Psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection among diabetes patients

Objective:This review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose(CBG)testing and insulin injection,as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.Methods:Databases,including PubMed,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Scopus,and Google Scholar,were searched to extract the relevant articles.Initially,the terms used to retrieve related studies were"fear of blood glucose monitoring","anxiety capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection","psychological problems on blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection","diabetes management",and"diabetes mellitus".Results:Results showed that the psychological problems related to CBG testing and insulin injection were associated with the stress and depression experienced during diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose.This psychological issue has its impacts such as nonadherence to medication as well as a lack of self-discipline in terms of CBG testing and insulin injection.Inadequate information,inappropriate perception,and pain/discomfort during pricking of fingers were the main reasons for the psychological issues in CBG testing and self-injection of insulin.Conclusions:The expected benefits of this review include the explanation of the issues related to the psychological problems in CBG testing and insulin injection among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.This review article also provides the recommendations on providing counseling and empowering the patients on CBG monitoring and insulin injection.Moreover,family members should provide psychological support to reduce fear,anxiety,and distress arising from CBG testing and insulin injection.

USING CAPILLARY WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE TEST IN SCREENING FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

To discuss whether the capillary whole blood glucose （CBG） test can be used in glucose screening test （GST） for gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） compared to the venous plasma glucose （ VPG） method, and to determine the cutoff value of CBG. Methods This was a self-control test. The 50-g oral GST was conducted among 1 557 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks. Every woman was measured CBG and VPG at the same time and same arm. Three hundred and forty women underwent 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）. Receiver operation curve （ROC） was used to determine the potential cutoff level of CBG and VPG. Diagnose criteria of GDM was based on NDDG criteria. OGTT diagnosed GDM and VPG ≥ 7. 8 mmol/L were used as golden standard for ROC. Results There was good relationship between CBG and VPG （ P 〈0.01 ）. Correlation coefficient was O. 86. The value of CBG was lower than VPG. The statistical and high-sensitivity cutoff values were 7. 4 mmol/L in CBG and 7. 8 mmol/L in VPG when GDM was used as golden standard. Cutoff value of CBG was 7. 0 mmol/L when VPG≥7. 8 mmol/L was used as golden standard. The pregnant outcomes of positive cases of three thresholds had no significant differences. But it was better in case of the pregnant woman when the CBG value was more than 7. 4 mmol/L. Conclusion CBG can be used in GST, the threshold of CBG was suggested as 7. 4 mmol/L. CBG test was more convenience and effective than VPG test.

暴发性肝功能衰竭大鼠肺血管壁通透性、血气的变化及其与内毒素血症的关系

本实验对硫代乙酰胺所致暴发性肝损伤大鼠肺血管壁通透性及血气的变化进行了观察。结果表明,肝损伤大鼠出现暴发性肝功能衰竭症状时,其肺血管对伊文思蓝的通透性增加(P<0.05),血浆内毒素水平亦较正常动物为高(P<0.05)。血气分析表现为动脉血CO_2分压增高(P<0.05);pH降低,且其水平与血浆内毒素浓度呈负相关(r=-0.730,P<0.05),70%大鼠出现混合性酸中毒,但动脉血氧分压及血氧饱和度无变化。

Comparison of Capillary and Venous Glucose Concentrations:A Real-world Study in Patients Undergoing Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron Emission Tomography

Objective Fasting capillary blood glucose(CBG)must be measured before fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)imaging.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether a recently measured fasting venous blood glucose(VBG)concentration could be substituted for CBG.Methods This retrospective study included 520 of 1,378 patients who had undergone FDG-PET at our institution in June 2022.None of the study patients had a history of diabetes mellitus.Each study patient’s CBG was measured immediately before FDG administration,whereas the VBG(VBG<7.8 mmol/L)was measured within one week before and after PET imaging.We used Bland−Altman plots to compare the two blood glucose concentrations.Results The 520 participants(315 male,205 female;ages 13-87 years)accounted for 37.7%(520/1378)of all patients.The median CBG and VBG were 5.7 mmol/L(interquartile range,5.2-6.2 mmol/L)and 5.1 mmol/L(interquartile range,4.8-5.8 mmol/L),respectively.There was a moderate positive correlation between CBG and VBG(r=0.4370,95%CI:0.3625-0.5059,P<0.0001).Bland-Altman plots revealed that only 5.8%(30/520)of the dots exceeded the 95%limits of agreement and these were all within acceptable limits,indicating that the bias was not clinically significant.Conclusion When performing FDG-PET on patients without diabetes,a VBG of<7.8 mmol/L within the previous week may be an acceptable alternative to CBG.

Clinical Study of External Application of Qiyu Oil(芪榆油) Gauze for Promoting Post-operational Healing in Patients with Anal Fistula

Objective:To observe the effects of the external application of Qiyu oil(芪榆油)gauze(QYOG) for promoting post-operational healing in patients with anal fistula and to explore its mechanism of action so as to provide a beneficial scientific basis for its wide use.Methods:Sixty patients with anal fistula scheduled to receive simple low anal fistulectomy were equally assigned,according to the sequence of hospitalization, to the tested group and the control group,and their wounds were classified according to long...