Size selectivity of combined square and diamond mesh codends of shrimp beam trawl for banded scad Caranx(Atule)kalla in the northern South China Sea

The shrimp beam trawl fishery in the northern South China Sea is characterized by high by-catch and poor selectivity problems.Among by-catch species,banded scad(Caranx(Atule)kalla)is economically the most important one.The aim of this study is to improve the selective properties of codends for banded scad.Size selectivity of 2 traditional diamond mesh codends,with mesh size 25 and 30 mm(defined as D25 and D30,respectively),and 4 new combined square and diamond mesh codends,with25 mm square-mesh and 25 mm diamond-mesh(S25+D25),30 mm square-mesh and 25 mm diamondmesh(S30+D25),35 mm square-mesh and 25 mm diamond-mesh(S35+D25),and 35 mm square-mesh and18 mm diamond-mesh(S35+D18),were tested for banded scad in shrimp beam trawl fishery of the South China Sea.A total of 54 valid hauls were finished using the covered codend method,and 5750 banded scad were caught.Selective parameters were obtained using the logistic equation with the maximum likelihood method,by incorporating the between-haul variation.The results show that the present minimum mesh size for shrimp beam trawl in the South China Sea,25-mm diamond mesh size,is insufficient to release immature banded scad.The S35+D25 codend is proved to be the most eff ective codend to release immature banded scad,and its 50%retention length(L _(50))is larger than the minimum landing size(MLS=63.5 mm)of banded scad.However,the 95%confidence intervals of L _(50) overlap among the three combined mesh codends,the S25+D25,S30+D25 and S35+D25 codend.For a sustainable exploitation of banded scad,larger mesh sizes are suggested to be investigated for the combined mesh codends.

金带细鲹鱼露制作过程中酶解工艺的研究

采用酶水解法对金带细鲹鱼的酶解工艺进行研究。以蛋白质的水解度为指标,采用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶进行水解,筛选出适宜的酶种类。对影响胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解效果的主要因素进行研究,并确定胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对金带细鲹鱼中的最适酶解工艺。胰蛋白酶最适酶解条件为温度45℃,时间5h,pH 8.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比为1∶5(g/g),在此条件下,水解度达到30.51%;木瓜蛋白酶最适酶解条件为温度60℃,时间4h,pH 6.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比1∶4(g/g),在此条件下,水解度达到18.51%。利用酶法水解制取鱼露,能缩短生产周期,提高原料的利用率。

游鳍叶鲹和镰鳍裸胸鲹骨骼系统的比较研究

作者对游鳍叶鯵和镰鳍裸胸鯵两种鱼的骨骼作了比较,研究结果表明,两者脑颅中的上筛骨、围眶骨、蝶耳骨、翼耳骨等;咽颅中的前上颌骨、腭骨、前翼骨、中翼骨、尾舌骨、下咽骨等;肩带的主后颞骨、后匙骨和腰带骨等均有重要差异,某些特征可能是属间或种间的鉴别依据。

沟鲹骨骼系统的研究——兼与鲹科某些种类比较

对沟鲹骨骼系统的特征进行了观察,并比较其与蓝圆鲹、美长吻鲹、游鳍叶鲹及镰鳍裸胸鲹等4种鲹科鱼类的差别,结果表明,它们脑颅上的上筛骨、侧筛骨、犁骨、额骨、眶下骨、蝶耳骨、翼耳骨和上耳骨等,咽颅上的前上颌骨、腭骨、舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和上枕骨等;肩带上的主后颞骨、后颞骨、上匙骨、后匙骨等均有明显的差异,其中某些特征可能是属间或种间的鉴别依据.