Instrumental Approach in Human Capital Management: A Conceptual Framework

Human Capital Management(HCM)is a management concept that demands theoretical foundations for implementation.It must not be easily equated with human resource management activities.HCM must include initiatives directly focused on the knowledge resources that are at the organization’s disposal.However,using only internal knowledge resources is not enough to raise the level of competitiveness.Organizations must reach outside their environment.It has been adopted that,in instrumental terms,HCM is based on intentionally selected and applied organizational,technical,social,formal,and legal,as well as economic and financial instruments in a manner that enables the organization’s goals to be achieved.At the inter-organizational level,HCM was included in the organization’s business ecosystem as the organization gains new opportunities to use the knowledge and human capital of its stakeholders thanks to its network connections.It is from this perspective that the article proposes the main concepts,goals and practices,methods that HCM can serve.

Working capital management and corporate performance： Case of Malaysia

Working capital always being disregard in financial decision making since it involve investment and financing in short term period. However, it is an important component in firm financial management decision. An optimal working capital management is expected to contribute positively to the creation of firm value. To reach optimal working capital management firm manager should control the trade off between profitability and liquidity accurately. The intention of this study is to examine the relationship between working capital management and firm profitability. Cash conversion cycle is used as measure of working capital management. This study is used panel data of 1628 firm-year for the period of 1996-2006 that consist of six different economic sectors which are listed in Bursa Malaysia. The coefficient results of Pooled OLS regression analysis provide a strong negative significant relationship between cash conversion cycle and firm profitability. This reveals that reducing cash conversion period results to profitability increase. Thus, in purpose to create shareholder value, firm manager should concern on shorten of cash conversion cycle till optimal level is achieved.

The impact of working capital management on credit rating

This study investigates the possible nonlinear relationship between working capital and credit rating.Furthermore,it examines the relationship between the three components of working capital(inventory,accounts receivable,and accounts payable)and a firm’s credit rating.Employing data for U.S listed firms for the period between 1985 and 2017,the results of our ordered probit model show a nonlinear relationship between working capital and its components and credit rating.Finally,we find that the deviation from the optimal working capital adversely affects the credit rating.The results of this study are of significant importance for policy makers,managers,decision makers,and credit-rating agencies,as they help highlight the importance of working capital management for a firm’s credit rating.

Relationship Between Working Capital Management and Profitability in Turkey Industrial Listed Companies

The present study investigated the effect of working capital management component on corporate profitability. A sample of 106 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul Stock Exchange （BIST） for the period of 2003-2013 was used. The secondary data for analysis were taken from Bloomberg＇s Database. The present study aims to explore the effect of working capital management components on corporate profitability. We observed that there was a negative correlation between gross operating profit and accounts receivables （A/R）. We also found that there was a positive correlation between gross operating profit and number of days inventory. But they did not affect the profitability of firms in the study at a significant level.

The Relationship Between Working Capital Management and Profitability of Companies Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Efficient working capital management is an integral component of the overall corporate strategy to create shareholders＇ wealth. This paper seeks to extend findings regarding the relationship between working capital management and profitability. A sample of 69 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange （JSE） for the period from 1998 to 2008 was selected. The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship among profitability （as measured through gross operating profit）, the cash conversion cycle （CCC）, and number of days accounts receivable （AR）. The results also revealed a positive and significant relationship among profitability, the number of days accounts payable （AP）, and the number of days inventory （INV）. The results suggested that managers could increase their company＇s profitability by effectively managing the CCC and its components.

The Impact of the Implementation of the New Regulations on Capital Management＇s Bank of China

Since China＇ s accession to WTO, opening up has intensified China＇ s ties with the international financial markets, financial markets have become increasingly frequent. However, with respect to foreign banks, capital management of commercial banks is only just beginning. Especially after the proposed Basel, how to adjust the capital assets of commercial banks is to enable them to comply with Basel II requirements, ensuring stability and development of the banking sector is the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the commercial banks. So, how intensive management can reduce capital occupation to increase the capital adequacy ratio is an important part of the commercial banks that must be studied.

Problems and Countermeasures of Working Capital Management in Company V

Working capital is the premise for the production and operation of an enterprise and the basis for all financial management.The management of working capital has gained more attention by enterprises.The purpose of emphasizing the importance of working capital management is to enable enterprises to make full and efficient use of capital.There is a serious shortage of working capital in China's home appliance manufacturing industry,and with the rapid development of home appliance manufacturing industry,the problem is becoming increasingly prominent.Therefore,improving the management level of working capital,optimizing the structure of capital,and improving the efficiency of working capital should become the most important part in the process of daily production and operation.This article selects company V as the research subject as it has representative problems in working capital management.Drawing on the theoretical method of taking elements as the core,this article focuses on the analysis of each working capital project and the development status of the company as a whole,determmes the problems in the aspects of current assets and infbnnation communication in regard to the working capital management of company V as well as puts forward several suggestions in terms of current assets management.In order to improve the working capital management level of company V9 we hope that the improvement suggestions derived from the combination of theory and practical analysis can provide some reference for other enterprises in the household appliance manufacturing industry.

New Basle Capital Agreement and Risk Management of China＇s Banking Industry

Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect on the competition strength of every country＇s banks in the global market. Starting with illustration of the present cond（tion of risk management in China＇s banks, the paper analyzes the major problems existing in the risk management system of China＇s banking industry, then puts forward some clues and suggestions to improve and better the risk management system of China＇s banking industry.

Scientific Management of Capital Construction in Health Service

On the basis of discussing the existing problems of the capital constrution in health service inHeilongjiang province and summing up the experience,the article points out that in order to makea good job of the scientific management of capital construction in health service,great importanceshould be attached to the following points:1.Make a good job of the reform of the managementsystem of capital construction,and strengthen and perfect the rational setups;2.Do not take onextra-programming project.Act strictly according to the procedure of examination and

Embedding Knowledge Management in Public Sector Procurement： Redesigning for the Knowledge Economy

There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing issues that influence procurement performance. The framework takes into account the organization＇s business goals, its procurement principles, the design of its procurement capability, the intellectual capital or knowledge that is used to support procurement operations, and the use of knowledge management methods. To represent these factors, the framework adapts the conceptual framework proposed by McElroy （2002）, leverages Andriessen＇s （2005） characterization of intellectual capital, and adopts Bedford＇s （2012） description of the practice of knowledge management. The results, though preliminary and exploratory, suggest that factors which are more often practiced in the private sector than the public sector contribute to higher performance.