Influence of dynamic unbalance of wheelsets on the dynamic performance of high-speed cars

With further increasing in running speed of newer high-speed EMUs（electric multiple units）,higher demand for wheelset dynamic balance is required.In order to study the influence of the dynamic unbalance of wheelset on the stability,ride quality,and curving performance for a high-speed car,a detailed dynamic model of a high-speed EMU car is established using the software SIMPACK.The analysis results indicate that the dynamic unbalance of the wheelset significantly influences the dynamic performance of the high-speed car.The increase in dynamic unbalance of the wheelset will decrease the hunting critical speed,worsen the vertical ride quality,and increase the wheelset lateral force,derailment coefficient,and wheel unloading ratio.Therefore,in order to improve the stability,ride quality,and running safety of high-speed car,the values of dynamic unbalance of wheelset should be strictly controlled in manufacturing,and periodically monitored in operation.

A new coupled map car-following model considering drivers' steady desired speed

Based on the pioneering work of Konishi et al., in consideration of the influence of drivers＇ steady desired speed ef/ect on the traffic flow, we develop a new coupled map car-following model in the real world. By use of the control theory, the stability condition of our model is derived. The validity of the present theoretical scheme is verified via numerical simulation, confirming the correctness of our theoretical analysis.

Floating Car Data Based Nonparametric Regression Model for Short-Term Travel Speed Prediction

A K-nearest neighbor （K-NN） based nonparametric regression model was proposed to predict travel speed for Beijing expressway. By using the historical traffic data collected from the detectors in Beijing expressways, a specically designed database was developed via the processes including data filtering, wavelet analysis and clustering. The relativity based weighted Euclidean distance was used as the distance metric to identify the K groups of nearest data series. Then, a K-NN nonparametric regression model was built to predict the average travel speeds up to 6 min into the future. Several randomly selected travel speed data series, collected from the floating car data （FCD） system, were used to validate the model. The results indicate that using the FCD, the model can predict average travel speeds with an accuracy of above 90%, and hence is feasible and effective.

基于ADAMS/Car低端SUV高速行驶的平顺性仿真分析

针对目前国内市场上的低端SUV存在最高车速较低、高速行驶舒适性不够的问题,本文从理论上分析了行驶速度对汽车平顺性的影响,用ADAMS/Car建立了某低端SUV的多刚体动力学模型,并按照平顺性试验标准进行了仿真。经试验证明仿真结果与实验结果吻合,验证了模型的正确。然后,完成了低端SUV不同高速下的平顺性仿真,得出仿真结果与理论分析相一致。最后根据分析结果对模型的优比提出合理建议,为低端SUV高速稳定舒适性研究提供相关参考。

Phase transition on speed limit traffic with slope

Through introducing a generalized optimal speed function to consider spatial position, slope grade and variable safe headway, the effect of slope in a single-lane highway on the traffic flow is investigated with the extended optimal speed model. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the flux of the whole road with the upgrade （or downgrade） increases linearly with density, saturates at a critical density, then maintains this saturated value in a certain density range and finally decreases with density. The value of saturated flux is equal to the maximum flux of the upgrade （or downgrade） without considering the slight influence of the driver＇s sensitivity. And the fundamental diagrams also depend on sensitivity, slope grade and slope length. The spatiotemporal pattern gives the segregation of different traffic phases caused by the rarefaction wave and the shock wave under a certain initial vehicle number. A comparison between the upgrade and the downgrade indicates that the value of saturated flux of the downgrade is larger than that of the upgrade under the same condition. This result is in accordance with the real traffic.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR STABILITY FOR RAILWAY PASSENGER CARS

The Newton Raphson iteration and QR algorithm are combined to search the Hpf bifurcation point of the vehicle running on straight track and on large radius curved tracks. Limit cycles that are bifurcated from the equilibrium points and the saddle node bifurcation point are computed through employing a variable step Runge Kutta method and the Poincaré map. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out for the stability of a high speed passenger car operating on straight and large radius curved tracks. The influences of the radius of curvature and the superelevation of the track on the stability of the vehicle system are investigated.

