Adrenaline in pulp capping treatment of reversible pulpitis

BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis.METHODS A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study.They were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Patients were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical efficacy.Logistic multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping treatment.RESULTS A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P<0.05),with a higher proportion of grade I pain noted in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01).The regression time of gingival congestion and swelling was lower in the observation group(2.61±1.44 d and 2.73±1.36 d,respectively)than in the control group(3.85±1.47 d and 4.28±1.61 d,respectively)(P<0.05).The 2-wk postoperative total effective rate was lower in the control group(80.00%)than in the observation group(94.00%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the control(14.00%)and observation(12.00%)groups(P>0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and F.nucleatum as risk factors for pulp capping in reversible pulpitis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adrenaline demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in pulp capping treatment for reversible pulpitis,reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms safely.It is a protective factor for pulp capping,whereas Streptococcus and F.nucleatum are risk factors.Targeted measures can be implemented to improve clinical efficacy.

Inhibition of cellular RNA methyltransferase abrogates influenza virus capping and replication

Orthomyxo- and bunyaviruses steal the 5' cap portion of host RNAs to prime their own transcription in a process called "capsnatching." We report that RNA modification of the cap portion by host 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase 1 (MTr1) is essential for theinitiation of influenza A and B virus replication, but not for other cap-snatching viruses. We identified with in silico compoundscreening and functional analysis a derivative of a natural product from Streptomyces, called trifluoromethyl-tubercidin (TFMT),that inhibits MTr1 through interaction at its S-adenosyl-l-methionine binding pocket to restrict influenza virus replication.Mechanistically, TFMT impairs the association of host cap RNAs with the viral polymerase basic protein 2 subunit in human lungexplants and in vivo in mice. TFMT acts synergistically with approved anti-influenza drugs.

Capping effect of reducing agents and surfactants in synthesizing silver nanoplates

The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In this redox system, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and arabic gum were served as surfactants. The results showed that reducing agents and surfactants both act as the capping agent adhering to the certain facets of silver seeds to block this surface to grow. The relative intensity of reducing agents also takes an active part in influencing the growth rate and direction of silver seeds. It was also found that halides can accelerate the speed of Ostwald ripening by adding Cl?, Br? and I?into the aqueous and have some effects on the morphology of the nanoplates.

Capping stack:An industry in the making

This paper gives an overview of recent development of the marine well containment system (MWCS) after BP Macondo subsea well blowout occurred on April 20,2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Capping stack,a hard-ware utilized to contain blowout well at or near the wellhead is the center piece of MWCS. Accessibility to the dedicated capping stacks is gradually becoming a pre-requirement to obtain the permit for offshore drilling/workover, and the industry for manufacturing,maintenance,transportation and operation of the capping stack is in the making.

Synergistic stabilization of CsPbI_(3) inorganic perovskite via 1D capping and secondary growth

Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_(3)) perovskite has gained great attention in the photovoltaic(PV) community because of its unique optoelectronic properties, good chemical stability and appropriate bandgap for sunlight harvesting applications. However, compared to solar cells fabricated from organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, the commercialization of devices based on all-inorganic CsPbI_(3) perovskites still faces many challenges regarding PV performance and long-term stability. In this work, we discovered that tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBABr) post-treatment to CsPbI_(3) perovskite films could achieve synergistic stabilization with both TBA+cation intercalation and Br-doping. Such TBA^(+) cation intercalation leads to onedimensional capping with TBAPb I3 perovskite formed in situ, while the Br-induced crystal secondary growth helps effectively passivate the defects of CsPbI_(3) perovskite, thus enhancing the stability. In addition, the incorporation of TBABr can improve energy-level alignment and reduce interfacial charge recombination loss for better device performance. Finally, the highly stable TBABr-treated CsPbI_(3)-based perovskite solar cells show reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion efficiency up to 19.04%, while retaining 90% of the initial efficiency after 500 h storage without encapsulation.

