A New Dual-electrode and Multi-channel Electrochemical Detection System for Capillary Electrophoresis

A new type of dual-electrode and multi-channel electrochemical detection technology for capillary electrophoresis is described in this paper. Two detectors(the amperometric detector and the conductometric detector) or two conductometric detectors are connected to the same capillary electrophoresis system. The whole system possesses the advantages of the two electrochemical detectors including sparing time, improving the analytical speed and expanding the sample range. The working electrode and detector cell are handled easily. The system was applied to sample detection with satisfactory results.

Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A sensitive, simple and low-cost method based on capillary electrophoresis（CE） with electrochemical（EC） detection at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode（CFE） was developed for the determination of nicotine. Effects of de- tection potential, concentration and pH value of the phosphate buffer, and injection time as well as separation voltage were investigated. Under the optimized conditions： a detection potential of 1.20 V, 40 rnmol/L phosphate buffer（pH 2.0）, a sample injection time of 10 s at 10 kV and a separation voltage of 16 kV, the linear range obtained was from 5.0×10^-7 mol/L to 1.0×10^-4 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989 and the limit of detection（LOD, S/N=3） obtained was 5.0×10^-8 mol/L. The method was also used to determine the nicotine in cigarettes. Nicotine amount ranged from 0.211 mg/g to 0.583 mg/g in the pipe tobacco of seven brands of cigarette and the amount in one ciga- rette varied from 0.136 mg/cigarette to 0.428 mg/cigarette.

Quality Analysis of Herbal Medicine Products Prepared from Herba Sarcandrae by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection（CE-ED） method was developed for the quality analysis of herbal medicine products prepared from the same herb of Herba Sarcandrae： Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids. Under the optimal analysis conditions, the low detection limit[l.0×10^-7 mol/L（S/N=3）] and the wide linear range（1.0×10^-7-1.0×10^-4 mol/L） were obtained for quality standard compound of isofraxidin. The precisions of the peak current and the migration time（as RSDs） for the real sample analysis were 2.0%-2.6%, and 1.2%-1.8% for isofraxidin, respectively. The contents of isofraxidin detected were 15.77 μg/tablet, 0.48 mg/capsule, 1.2 mg/ampoule（Jiangxi）, and 0.44 mg/ampoule（Dalian） for Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids from different manufacturers, respectively. Quality estimate was conducted by comparing the contents of isofraxidin in the herbal medicine products with the demanded values of Chinese pharmacopeia. In addition, based on their own unique CE-ED profiles（namely, CE-ED electropherograms） the Xuekang oral liquids from the different manufacturers could be easily identified.

Monitoring Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid in Human Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A simple, rapid and low-cost method of separation and determination of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in human urine was developed based on capillary zone electrophoresis / amperometric detection with high sensitivity and good resolution.

Assay of Histamine in Single Mast Cells by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the analysis of histamine in single rat peritoneal mast cells using an amperometric detector. In this method, individual mast cells and then 0.02 mol/L NaOH as a lysing solution are injected into the front end of the separation capillary. A cell injector was constructed for easy injection of single cells. Histamine in single mast cells has been identified and quantified.

Analysis of Amino Acids in a Single Human Red Blood Cell by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Intracellular NDA- derivatization and Electrochemical Detection

A novel method for determination of amino acids in individual human red blood cells has been developed. In this method, the derivatization reagents (NDA and CN-) are introduced into living cells by electroporation. After completion of derivatization, the amino acids in a single cell is determined by capillary zone electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection.

Electrochemical Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in BALB/c Mouse Fetal Liver Stromal Cells with Capillary Electrophoresis

A method for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BALB/c mouse fetal liver stromal cells has been described based on the catalytic reaction. After the cell extract is incubated with the substrate disodium phenyl phosphate, the reaction product phenol generated by ALP is determined by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.

Determination of Amino Acids in Single Human Lymphocytes after On-capillary Derivatization by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

Amino acids in individual human lymphocytes were determined by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrochemical detection after on-capillary derivatization. In order to inject cells easily, a cell injector was designed. Four amino acids (serine, alanine, taurine, and glycine) in single human lymphocytes have been identified. Quantitation has been accomplished through the use of calibration curves.

Study on Rhizoma Chuanxiong based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection(CE-AD) method has been developed for the analysis of seven bioactive ingredients,namely ferulic acid(FA),vanillin,vanillic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid and protocatechuic acid,in Rhizoma Chuanxiong.The effects of several factors such as the acidity and concentration of running buffer,the separation voltage,the applied potential to working electrode and the injection time were investigated.Under the optimum condit...

Carbon Fiber-gold/mercury Dual-electrode Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis

A carbon fiber-gold/mercury dual-electrode for capillary electrophoresis is constructed. Cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid and uric acid can be detected simultaneously and selectively at the dual-electrode, respectively. The capillary electrophoresis / dual-electrode detection system has been used to determine these compounds in human blood samples.

