased from about 2% to 8%. The strain amplitude dependence damping capacities of these magnesium alloys were investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). ECAE process largely decreases the damping capacities of pure magnesium from 0.033 to about 0.012 (ε=1×10 -4), but does not show obvious influence on that of AZ91D alloy, which is about 0.0015.

Therapeutic capacities of human and mouse skeletal muscle-derived stem cells for a long gap peripheral nerve injury

An overview of a long-gap peripheral nerve therapy： A long- gap peripheral nerve transection injury is an irreparable injury to the living body, and mostly leads to permanent loss of re- lated motor and sensory functions. In such long gap injuries, nerve end-to-end suture is physically impossible. Therefore, bridging a long nerve-gap is critical to re-establish adequate mechanical support for separated nerve ends, and prevent the diffusion of neurotrophic and neurotropic factors secreted by transected stumps （Deumens et al., 2010）.

Absorptive Capacities for Sustainability Technologies:Perspectives from the BRICS and China

For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.

Low frequency damping capacities of commercial pure magnesium

The amplitude-dependent and temperature-dependent low frequency damping capacities of magnesium with 99.96% purity were studied by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The pure magnesium alloys include CPM1 and CPM2 castings having textures of columnar grains which extraordinarily influence the damping behaviours. The commercial pure magnesium alloy CPM was re-melted to obtain equiaxed grains, which could remove the effect of texture orientation on the damping behaviours of these pure magnesium alloys. The results of strain amplitude-dependent damping spectrums of these pure magnesium alloys show that the pure magnesium with equiaxed grains possesses the highest damping capacity. In temperature-dependent damping plot for all these three pure magnesium alloys, there are two damping peaks P1 and P2 located at 80 and 230 °C, respectively. These two damping peaks are considered to be caused by the interaction between dislocation and point defects, and the movement of grain boundaries, respectively.

Low-temperature heat capacities of crystalline Ho(Gly)_(3)Cl_(3)·3H_(2)O from 78 to 348 K

Heat capacities of the rare-earth complex with glycine [Ho(Gly)3Cl3·3H2O] were measured with a high-precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 348 K.In the experimental temperature range,the heat capacities increased in a smooth and continuous manner and no phase transition or thermal anomaly occurred.Therefore,the sample was stable in the above temperature range.The values of experimental heat capacities were fitted to a polynomial equation with least square method and ...

Changes of Some Capacities and Failure Mode of Ni/MH Batteries During Cycling

The changes of capacities of positive and negative electrodes, reserve capacities of charging and discharging, and the weight of batteries during cycling have been determined. The increase of the discharging reserve capacity due to the conjugated electrochemical reactions of the oxidation of hydrogen storage alloy is estimated. The results show that the failure mode of Ni/MH batteries developed is as follows: during the increase of cycles, the hydrogen storage alloy is oxidized continuously and the charging reserve capacity is decreased rapidly while the discharging reserve capacity is increased gradually, thus the internal pressure is increasing, first H 2 leaks out from the battery, then the mixture of H 2 and O 2. The leakage of gases and the total reaction of oxidation of the alloy consume H 2O, and the surface oxides on the alloy increase, so that the internal resistance of the battery increases.

Impact of Vibration Models on Heat Capacities of HF Molecular System

Based on the analysis of completeness and finiteness of HF molecular vibrational levels, HF systemic vibrational heat capacity is studied with quantum statistical and full set of vibrational energy level determined AM (algebraic method). The results show that correct vibrational description and vibrational energy level set of HF system are key factors in calculating heat capacity, HF heat capacity data determined by AM energy spectra {Eυ} are much superior to the ones of harmonic oscillator model, AM results are agreement with experiment data.

Effects of the Dietary Probiotic Clostridium butyricum on Intestine Digestive and Metabolic Capacities, SCFA Content and Body Composition in Marsupenaeus japonicus

A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body composition of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Shrimp s were randomly allocated into 9 tanks, 30 each, and f ed with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum(1×10~9 cfug^(-1)): 0 mgg^(-1) feed(Control), 100 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-100), 200 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-200), while each level was triplicated. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the intestine pepsin(Pep) activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) concentration of two C. butyricum group s were both increased. Amylase(AM Y) and lipase(LPS) activities wer e only induced in CB-200 group. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(A ST) activities of two C. butyricum group s showed no significant change. The α-amylase(AM Y) gene expression was induced in CB-200 group, and tryp sin gene expression of two C. butyricum treated group s were both induced. Intestine SCFA content and body composition analysis showed that the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and the crude protein of two C. butyricum group s were all higher than those of control. These results revealed that C. butyricum can modulate intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, improve intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content in M. japonicus.