基于ADAMS/Car的某轿车通过减速带的模拟仿真

用多体动力学软件ADAMS/Car模块建立某轿车的整车模型,其整车包括前后悬挂、轮胎、转向系、车身和动力传动子系统。在四柱试验台上施加垂直向上的位移模拟汽车通过减速带,得到了汽车以不同车速经过减速带的整车振动响应。

Peak Car Use and the Rise of Global Rail: Why This Is Happening and What It Means for Large and Small Cities

The 21st century promises some dramatic changes—some expected, others surprising. One of the more surprising changes is the dramatic peaking in car use and an associated increase in the world’s urban rail systems. This paper sets out what is happening with the growth of rail, especially in the traditional car dependent cities of the US and Australia, and why this is happening, particularly its relationship to car use declines. It provides new data on the plateau in the speed of urban car transportation that supports rail’s increasing role compared to cars in cities everywhere, as well as other structural, economic and cultural changes that indicate a move away from car dependent urbanism. The paper suggests that the rise of urban rail is a contributing factor in peak car use through the relative reduction in speed of traffic compared to transit, especially rail, as well as the growing value of dense, knowledge-based centers that depend on rail access for their viability and cultural attraction. Finally, the paper suggests what can be done to make rail work better based on some best practice trends in large cities and small car dependent cities.

高速列车尾车垂向偏置对列车气动性能影响

在长期的高速列车运营过程中,极易形成前后车辆的不同形式偏置,造成列车气动性能改变,甚至可能引发行车平稳性问题,极大影响乘坐舒适性和安全性。以高速列车尾车作为研究对象,探究尾车上下偏置时,高速列车尾部流场变化以及气动特性。基于SST k-ω双方程湍流模型,采用数值仿真方法研究了350 km/h高速列车尾车无偏置、尾车下降20 mm、尾车下降40 mm、尾车下降60 mm、尾车上升20 mm、尾车上升40 mm以及尾车上升60 mm 7种工况下列车的气动性能,分析高速列车气动阻力的变化规律,揭示了不同垂向位移下高速列车尾部流场特性以及列车表面压力分布情况。研究结果表明:高速列车尾部垂向位移对列车整体气动阻力影响较小,但对高速列车气动阻力分布以及流场特性造成一定影响。当尾车偏置位移达到60 mm时,列车车体气动阻力相对于无偏置工况分别降低了-1.11%和2.64%,转向架气动阻力相对无偏置情况下分别降低了11.35%和-17.43%。此外,尾车偏置对列车近尾流区域流场结构有一定影响,尾车鼻锥下方排障器周围漩涡结构由双漩涡结构向单漩涡结构转变;鼻尖处漩涡结构随着尾车高度下降而增大,随着尾车高度上升而逐渐变小。本研究结果丰富了列车尾部偏置情况下的相关研究,对列车检修以及CR450高速列车设计等具有重要指导意义。

The Effect of Self-Driving Car on Urban Traffic

Based on the idea of infinitesimal analysis, we establish the basic model of relation between speed and flow. Since putting a certain amount of self-driving car will affect the average speed of mixed traffic flow, we choose the proportion of self-driving car to be a variable, denoted by k. Based on the least square method, we find two critical values of k that are 38.63% and 68.26%. When k 38.63%, the self-driving cars have a negative influence to the traffic. When 38.63% < k < 68.26%, they have a positive influence to the traffic. When k > 68.26%, they have significant improvement to the traffic capacity of the road.

Improved Car-Following Model Considering Modified Backward Optimal Velocity and Velocity Difference with Backward-Looking Effect

In this paper, a new traffic flow model called the forward-backward velocity difference (FBVD) model based on the full velocity difference model is proposed to investigate the backward-looking effect by applying a modified backward optimal velocity using generalized backward maximum speed. The FBVD model belongs to the family of microscopic models that consider spatiotemporally continuous formulations. Neutral stability conditions of the discrete car-following model are derived using the linear stability theory. The stability analysis results prove that the modified backward optimal velocity has a significant positive effect in stabilizing the traffic flow. Through nonlinear analysis, a kink-antikink solution is derived from the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation of the FBVD model to explain traffic congestion of the model. The validity of this theoretical model is checked using numerical results, according to which traffic jams were found to have been significantly diminished by the introduction of the modified backward optimal velocity.