The inflammatory response of the pulp after direct capping with platelet-rich plasma and enamel matrix derivative:A controlled animal study

Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: The study was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats with a total of 144 incisor teeth. The pulps of 96 teeth of the rats were perforated and capped with different agents. Serving as the positive control group, the pulps of 24 teeth were only perforated and capped without capping agents, whereas the pulps of 24 teeth were used as the negative control group without being perforated (without any process). The research was ended with the extracting of the teeth on the 7th day-28th day. The teeth were taken to the routine and histological follows;cross sections were prepared and painted with hematoxylen & eosin. All of the sections were evaluated in terms of inflammatory reaction by histologic analysis taken by light microscope. Statistical analysis was used. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann Whitney U and the differences between the groups were analyze dusing Kruskal Wallis test at 0.05 level. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of inflammation type and necrosis among the treatment groups on 7 days’ post capping. However, improved inflammatory cell accumulation, hyperemia and lowest necrosis were observed from the samples treated with PRP (p < 0.05). Conversely, the EMD group indicated that the criteria of inflammation scores and hyper- emia were higher in the 28th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most of cells accumulating in the PRP group and most necrosis were seen in the EMD group. These new PRP materials might serve as pulp capping biomaterials to induce initial healing response in the future.

Study on influences of TiN capping layer on time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET with kMC TDDB simulations

The thickness effect of the TiN capping layer on the time dependent dielectric breakdown（TDDB） characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET is investigated in this paper.Based on experimental results,it is found that the device with a thicker TiN layer has a more promising reliability characteristic than that with a thinner TiN layer.From the charge pumping measurement and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS） analysis,it is indicated that the sample with the thicker TiN layer introduces more Cl passivation at the IL/Si interface and exhibits a lower interface trap density.In addition,the influences of interface and bulk trap density ratio Nit/Not are studied by TDDB simulations through combining percolation theory and the kinetic Monte Carlo（kMC） method.The lifetime reduction and Weibull slope lowering are explained by interface trap effects for TiN capping layers with different thicknesses.

420nm thick CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Br_x capping layers for efficient TiO_2 nanorod array perovskite solar cells

The rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays with 240 nm in length, 30 nm in diameter, and 420 btm 2 in areal density were prepared by the hydrothermal method to replace the typical 200-300 nm thick mesoporous TiO2 thin films in perovskite solar cells. The CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers with different thicknesses were obtained on the TiO2 nanorod arrays using different concentration PbI2.DMSO complex precursor solutions in DMF and the photovoltaic performances of the corresponding solar cells were compared. The perovskite solar cells based on 240 nm long TiO2 nanorod arrays and 420 nm thick CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers showed the best photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE） of 15.56% and the average PCE of 14.93 ± 0.63% at the relative humidity of 50%-54% under the illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight （100 mW.cm-2）.

Estimation of successful capping with complete aspiration of bladder via nephroureterostomy tube

BACKGROUND Ureteral stent and nephroureterostomy tube(NUT)are treatments of ureteral obstruction.Ureteral stent provides better quality of life.Internalization of NUT is desired whenever possible.AIM To assess outcomes of capping trial among cancer patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast from bladder via NUT.METHODS Our Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of all NUT placement,NUT exchange and conversion of nephrostomy catheter into NUT performed during June 2013 to June 2015(n=578).Cases were excluded due to lack of imaging of bladder(n=37),incomplete aspiration of bladder(n=324),no attempt at capping NUT(n=166),and patients with confounding factors interfering with results of capping trial including non-compliant bladder,bladder outlet obstruction and catheter malposition(n=14).Study group consisted of 37 procedures in 34 patients(male 19,female 15,age 2-83 years,average 58,median 61)most with cancer(prostate 8,endometrial 5,bladder 4,colorectal 4,breast 2,gastric 2,neuroblastoma 2,cervical 1,ovarian 1,renal 1,sarcoma 1,urothelial 1 and testicular 1)and one with Crohn’s disease.Medical records were reviewed to assess outcomes of capping trial.Exact 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)were calculated.RESULTS Among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast,30(81%,95%CI:0.65-0.92)catheters were successfully capped(range 12-94 d,average 40,median 24.5)until planned conversion to internal stent(23),routine exchange(5),removal(1)or death unrelated to catheter(1).Seven capping trials(19%,95%CI:0.08-0.35)were unsuccessful(range 2-22 d,average 12,median 10)due to leakage(3),elevated creatinine(2),fever/hematuria(1)and nausea/vomiting(1).CONCLUSION Capping trial success among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast/urine from bladder via NUT appears high.