Capacities of Clay Fraction of a Latosol to Retain Cations and Anions as Inferred from the Wien Effect in Soil Suspensions

Suspensions of a latosol with a clay concentration of 30 g kg^(-1) wereprepared from electrodialyzed clay fractions, less than 2 μm in diameter, five nitrate solutionswith a concentration of 1 X 10^(04)/z mol L^(-1), where z is the valence, and five sodium saltsolutions with a concentration of 3.3 X 10^(-5)/2 mol L^(-1). The direct current (DC) electricalconductivities (ECs) of the colloidal suspensions were measured at a constant temperature of 25 ℃,using a newly established method of measuring the Wien effect in soil suspensions at field strengthsranging from 13.5 to 150 kV cm^(-1), to determine their electrical conductivity-field strengthrelationships and to infer the order of the bonding strength (retaining force) between soilparticles and various ions. The measurements with the latosol suspensions in NaNO_3, KNO_3,Ca(NO_3)_2, Mg(NO_3)_2 and Zn(NO_3)_2 solutions resulted in increments of the suspension ECs, ΔECs,of 7.9, 5.0, 7.1, 7.0 and 5.8 μS cm^(-1), respectively, when the applied field strength increasedfrom 14.5 to 142 kV cm^(-1). As for the suspensions in NaNO_3, NaCl, Na_2SO_4, Na_3PO_4 andNa_3AsO_4 solutions, the ΔECs were 6.2, 5.3, 4.1, 4.0 and 3.7μS cm^(-1), respectively, when theapplied field strength increased from 13.5 to 90 kV cm^(-1). Thus, it can be deduced that theretaining forces of the clay fraction of the latosol for the cations were in the descending orderK^+ > Zn^(2+) > Mg^(2+) ≥ Ca^(2+) > Na^+, and for the anions in the descending order H_2AsO_4^- >H_2PO_4^-≥ SO_4^(2-) > Cl^- > NO_3~ -.

Capacities and Failure Modes of Suction Bucket Foundation with Internal Bulkheads

Suction bucket foundations can be divided into four compartments by cruciform internal bulkheads,thereby yielding better capacity in certain conditions than those without internal bulkheads.As yet,no systematic study has been conducted regarding the effects of cruciform internal bulkheads on the capacities of suction bucket foundations.In this study,we established a large number of finite element models of suction bucket foundations with and without cruciform internal bulkheads and of solid embedded circular foundations.We found the uniaxial capacities and failure modes of suction bucket foundations with various depth ratios to remain basically unaffected by internal bulkheads in uniform clays.However,in inhomogeneous clay with high strength heterogeneity,we observed the uniaxial moment and horizontal capacities and corresponding failure modes of suction bucket foundations with a low depth ratio to be obviously affected by internal bulkheads.In this case,the uniaxial moment capacities,in particular,as well as the horizontal capacities of suction bucket foundations with cruciform internal bulkheads become obviously greater than those without internal bulkheads.Under combined loading,we found the failure envelopes of suction bucket foundations with and without cruciform internal bulkheads and of solid circular foundation to also be basically consistent in uniform clays.However,in inhomogeneous clay with high strength heterogeneity,cruciform internal bulkheads can obviously change the shapes of the failure envelopes of bucket foundations with a small depth ratio.We conclude that when the acting vertical load or foundation depth is relatively small,suction bucket foundations with cruciform internal bulkheads can be subjected to larger moment and horizontal loads in soft clays with high strength heterogeneity.

Influence of B4C particle size on microstructure and damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites

To study the influence of B4C particle size on the microstructure and damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites,in situ reactive infiltration technique was utilized to prepare Mg-matrix composites.The microstructure,produced phases and damping capacities of the composites prepared with different particle size of B4C were characterized and analyzed.The results show that the reaction between B4C and Ti tends to be more complete when finer B_(4)C particle was used to prepare the composites.But the microstructure of the as-prepared composites is more homogenous when B4C and Ti have similar particle size.The strain-dependent damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites improve gradually with the increase of strain amplitude,and composites prepared with coarser B4C particles tend to have higher damping capacities.The temperature-dependent damping capacities improve with increasing the measuring temperatures,and the kind of damping capacities of the composites prepared with 5mm B4C are inferior to those of coarser particles.The dominant damping mechanism for the strain-damping capacity is dislocation damping and plastic zone damping,while that for the temperature-damping capacity is interface damping or grain boundary damping.