动车组车体模态频率贡献度和改进方法研究

针对高速列车车体低阶模态频率提升过程中,传统灵敏度分析方法存在的设计变量繁多和难以识别出优先改进部件的难题,提出了一种新颖的车体模态频率贡献度评估与结构改进方法。重点分析了铝合金车体板件厚度与模态频率的灵敏度关系,并在此基础上提出了部件模态贡献度概念,推导和建立了描述部件模态频率灵敏度与贡献度的数学模型。通过对动车组车体中各铝型材的贡献度进行计算,详细分析了车顶、侧墙、底架等六大部件对前3阶模态频率的影响。研究揭示,部件模态贡献度表示了局部部件对整体结构模态影响的大小,呈现了灵敏度无法显示的全局量化指标。车顶部件对车体前3阶模态的贡献度最大,侧墙和底架居中,底架边梁、端墙和牵枕缓最小。车顶与侧墙、侧墙与底架连接处的型材对低阶模态产生了显著影响。通过增加内外板厚度并适度降低内部筋板厚度的策略,可提升1阶垂弯模态频率。应用所提出的方法,基于车体54个部件模态贡献度,成功甄别出车顶和连接处型材等优先优化部件并进行了改进,实现了1阶垂弯模态频率从9.5 Hz提升至10.2 Hz,同时将车体重量增加控制在43 kg以内,验证了方法的有效性和高效性,为车体模态频率的优化提供了清晰的路径。该方法具有广泛的适用性,可推广应用于其他领域的结构模态改进。

基于车载视频的前方车速检测实验设计与实现

针对车辆速度鉴定的真实问题,学生创新小组依托OpenCV和python软件,应用机器学习技术自主设计了一款基于车载视频的车辆速度检测系统,实现了车载视频前方车辆的速度鉴定。实验结果表明,该车速检测系统能够针对车载视频进行有效、准确地检测,形成一种更方便、更有利于实际操作的车速鉴定方案。该创新实验有效地衔接了工学和法学的学科领域,将人工智能充分、有效地与司法鉴定实践结合,创新了新工科、新文科教育改革融合下司法鉴定人才培养模式,使司法鉴定的现实应用更趋于科学化,实质推动司法公正和人权保障。

基于多层MPC框架的类车机器人调速路径跟踪

针对类车机器人路径跟踪控制的研究工作尚未考虑主动调速与路径跟踪之间的关联,现有控制系统为了保证较高的路径跟踪控制精度只能将纵向速度设置为较低值.同时,在其他移动装备的主动调速路径跟踪控制策略中,以模型预测控制(Model predictive control,MPC)为基础的多层模型预测控制(Multilayer MPC,MMPC)具有对于误差来源兼容性较强的优势,但是现有系统采用速度较高时精度不佳的线性模型预测控制(Linear MPC,LMPC)作为底层路径跟踪控制算法,因此纵向行驶速度仍然较低.针对这些问题,结合基于MMPC的主动调速路径跟踪控制框架、精确性和实时性均较好的前馈模型预测控制(Feedforward MPC,FMPC)底层路径跟踪控制算法与长时域预测精度较高的非线性模型预测控制(Nonlinear MPC,NMPC)顶层速度决策算法,构建了新的基于MMPC框架的主动调速路径跟踪控制系统.通过MATLAB和CarSim联合仿真对提出的MMPC系统进行了测试.提出的MMPC系统可以在平均行驶速度较高时实现较高精度的路径跟踪,在平均行驶速度为4.2859 m·s^(-1)时,位移误差的最大幅值为0.1838 m,航向误差的最大幅值为0.1350 rad.在纵向速度较高时,提出的MMPC相比恒速的FMPC、NMPC系统和已有的MMPC系统精度更高,在相同工况下,FMPC系统误差发散,提出的MMPC系统可以相对已有的NMPC和MMPC系统将位移误差最大幅值减小46.29%和62.22%.在能够保障较高精度时,提出的MMPC系统的平均行驶速度较高,相比已有的FMPC和MMPC系统,可以将平均行驶速度提高43.06%和317.48%,与NMPC系统指标接近.

