A New Non-enzymatic Method to Isolate Immature Embryos of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.

[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting microscope, its floral characteristics, ovule and embryo were manually isolated and observed by the non-enzymatic method. [Result] C. bursa-pastoris had four calyces, four petals, tetradynamous stamen and silicle, while its embryogenesis contained globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo. [Conclusion] The microstructures such as ovule and embryo of plants become easier to be isolated manually with the viscosity of gum block, which has small damage on embryo or disadvantages of keeping original shapes, and also can used in multi fields studies. This test can also be accomplished in labs with poor experiment facilities.

Tribenuron-Methyl Resistant Shepherd's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) in Hebei Province of China

Shepherd＇s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Results revealed that HB-1,HB-2,HB-3,HB-4,HB-6,HB-7,HB-17,HB-18,HB-19,HB-20,HB-21,and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuron-methyl characterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i.ha-1.On the other hand,populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices （RI） ranging from 10-100 folds,whilst populations HB-5,HB-8,HB-9,HB-10,HB-11,HB-12,HB-13,and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100.The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%,and that of high resistance was about 36.36%.

三种保鲜剂对荠菜保鲜效果的影响

以小根蒜醇提物为原料,制备了三种保鲜剂,通过测定失重、VC、叶绿素含量变化并结合外观变化,研究了这三种保鲜剂对荠菜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:三种保鲜剂均可以延长荠菜的货架期。小根蒜醇提液+6-BA效果最好,用该种保鲜剂处理荠菜,贮藏12d,荠菜的商品率在90%以上,VC含量保留87.7%,叶绿素保留率为80.37%。以野生植物小根蒜为原料开发天然保鲜剂,符合保鲜剂的发展趋势,用于野菜、蔬菜的保鲜必将会有良好的市场前景。

荠菜中酚类物质与过氧化物酶作用底物研究

针对荠菜在贮运保鲜过程中的变质问题,以与衰老密切相关的过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)为研究对象,运用紫外光谱扫描和高效液相色谱法分析荠菜中的酚类物质,并研究不同浓度的酚类物质对其中过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明:荠菜中酚类提取物的最大吸收波长为213nm,初步确定荠菜中的主要酚类物质是焦性没食子酸,POD的最适底物是绿原酸,酶促反应的最佳底物浓度为8mmol/L。

臭椿乙醇提取物对荠菜种子萌发的抑制作用

采用索氏提取法,以无水乙醇为溶剂获得臭椿[Ailanthus altissima （Mill.） swingle]提取物,采用提取物药膜法处理杂草荠菜[Capsella bursa-pastoris（L.）Medic]种子.结果表明,臭椿乙醇提取物对荠菜种子萌发有强烈的抑制作用,可延缓种子萌发;在1.25-5.00 g/L浓度范围内,荠菜种子部分萌发,随着臭椿乙醇提取物浓度升高,荠菜种子发芽率减少,发芽指数降低、活力指数下降,种子发芽、根长、株高、鲜重的抑制率均提高,在5.00-10.00 g/L浓度范围内,荠菜种子只有极少数萌发或不萌发,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均接近或等于0,种子发芽、根长、株高、鲜重的抑制率也接近或达到100％,在10.00-20.00 g/L浓度范围内,荠菜种子不能萌发,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均为0,种子发芽、根长、株高、鲜重的抑制率达到100％.

盐胁迫对荠菜幼苗生长及品质的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度NaCl对荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris L.Medic)幼苗生长及品质的影响,探讨其影响机制。[方法]NaCl浓度分别为0(CK)、10、20、40、80、160和320 mg/L,采用沙培法培养,NaCl浇灌后第7天测定根冠比、组织含水量、叶绿素含量与可溶性糖含量。[结果]随着NaCl浓度的升高根冠比和组织含水量呈下降趋势,且NaCl浓度为320 mg/L时最明显,分别是CK的24%、23%;叶绿素含量受NaCl胁迫后变化明显,当NaCl浓度为10、320 mg/L时分别为CK的98%、42%;可溶性糖含量随NaCl浓度增大而增加。[结论]该研究可为荠菜优质栽培提供理论依据。

干旱胁迫对三种草本植物生理生化特性的影响

以播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic.)和小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为供试植物,通过水培试验研究在干旱胁迫下3种植物的相对电导率、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛含量以及过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化规律。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,播娘蒿、荠菜和小麦的相对电导率、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量均呈持续递增趋势,3种植物相对电导率大小排序为小麦、荠菜、播娘蒿。干旱胁迫下,3种植物体内可溶性蛋白质指标与过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶及丙二醛均呈先升后降的趋势。播娘蒿、荠菜体内游离脯氨酸累积量与相对电导率间呈极显著、显著正相关,均具有良好的线性回归关系。3种植物对干旱胁迫均具有一定的耐性和抗性,且播娘蒿和荠菜的抗旱性强于小麦。

包装方式与温度对马兰头保鲜效果的影响

目的:研究包装方式与温度对马兰头贮藏效果的影响。方法:新鲜采收的马兰头经挑选、整理后按挽口和敞口两种方式包装,分别于常温、10℃、0℃贮藏,研究包装方式与温度对马兰头贮藏期间失重率、黄化腐烂率、呼吸强度、电导率、还原糖含量、VC含量、叶绿素含量、纤维素含量的影响。重复3次。结果:挽口包装结合0℃贮藏方式能明显减少马兰头水分损失及黄花腐烂,降低呼吸强度,延缓叶绿素、还原糖及VC含量下降,抑制纤维素形成,有效保持了细胞膜的完整性。结论:挽口包装结合0℃贮藏方法,可有效延长马兰头的保鲜时间。