Comparative evaluation of roundabout capacities under heterogeneous traffic conditions

In heterogeneous traffic conditions, roundabout capacity is described by vehicle and driver characteristics which are different from traffic conditions in homogeneous conditions. In the present study, the capacity of the roundabout is determined using various capacity formulas such as gap acceptance models given by Highway Capacity Manual 2010 （US）, German model （2001）; empirical regression models given by TRRL （UK） and weaving models given by IRC： 65-1976 （India）. In addition, microscopic simulation model like VISSIM （PTV Ger- many） is also used to derive capacity values. Unlike the other capacity estimation models, VISSIM is helpful in estimating capacity values using geometric and driver characteristics and it can also simulate heterogeneous traffic condition accurately. Capacity is estimated after calibrating the simulation model （VISSIM） developed for the roundabout. This is achieved by incorporating different vehicle classes to represent the heterogeneous traffic environment, driver gap acceptance, and lane changeparameters. All the required inputs were extracted from the video using semi-automatic data collection methods. Data are used for the estimation of capacity values from dif- ferent methods mentioned above and for the calibration and validation of simulation model. The capacity values esti- mated form various formulas except German model are distinctly different from the field values and they are either overestimating or underestimating. Analysis of these observations reveals that the capacity values from VISSIM and German models are nearly matching with the field capacity.

Effects of caprock sealing capacities on coalbed methane preservation:Experimental investigation and case study

Caprocks play an important role in the trapping of coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs.To study the sealing capacities of caprocks,five samples with different lithologies of Neogene clayrock,Paleogene redbeds,Permian sandstone,Permian mudstone and Permian siltstone were collected and tested using experimental methods of microstructure observation,pore structure measurement and diffusion properties determination.Results indicate that with denser structures,lower porosities,much more developed micropores/transition pores and higher pore/throat ratios,mudstone and siltstone have the more ideal sealing capacities for CBM preservation when comparing to other kinds of caprocks;the methane diffusion coefficients of mudstone/siltstone are about 6 times higher than sandstone and almost 90 times higher than clayrock/redbeds.To further estimate the CBM escape through caprocks,a one-dimensional CBM diffusion model is derived.Modeling calculation result demonstrates that under the same thickness,the CBM sealing abilities of mudstone/siltstone are almost 100 times higher than those of clayrock/redbeds,and nearly 17 times higher than sandstone,which indicates that the coal seam below caprocks like clayrock,redbeds or sandstone may suffer stronger CBM diffusion effect than that below mudstone or siltstone.Such conclusion is verified by the case study from III3 District,Xutuan Colliery,where the coal seam capped by Paleogene redbeds has a much lower CBM content than that capped by the Permian strata like mudstone,siltstone and sandstone.

Antioxidant Capacities and Main Reducing Substance Contents in 110 Fruits and Vegetables Eaten in China

The aim of this study was to screen strongly-antioxidant fruits and vegetables and supply practical diet guidance for the public. We used 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and total reducing power (TRP) assays to investigate antioxidant activities in 110 fruits and vegetables. To analyze the correlation between antioxidant capacities and main reducing substance contents, total phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C contents were assessed. The results showed great variation in antioxidant activity, and fifteen fruits and vegetables possessed the strongest antioxidant capacities: Toona sinensis, hawthorn, jujube, lotus root, persimmon, red plum, black plum, chilli pepper, star fruit, strawberry, blueberry, cherry, peach, pomegranate and great burdock. Total phenolic contents showed higher correlation with antioxidant capacity when using FRAP and TRP assays than when using the DPPH or ABTS assay. Phenolics and flavonoids, rather than vitamin C, contributed to antioxidant potential in most fruits and vegetables.

EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON DAMPING CAPACITIES OF AS-CAST ZA27 ALLOY

ZA27 alloy was prepared by casting with permanent mold and then annealed at 250℃ for 1-4h. The damping capaciG of the alloy was measured using a testing apparatus based on the cantilever beam technique. It was found that the as-cast ZA27 alloy possesses high damping capacity with the value of 1.3 × 10^4 at 320Hz. After annealed at 250℃ for lh, the damping capacity decreases to 1.1 × 10^-3 and then remains constant even when the annealing time is increased to 4h. The microstructure of the as-cast ZA27 alloy consists of large dendrites of Al-rich PrimaG （x-phases, eutectoid （α ＋ η） and nonequilibrium eutectic phases （α ＋ η ＋ ε）. After annealing at 250℃ for lh, the e phase disappears due to dissolution into the matrix, and the spacing between the flakes of eutectoid increases. The further increase in the annealing time has little effect on the spacing. The damping mechanism of the alloy was discussed considering the thermoelastic damping and defect damping. The value of thermoelastic damping accounts only for 7%-8% in the overall damping in cantilever beam damping measurements and the damping capacity of the ZA27 alloy came mainly from defect damping.