车端侧滚减振装置对高速双层动车组动力学性能的影响分析

双层动车组设置较大的二系横向阻尼来抑制一次蛇行引起的共振,而较大的二系横向阻尼会使车辆的横向平稳性变差。针对某型高速双层动车组横向平稳性差的问题,基于车端侧滚减振装置的工作原理建立了车端侧滚减振装置在车体滚摆和摇头运动状态下的数学模型,并将AMEsim软件中建立的减振器仿真模型与台架试验进行验证。最后通过建立车端侧滚减振装置与被试车辆的联合仿真模型,在不改变车辆现有悬挂参数的基础上对车端侧滚减振装置的关键参数进行优化选取。仿真结果表明,车端侧滚减振装置可以在不影响车辆垂向平稳性、保证曲线运行安全性的前提下有效改善双层动车组的横向平稳性。

UOE焊管机组铣边机刀盘转速计算模型及铣削参数分析

为了合理设置铣削参数、提高铣边机生产效率,推导了UOE大直径直缝埋弧焊管铣边机刀盘转速计算模型,并将模型计算结果与实际生产数据进行了对比验证。验证结果显示,计算得出的参数与生产时的实际参数基本一致。根据模型计算公式,利用Matlab计算软件分析了铣削厚度、铣削线速度对夹钳小车速度的影响,表明铣削厚度、铣削线速度与夹钳小车速度均为线性正相关。

油电混动小车智能控制系统设计

油电混动汽车的智能控制系统在提升汽车性能与保护地球环境等方面发挥着重要作用。但目前调研发现,新能源汽车存在着电池馈电、电力显示不准、电池续航能力弱与油电模式切换速度不平稳等问题。文章针对以上问题提出了基于物联网和STM32的油电混动小车智能监测与控制方案,在EDA和MDK中,对电路和程序进行了设计,借助仪器仪表对系统进行了测试。系统实测结果表明,该系统可以实现对于电池容量的精准检测与显示,电池及时充电续航与油电模式切换速度平稳运行,能较好解决上述存在的问题,并且具有物联网远程监控等特点。

考虑驾驶员记忆的多前车速度差跟驰模型研究

为了探究驾驶员记忆和多前车速度差对交通流的影响,本文基于全速度差模型(full velocity difference model,FVDM),结合驾驶员记忆因素和多前车对跟驰车的作用,构建了一种考虑了驾驶员记忆和多前车速度差的跟驰模型。通过改进模型的线性稳定性特征,得出改进模型的稳定性条件。再对改进模型下的车流启动和制动过程进行仿真,并与FVDM的仿真结果作对比。然后采用微小扰动法对改进模型进行数值仿真,研究驾驶员记忆因素和多前车速度差对交通流稳定性的影响。最后,利用下一代仿真(next generation simulation,NGSIM)数据标定了改进模型的参数,并预测了其加速度。研究结果表明:驾驶员记忆在一定程度上不利于交通流的稳定,而多前车速度差对稳定交通流具有积极作用;与FVDM相比,改进模型的启动延迟和制动延迟分别降低了10.0%和19.0%,预测精度更高,均方根误差降低了24.3%。

高速电梯轿架启动工况的水平瞬态动力学分析

为探究高速电梯启动工况的水平瞬态动力学特性,以高速电梯轿架为研究对象,基于ANSYSWorkbench有限元软件仿真了轿架启动工况下的瞬态应力、瞬态变形和水平振动加速度,同时,对高速电梯轿架水平振动特性进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:高速电梯轿架上梁、下梁和直梁等三大关键部件满足强度、刚度要求,并且通过实验测得的水平振动加速度曲线变化区间与仿真分析所得水平振动特性的振动加速度曲线变化区间对比,两者基本一致,从而验证了仿真结果的正确性,为高速电梯运行过程中的舒适性研究提供了一定的借鉴。