The Mapping and Characterization of Cruella (Cru), a Novel Allele of Capping Protein α (Cpa), Identified from a Conditional Screen for Negative Regulators of Cell Growth and Cell Division

A Flp/FRT EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in the eye of Drosophila melanogaster on chromosome 2R to identify negative regulators of cell growth and cell division. In addition to the EMS mutation in the mosaic eye, an ark loss of function allele (ark82) was utilized to block apoptosis in the homozygous mutant cells, setting up a screen for conditional regulators of cell growth and cell division. In the present study, we focus on the characterization and mapping of one mutant that resulted from this screen, Cruella (cru). A cross between flies with the flippase enzyme directed to the developing eye and flies with the mutations cru, ark82, revealed an unusual phenotype that resulted in the homozygous mutant tissue appearing black, in contrast to the expected red. To map the location of this mutation, complementation tests against the Bloomington deficiency kit were conducted. Cru failed to complement previously characterized alleles of capping protein α (cpa). Thus, cpacru is a novel allele of cpa and displays phenotypes similar to previously characterized alleles such as cpa 107E, cpa 69E, and cpascrd . The human homolog, Cap Z, is conserved in humans and serves a similar role in act in filament regulation.

An Investigation into the Role of Capping on Second Harmonic Generation from Nonlinear Organic Polymer and Guest-Host Thin Films by In-Situ Poling

In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and guest-host thin films. We have also investigated the role of capping on the SHG, temporal stability and relaxation of dipole alignment. Corona poling techniques were employed to orient the dopants into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the SHG. The effect of capping with a polymeric encapsulant below the glass transition temperature of the polymers on the unpoled and corona poled thin films was studied. Capping of the nonlinear polymer and guest host thin films have resulted in high SHG with good temporal stability. SHG signal falls drastically during the first 8 days after poling while no further significant decay in SHG signal was observed after about 33 days. Our investigations have identified the characteristics required for a good encapsulant on a non-con-ductive surface.

CSPP1 stabilizes microtubules by capping both plus and minus ends

Although the dynamic instability of microtubules(MTs)is fundamental to many cellular functions,quiescent MTs with unattached free distal ends are commonly present and play important roles in various events to power cellular dynamics.However,how these free MT tips are stabilized remains poorly understood.Here,we report that centrosome and spindle pole protein 1(CSPP1)caps and stabilizes both plus and minus ends of static MTs.Real-time imaging of laser-ablated MTs in live cells showed deposition of CSPP1 at the newly generated MT ends,whose dynamic instability was concomitantly suppressed.Consistently,MT ends in CSPP1-overexpressing cells were hyper-stabilized,while those in CSPP1-depleted cells were much more dynamic.This CSPP1-elicited stabilization of MTs was demonstrated to be achieved by suppressing intrinsic MT catastrophe and restricting polymerization.Importantly,CSPP1-bound MTs were resistant to mitotic centromere-associated kinesin-mediated depolymerization.These findings delineate a previously uncharacterized CSPP1 activity that integrates MT end capping to orchestrate quiescent MTs.

The influence of the capping ligands on the optoelectronic performance,morphology,and ion liberation of CsPbBr_(3)perovskite quantum dots

Perovskite quantum dots(PeQDs)endowed with capping ligands exhibit impressive optoelectronic properties and enable for costefficient solution processing and exciting application opportunities.We synthesize and characterize three different PeQDs with the same cubic CsPbBr_(3)core,but which are distinguished by the ligand composition and density.PeQD-1 features a binary didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB)and octanoic acid capping ligand system,with a high surface density of 1.53 nm^(-2),whereas PeQD-2 and PeQD-3 are coated by solely DDAB at a gradually lower surface density.We show that PeQD-1 endowed with highest ligand density features the highest dispersibility in toluene of 150 g/L,the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 95%in dilute solution and 59%in a neat film,and the largest core-to-core spacing in neat thin films.We further establish that ions are released from the core of PeQD-1 when it is exposed to an electric field,although it comprises a dense coating of one capping ligand per four surface core atoms.We finally exploit these combined findings to the development of a light-emitting electrochemical cell(LEC),where the active layer is composed solely of solution-processed pure PeQDs,without additional electrolytes.In this device,the ion release is utilized as an advantage for the electrochemical doping process and efficient emissive operation of the LEC.

