Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coat...Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coating antigen revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase in the egg yolk at the 13th day post-immunization (P/N=2.18), reached the peak at the 56th day (P/N=13.82), and remained at high level until day 133 (P/N=7.03). The antibody was purified by saturated ammonium sulphate with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The specific IgY inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml during the 18 h incubation. Pre-treatment of polyploid gibel carps Carassius auratus Gibelio with specific IgY had a protection rate of 60% (6/10) against challenge with A. hydrophila, while none of the fishes in the control groups receiving sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or non-specific IgY survived the challenge. Treatment of fishes with the specific IgY 4 h after the challenge also had lower mortality (70%, 7/10), a 30% reduction against the control PBS or non-specific IgY groups (10/10). These results indicate that specific IgY antibodies could be obtained easily from hens immunized with an inactivated A. hydrophila and could provide a novel alternative approach to control of diseases in fishes caused by this organism.展开更多
The growth and development of larvae and juveniles was morphologically investigated in Carassius auratus gibelio. The results showed that it took 52 h from fertilization to hatching at 22 - 25℃. The newly hatched lar...The growth and development of larvae and juveniles was morphologically investigated in Carassius auratus gibelio. The results showed that it took 52 h from fertilization to hatching at 22 - 25℃. The newly hatched larvae had transparent body, with the head fight near the yolk sac; the yolk sac accounted for 2/3 of larval volume, which was exhausted in the four-day-old larvae that started the exogenous nutrient period. The larvae were found to develop into juveniles from a few scales on the 20^th day after hatching to whole scales, fingerling, on the 28^th day after hatching. The relationship between total length（TL） and age in days（D） was described as ： TL = 0.001 2D3 - 0. 038 8/32 ＋ 1.043 2D ＋ 3. 945 8 （ r^2 = 0.998 ）. The relationship between body length （L） and body weight （W） of larvae and juveniles was expressed as： m = 1E -05L^3.3769（ r^2 = 0.982 7）. The formula between body length and body height during the development of the fish was described as ： H = 0.0（30 1L3 -0. 028 4L2 ＋ 1. 281 6L -7. 250 5 （ r^2 = 0. 988 6）. The findings provided the theoretical instruction for practical production of C. auratus gibelio.展开更多
During an outbreak of diseases caused by co-infection with both parasites and bacteria in silver crucian carp （ Carassius auratus gibelio）, aerobic anoxy- genic phototrophic （AAP） bacteria in the aquatic environme...During an outbreak of diseases caused by co-infection with both parasites and bacteria in silver crucian carp （ Carassius auratus gibelio）, aerobic anoxy- genic phototrophic （AAP） bacteria in the aquatic environment were identified by PCR using the universal primers of bacterial 16S rDNA. The bacterial populations in the ponds infected and non-infected by the diseases were measured with acridine orange direct count （AODC） method, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that nine dominant cuhurable bacterial species： Shewanella putrefaciens, Acinetobacter sp. , Aeromonas sp. , Proteus vulgaris, Xan- thomonas sp. , Citrobacterfieundii, Morganella morganii, Vagococcus lutrae and Providencia sp. were identified, some of which were common pathogens. The bac- terial population in infected ponds was 7. 462 x 10^6 ind./ml in July, and 1. 007 4 x 10^7 ind./ml in August, and that in non-infected ponds was 1. 460 x 10x6ind./ml in July, and 1. 911 x10^6 ind./ml in August, with significant differences between the infected and non-infected ponds. The results suggested that the outbreak of diseases in silver crucian carp was to some extent related to the bacterial population in water environment.展开更多
A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid speci...A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.展开更多
A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1...A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P < 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P > 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi^2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi^2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.展开更多
基金the 11-five-year Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006BAD03B03)National Renderers Association,USA+1 种基金the Innovation Projects of the Institute of Hydrobiologyof the Chinese Academyof SciencesHubei Provincial Science and Technolo-gy Department and E-Institute of Shanghai Munipal Education Commission
基金Project (No. 2004C26026) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coating antigen revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase in the egg yolk at the 13th day post-immunization (P/N=2.18), reached the peak at the 56th day (P/N=13.82), and remained at high level until day 133 (P/N=7.03). The antibody was purified by saturated ammonium sulphate with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The specific IgY inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml during the 18 h incubation. Pre-treatment of polyploid gibel carps Carassius auratus Gibelio with specific IgY had a protection rate of 60% (6/10) against challenge with A. hydrophila, while none of the fishes in the control groups receiving sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or non-specific IgY survived the challenge. Treatment of fishes with the specific IgY 4 h after the challenge also had lower mortality (70%, 7/10), a 30% reduction against the control PBS or non-specific IgY groups (10/10). These results indicate that specific IgY antibodies could be obtained easily from hens immunized with an inactivated A. hydrophila and could provide a novel alternative approach to control of diseases in fishes caused by this organism.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Special Wildlife Resources in Fanjing Mountain(QJH KY[2011]005)Innovative Talent Team for Protection and Useof Special Wildlife Resources in Fanjing Mountain(QJHRCTD[2012]08)
文摘The growth and development of larvae and juveniles was morphologically investigated in Carassius auratus gibelio. The results showed that it took 52 h from fertilization to hatching at 22 - 25℃. The newly hatched larvae had transparent body, with the head fight near the yolk sac; the yolk sac accounted for 2/3 of larval volume, which was exhausted in the four-day-old larvae that started the exogenous nutrient period. The larvae were found to develop into juveniles from a few scales on the 20^th day after hatching to whole scales, fingerling, on the 28^th day after hatching. The relationship between total length（TL） and age in days（D） was described as ： TL = 0.001 2D3 - 0. 038 8/32 ＋ 1.043 2D ＋ 3. 945 8 （ r^2 = 0.998 ）. The relationship between body length （L） and body weight （W） of larvae and juveniles was expressed as： m = 1E -05L^3.3769（ r^2 = 0.982 7）. The formula between body length and body height during the development of the fish was described as ： H = 0.0（30 1L3 -0. 028 4L2 ＋ 1. 281 6L -7. 250 5 （ r^2 = 0. 988 6）. The findings provided the theoretical instruction for practical production of C. auratus gibelio.
文摘During an outbreak of diseases caused by co-infection with both parasites and bacteria in silver crucian carp （ Carassius auratus gibelio）, aerobic anoxy- genic phototrophic （AAP） bacteria in the aquatic environment were identified by PCR using the universal primers of bacterial 16S rDNA. The bacterial populations in the ponds infected and non-infected by the diseases were measured with acridine orange direct count （AODC） method, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that nine dominant cuhurable bacterial species： Shewanella putrefaciens, Acinetobacter sp. , Aeromonas sp. , Proteus vulgaris, Xan- thomonas sp. , Citrobacterfieundii, Morganella morganii, Vagococcus lutrae and Providencia sp. were identified, some of which were common pathogens. The bac- terial population in infected ponds was 7. 462 x 10^6 ind./ml in July, and 1. 007 4 x 10^7 ind./ml in August, and that in non-infected ponds was 1. 460 x 10x6ind./ml in July, and 1. 911 x10^6 ind./ml in August, with significant differences between the infected and non-infected ponds. The results suggested that the outbreak of diseases in silver crucian carp was to some extent related to the bacterial population in water environment.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2010CB126301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30630050)+1 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (Grant No. 2008FB007)the Innovation Project of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 075A01)
文摘A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.
基金Financial support was provided by the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest(201203015201003020)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project No.3110190731372539the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138600)
文摘A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P < 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P > 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi^2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi^2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.
