Enantioseparation of Several PharmaceuticalRacemates with High PerformanceCapillary electrophoresis

With high performance capillary electrophoresis using -cyclodextrin or its deriveatives as the chiral selectors, five pairs of drug enantiomers were separated, The PH of the back- gmund electrolyte and the chiral selector concentrations were optimized; and the effect of organic modifier on separation of chlorpheniramine enantiomers was also inver

Recent applications and chiral separation development based on stationary phases in open tubular capillary electrochromatography(2019–2022)

Capillary electrochromatography(CEC)plays a significant role in chiral separation via the double separation principle,partition coefficient difference between the two phases,and electroosmotic flow-driven separation.Given the distinct properties of the inner wall stationary phase(SP),the separation ability of each SP differs from one another.Particularly,it provides large room for promising applications of open tubular capillary electrochromatography(OT-CEC).We divided the OT-CEC SPs developed over the past four years into six types:ionic liquids,nanoparticle materials,microporous materials,biomaterials,non-nanopolymers,and others,to mainly introduce their characteristics in chiral drug separation.There also added a few classic SPs that occurred within ten years as supplements to enrich the features of each SP.Additionally,we discuss their applications in metabolomics,food,cosmetics,environment,and biology as analytes in addition to chiral drugs.OT-CEC plays an increasingly significant role in chiral separation and may promote the development of capillary electrophoresis(CE)combined with other instruments in recent years,such as CE with mass spectrometry(CE/MS)and CE with ultraviolet light detector(CE/UV).

A New Capillary Electrophoresis Apparatus with Piezoelectric Ceramics High Voltage Source and Amperometric Detector

A new capillary electrophoresis apparatus was designed. Piezoelectric ceramics transformer technology was first applied in capillary electrophoresis, a high voltage and stable source was made. Amperometric detector was used in which the working electrode was closely opposite to the end of capillary. The apparatus was characterized in good reproducibility, safety and very low cost.

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection for the analysis of quinolone drugs and pharmacokinetics study

A novel method for the determination of two quinolone drugs norfloxacin （NOR） and levofloxacin （LVX） was described by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. The good relationship （r ≥ 0.9991） between peak area and concentration of analytes was established over two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection （LOD, S/N = 3） in standard solution are 4.8 × 10^-7 mol/L for NOR and 6.4 × 10^-7 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The limits of quantitation （LOQ, S/N = 10） in real human urine samples are 1.2 × 10^-6 mol/L for NOR and 1.4 × 10^-6 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of NOR and LVX in human urine and the studv of oharmacokinetics of NOR.

Recent advances in screening of enzymes inhibitors based on capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening. The period covers 2013 to 2017. Both the pre-capillary enzyme assays and in-capillary enzyme assays which include electrophoretically mediated microanalysis（EMMA） and immobilized enzyme microreactor（IMER） are summarized in this article.

A novel method for Co(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) analysis by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

Based on the fact that some metal ions can catalyze the chemiluminescence(CL)reaction of luminol with K_3Fe(CN)_6,a novel capillary electrophoresis CL method was developed for the determination of Co(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ).The separation was carried out with a 10 mmol/L sodium acetate solution containing 0.8 mmol/L luminol and 2.0 mmol/Lα-HIBA(adjusted to pH 4.8 by HAc solution).The post-capillary reagent was 2.0 mmol/L K_3Fe(CN)_6 which was adjusted to pH 13.0 by NaOH solution.Under the optimum conditions,the detection limits(S/N=3)for Co(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)were 7.5×10^(-11)mol/L and 7.5×10^(-9)mol/L,with the linear range of 7.5×10^(-9)mol/L to 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L and 7.5×10^(-8)mol/L to 5.0×10^(-5)mol/L, respectively.

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Coke Plant Wastewater by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Inhibited Chemiluminescence Detection

A capillary electrophoresis（CE） with on-line inhibited chemiluminescence （CL） detection was firstly used for the simultaneous analysis of benzenediol isomers and phenol. It is based on the quenching effect of benzenediol isomers and phenol on the chemiluminescence reaction of luminol with potassium ferricyanide in sodium hydroxide medium. Under the optimum conditions, the four phenols were baseline separated and detected in less than 10 rain. The detection limits （S/N=3） for hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol and phenol were 2.9×10^-8 mol/L, 3.7×10^-7 mol/L, 8.4×10^-8 mol/L and 4.4×10^-6 mol/L, respectively. Finally, the presented method has been successfully applied to real sample.

A Capillary Electrophoresis Detection Scheme for Water-soluble Vitamins Based on Luminol-BrO^- Chemiluminescence System

A novel chemiluminescence detection scheme has been developed for detecting water-soluble vitamins following capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation. This detection was based on the inhibitory effect of vitamins on the CL reaction between luminol and BrO- in basic aqueous solution. Detection of vitamins was accomplished with a boratebased background electrolyte at pH 9.2. The luminol was used as a component of the separation carrier electrolyte.

Determination of Cordycepin in Cordyceps kyushuensis by Capillary Electrophoresis and its Antitumour Activity

A simple, rapid and low-cost method of determination for cordycepin in Cordyceps kyushuensis by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was developed. Based on the finding that there is a high concentration of cordycepin in both natural and cultured Cordyceps kyushuensis, the in vitro antitumor activity of cordycepin and the water extracts of Cordyceps kyushuensis has been investigated. This is the first report about the antitumor effect of Cordyceps kyushuensis.