国家地震烈度速报江苏子系统震源机制解产出分析

国家地震烈度速报与预警系统江苏子系统震源机制解参数速报集成了TDMT_INV方法,可直接读取震相进行震源机制解反演计算并产出。为验证该方法获得震源机制解的准确性,选取2024年1月17日江苏东台3.0级地震和2023年12月7日江苏赣榆海域3.8级地震这2次3级以上地震,采用TDMT_INV、CAP和FOCMEC方法计算其震源机制解,分析三种方法所得结果差异。东台3.0级地震位于江苏预警站网网内,三种方法都可获得较为稳定的震源机制解结果;赣榆海域3.8级地震位于江苏预警站网网外,TDMT_INV方法仍可获得较为稳定的震源机制解结果。

鉴别猪圆环病毒2型和3型双重TaqMan MGB探针FQ-PCR检测方法研究

建立一种快速、特异鉴别检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)的双重TaqMan MGB探针FQ-PCR方法,本研究以PCV2的Rep蛋白和PCV3的Cap蛋白基因作为靶基因,各设计1对特异性引物和1条TaqMan MGB探针,经优化各反应条件和进行敏感性、特异性、重复性和干扰性试验,建立鉴别检测PCV2/PCV3的双重FQ-PCR方法。结果显示:该方法可特异性扩增PCV2、PCV3核酸,与猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)等8种病原及阴性对照无交叉反应,特异性较强;对PCV2和PCV3阳性质粒标准品的最低检出限均可达10 copies/μL,敏感性较高;PCV2/PCV3批内/批间重复试验变异系数(CV)值均在3%以下,表明方法稳定性、重复性较好;干扰性试验表明在两种病毒阳性质粒起始模板相差较大时该方法不会影响对其中任一病毒核酸的检出和准确定量。对42份临床疑似PCV感染样品检测结果与PCV2、PCV3基因测序结果符合率100%。本研究建立的双重FQ-PCR方法具有敏感性高达10 copies/μL、特异性强、在同一反应体系中能同时快速鉴别检测PCV2、PCV3等优点,可用于临床PCV2/PCV3感染的快速鉴别检测。

2022年平山4.3级地震震源机制及发震机理

基于震中附近地震台站波形资料,采用CAP方法得到平山4.3级地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,同时利用sPL震相对震源深度进行了精确测定。结果显示:平山4.3级地震震源机制双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向311°、倾角43°、滑动角33°;节面Ⅱ走向196°、倾角68°、滑动角128°;P轴方位角259°、倾角15°,表现为NEE-SWW向的挤压应力状态,与华北地区构造应力场方向基本相同。结合区域应力状态和地质构造活动,推测其发震断层为一条兼有走滑性质的逆断型隐伏断裂。

生物质挤压成型数值模拟及模孔参数优化

为研究生物质挤压成型过程中物料的变化规律,针对生物质材料在压实过程中逐渐变化的特性,以弹塑性理论为基础,通过一种修正的Drucker-Prager Cap材料本构模型,借助有限元分析软件ABAQUS及其二次开发子程序VUSDFLD模拟物料单向压制过程,并验证该模型的准确性。对环模单模孔的制粒过程进行模拟研究,设计正交试验获得模孔参数对成型密度以及比能耗的影响规律,进而对模孔参数进行优化分析。结果表明:修正的Drucker-Prager Cap本构模型能够准确的模拟生物质材料的挤压成型过程;增大锥孔深度以及锥孔锥度均可提高物料的成型密度和比能耗,以成型密度和比能耗为评价指标,最优参数组合为锥孔深度7mm,锥度60°。