Analysis of Ascorbic Acid in Single Human Neutrophils by Electrochemical Detection

Ascorbic acid in individual human neutrophils was determined by capillary zoneelectrophoresis with electrochemical detection. In order to overcome the influence of theadsorption of the substances in cells on the inner surface wall of the capillary on the migration time and the number of theoretical plates, a procedure for treating capillaries has been described.

Determination of Active Ingredients of Hawthorn by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been developed for the separation and determination of epicatechin, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin and protocatechuic acid in hawthorn for the first time. The effects of working electrode potential, pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and injection time on CE-ED were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes could be separated in a 60 mmoloL-1 borate buffer （pH 8.7） within 21 rain. A 300 lam diameter carbon disk electrode has a good response at ＋0.95 V （vs, SCE） for all analytes. The response was linear over three orders of magnitude with detection limits （S/N=3） ranging from 3 × 10^-8 to 2 × 10^-7 g·mL^-1 for the analytes. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of real sample, with satisfactory results.

A New Method for Decreasing Mass Limit of Detection and Increasing Number of Theoretical Plates in Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection

A new method was developed to decrease the mass limit of detection (LOD) and increase the number of theoretical plates (N) in capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. When the single microcylinder electrode, the 10 um ID capillary with the etched detection end and the in-capillary alignment were used, the mass LOD for phenol was reduced 124 times and N was increased 36 times in comparison with the normal situation.

A New Amperometric Detector Cell for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A simple and convenient electrochemical detection cell for capillary electrophoresis is described in this paper. In this cell, alignment of the capillary working electrode with the separation capillary outlet can be achieved precisely and easily without the aid of the micropositioner or microscope. With end-column detection, the applicability of the cell as an amperometric detector for capillary electrophoresis is demonstrated by running several phenolic compounds in 50 mu m i.d, capillary with a capillary Pt electrode as the working electrode. Results obtained are satisfactory.

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定蜘蛛香中多元酚类化合物

采用毛细管电泳 电化学检测法(CE ED)同时测定了蜘蛛香根中香叶木素、山奈酚、芹菜素、绿原酸 和咖啡酸等5种主要生物活性成分的含量,考察了运行缓冲液酸度、浓度、分离电压、氧化电位和进样时间等 实验参数对分离、检测的影响。在最佳实验条件下,以直径300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为+ 950mV(vs.SCE),在50mmol/L的硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.23)中,上述各组分在23min内能完全分离。5种组 分在两个数量级的范围内呈良好线性关系,检测下限(S/N=3)达1.7×10-4～1.8×10-5g/mL。该法已成功 地应用于蜘蛛香根中活性成分的分离检测,结果令人满意。

毛细管电泳直立型安培电化学检测器的研究

报道了一种新的用于毛细管电泳检测的直立式微型安培电化学检测器。以束状碳纤维盘状电极为工作电极，分离并测定了儿茶酚胺类物质，平均柱效为２２００００，最小检测量达２５ａｍｏｌ，且结构紧凑，操作简便，易于推广。

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定血浆中水溶性小分子抗氧化剂

应用毛细管电泳电化学检测方法,以金属铜电极为检测电极,研究了同时测定人血浆中水溶性小分子抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)、尿酸(UA)、色氨酸(Try)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的最佳条件。在最佳实验条件下,各组分的线性范围在1.0×10-6～5.0×10-4mol/L内;检出限在10-6mol/L数量级。该法具有分析速度快、灵敏度高等优点,对血浆样品的测定取得了满意的结果。

毛细管电泳-电化学检测测定茶叶中咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸

高效毛细管电泳电化学检测同时测定了6种茶叶中的咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸的含量，考察了实验参数对分离、检测的影响。在最佳实验条件下，以300 靘直径的碳圆盘电极为检测电极，检测电极为1.20 V(vs.SCE)，在25 mmol/L硼酸盐25 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 7.6)的混合运行缓冲液中，上述各组分在16 min内能完全分离。咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸在2×10-3mol/L～１×10-5 mol/L、5×10-5mol/L～5×10-7mol/L、2×10-4 mol/L～1×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系，检测下限分别为6×10-6mol/L、4×10-7mol/L和1×10-6mol/L。该法直接用于茶叶中咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸的测定，结果令人满意。

蔗糖水解反应速率常数的毛细管电泳测定方法研究

利用具有高分辨率和高灵敏度的毛细管电泳-电化学检测方法直接测定蔗糖及其水解产物的浓度随反应时间变化的规律．在HCI催化下，对不同温度时蔗糖的水解反应速率常数进行了测定，并求得反应活化能Ea为109．8kJ／mol．该方法比经典的旋光度测定方法更直观简便，结果令人满意．

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定饲料中的磺胺类药物

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED),对饲料中的6种磺胺类药物磺胺脒、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑进行了分离和测定。分别考察了工作电极电位、运行缓冲液的pH和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等实验参数对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以直径300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),在30 mmol/L硼砂-KH2PO4(pH7.6)的运行缓冲溶液中,6个分析物能够在16 min内实现很好的基线分离,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级呈良好的线性,检出限(S/N=3)范围0.08～0.20μg/mL。该方法已应用于实际样品的分析。