Analysis of Amino Acids in a Single Human Red Blood Cell by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Intracellular NDA- derivatization and Electrochemical Detection

A novel method for determination of amino acids in individual human red blood cells has been developed. In this method, the derivatization reagents (NDA and CN-) are introduced into living cells by electroporation. After completion of derivatization, the amino acids in a single cell is determined by capillary zone electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection.

Determination of Tramadol in Human Serum by Capillary Electrophoresis with the End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with end-column electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection method for the analysis of tramadol (TMD) has been investigated. ECL detection was working electrode biased at 1.2 V in a 20mmol·L-1 sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 8.0) containing 5 mmol·L-1 Ru (where bpy = 2,2’-bipyridyl). Linear correlation (r ≥ 0.997) between ECL intensity and drug concentration was obtained in the range 3 × 10-4 - 6 × 10-6 mol·L-1. The limits of detection (LODs) for tramadol in water was 3.012 × 10-8 mol·L-1(S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation values on peak size (10-5 mol·L-1 level) and migration time for the tramadol were 4.58% and 1.39% (n = 10), respectively. Applicability of the CE-ECL method to the analysis of human serum spiked with tramadol was

Analysis of arecoline in Semen Arecae decoction pieces by microchip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

A new method for the determination of arecoline in Semen Arecae decoction pieces by microchip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection （MCE-CCD） was proposed. The effects of various electrophoretic operating parameters on the analysis of arecoline were studied. Under the optimal conditions, arecoline was rapidly separated and detected in 1 rain with good linearity over the concentration range of 20 1500 uM （r2=0.9991） and the detection limit of 5 uM （S/N=3）. The method was used for the analysis of arecoline satisfactorily with a recovery of 96.8 -104%.

A covalent modified hydrophilic capillary for enhanced capillary electrophoresis of biopolymers

8-Gluconolactone was covalently coupled to aminopropyl derivatized capillary, which created hydrophilic brushes on the inner wall of the capillary. The coated capillary was shown to generate a stable electroosmotic flow （EOF） in the investigated pH range of 2.0-9.0 and to suppress effectively the adsorption of proteins. And it enabled separation of some biopolymer mixtures including basic proteins, DNA and tryptic digested bovine serum albumin （BSA） within 15 rain with efficiencies up to 450,000 plates/m. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the coating referring to the retention times of proteins were satisfactory with mean relative standard deviations （R.S.D.） of 0.8 and 1.7%, respectively. 2009 Yin Mao Wei. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.

Capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminecence detection of levodopa and benserazide in Medopar tablet

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of benserazide and levodopa using capillary electrophoresis （CE）- chemiluminescence （CL） has been developed. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits （S/N = 3） were 1.85 μg/mL for benserazide and 0.12 μg/mL for levodopa. This method was successfully applied to the determination of benserazide and levodopa in Medopar tablet, the results showed that the detected values are in accordance with those by official methods.

Capillary electrophoresis with direct chemiluminescence detection for the analysis of catecholamines in human urine

A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of three catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis （CE） with direct chemiluminescence （CL） detection is described. The detection limits （S/N= 3） were 1.3 × 10^-8 g/mL for isoprenaline, 1.0 × 10^-8g/mL for epinephrine and 2.8 × 10^-8 g/mL for dopamine. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of catecholamines in urine samples of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The results showed that there is a close relation between the release of dopamine in human body fluids and cigarette smoking/nonsmoking.

Assay of Histamine in Single Mast Cells by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the analysis of histamine in single rat peritoneal mast cells using an amperometric detector. In this method, individual mast cells and then 0.02 mol/L NaOH as a lysing solution are injected into the front end of the separation capillary. A cell injector was constructed for easy injection of single cells. Histamine in single mast cells has been identified and quantified.

Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin for Chiral Separation of Amino Acids Derivatized with Fluorescene-5-isothiocyanate by Capillary Electrophoresis and Laser-induced Fluorescence Detection

A method using carboxymethyl-b-cyclodextrin (CM-b-CD) as selector for chiral separation of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection was studied. Resolution was better than that obtained by b-CD or HP-b-CD.

Highly sensitive trivalent copper chelate-luminol chemiluminescence system for capillary electrophoresis chiral separation and determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in urine samples

A simple,fast and sensitive capillary electrophoresis（CE） strategy combined with chemiluminescence（CL） detection for analysis of ofloxacin（OF） enantiomers was established in the present work.Sulfonated p-cyclodextrin（β-CD） was used as the chiral additive being added into the running buffer of luminol-diperiodatocuprate（Ⅲ）（K[Cu（HIO6）2],DPC） chemiluminescence system.Under the optimum conditions,the proposed method was successfully applied to separation and analysis of OF enantiomers with the detection limits（S/N=3） of 8.0 nM and 7.0 nM for levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin,respectively.The linear ranges were both 0.010-100 μM.The method was utilized for analyzing OF in urine;the results obtained were satisfactory and recoveries were 89.5-110.8%,which demonstrated the reliability of this method.This approach can also be further extended to analyze different commercial OF medicines.

Phylogenetic relationships among five species of Armeniaca Scop. (Rosaceae) using microsatellites (SSRs) and capillary electrophoresis

The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.

Electrochemical Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in BALB/c Mouse Fetal Liver Stromal Cells with Capillary Electrophoresis

A method for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BALB/c mouse fetal liver stromal cells has been described based on the catalytic reaction. After the cell extract is incubated with the substrate disodium phenyl phosphate, the reaction product phenol generated by ALP is determined by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.