荧光酶联免疫法和免疫印迹法检测过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E一致性分析

目的 以荧光酶联免疫法的Immuno CAP系统为标准方法,探讨免疫印迹法的Allergy Screen系统的检验效能及在不同系统疾病诊疗中的临床应用价值。方法 收集2017年至2022年就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院过敏反应科的过敏原致敏患者血清样本4 525份,根据疾病类型分为呼吸系统疾病组、消化系统疾病组、多系统疾病组和其他系统疾病组。采用Allergy Screen系统检测血清中的户尘螨、粉尘螨、烟曲霉、猫毛、狗毛、豚草、艾蒿、葎草、鸡蛋、牛奶、蟹、虾过敏原sIgE。对Allergy Screen系统的检验效能、可靠性、级别一致性和不同疾病系统组的应用进行评价。结果 在检验效能上,Allergy Screen系统猫毛过敏原灵敏度最高为0.75,特异性为0.95。其次为蟹过敏原,灵敏度为0.57,特异性为0.89。Allergy Screen法检测各过敏原的Kappa值在0.122~0.866之间。豚草一致性好,Kappa值为0.866。Allergy Screen系统的Spearman相关分析结果显示,对粉尘螨、艾蒿、猫毛等级相关性均>0.7,关系非常紧密。其中粉尘螨相关性最佳,为0.757。Allergy Screen系统检测不同过敏原中,总体一致率为65.6%~90.3%,阴性符合率一致率为81.5%~97.9%,阳性一致率为9.1%~70.5%。在不同系统疾病组间检验效能比较,特异性在各系统组间差异无统计学意义。结论 Allergy Screen系统具有较高的诊断效能,适用于临床过敏原筛查检测。

猪圆环病毒3型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及阻断ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在建立检测猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)抗体的阻断ELISA方法,本研究利用原核表达的PCV3Cap重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备获得了一株分泌阻断效果良好抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2E6。以重组Cap蛋白作为包被抗原,以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的2E6单克隆抗体作为检测抗体,经条件优化后建立了一种检测PCV3抗体的阻断ELISA方法。用建立的阻断ELISA方法检测50份临床阴性血清,计算阻断率(PI)的临界值,以此来确定该方法的判定标准:当PI≤28.30%时,判定结果为阴性;当PI≥35.05%时,判定结果为阳性;当28.30%<PI<35.05%时,判定为可疑,重复一次试验后如果结果仍为可疑,则判定为阳性。特异性试验表明该方法与猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)以及猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的阳性血清均无交叉反应;敏感性试验表明其检测效价可达到1:128;重复性试验表明批内与批间的变异系数均小于10%;符合性检验表明该方法与PCV检测金标准免疫过氧化物酶单层试验(IPMA)比对的Kappa值达0.9,具有高度的一致性。综上所述,本研究建立的阻断ELISA方法具有良好的特异性与较高的符合率,可用于后期进行PCV3抗体的检测,为PCV3的流行病学调查与临床诊断提供技术支持。

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的原核表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的初步建立

Cap蛋白作为猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的主要结构蛋白,构成病毒的核衣壳,是PCV2的主要免疫保护性抗原,在PCV2血清学诊断中具有重要意义。本研究根据PCV2的ORF2基因序列设计特异性引物,通过PCR方法扩增得到去核定位信号肽的ORF2基因,并通过同源重组将其克隆至原核表达载体pCold-Ⅰ中,经测序鉴定成功获得重组质粒pCold-Ⅰ-Cap。将重组质粒转化至感受态细胞BL21中进行表达,通过考马斯亮蓝染色以及免疫印迹试验检测Cap蛋白的表达,同时将纯化后的重组蛋白通过优化反应条件建立检测PCV2血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明:重组去核定位信号肽Cap蛋白可溶性表达且可以与PCV2阳性血清特异性结合,通过探索不同蛋白包被浓度以及不同一抗孵育浓度初步建立了间接ELISA检测方法,进而为PCV2抗体的有效监测奠定基础。