3D Grid of Carbon Tubes with Mn3O4-NPs/CNTs Filled in their Inner Cavity as Ultrahigh-Rate and Stable Lithium Anode

Transition metal oxides are regarded as promising candidates of anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low cost,but are restricted by their low conductivity and large volume expansion during Li^(+)intercalation.Herein,we designed and constructed a structurally integrated 3D carbon tube(3D-CT)grid film with Mn_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles(Mn_(3)O_(4)-NPs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)filled in the inner cavity of CTs(denoted as Mn_(3)O_(4)-NPs/CNTs@3D-CT)as high-performance free-standing anode for LIBs.The Mn_(3)O_(4)-NPs/CNTs@3D-CT grid with Mn_(3)O_(4)-NPs filled in the inner cavity of 3D-CT not only afford sufficient space to overcome the damage caused by the volume expansion of Mn_(3)O_(4)-NPs during charge and discharge processes,but also achieves highly efficient channels for the fast transport of both electrons and Li+during cycling,thus offering outstanding electrochemical performance(865 mAh g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)after 300 cycles)and excellent rate capability(418 mAh g^(-1)at 4 A g^(-1))based on the total mass of electrode.The unique 3D-CT framework structure would open up a new route to the highly stable,high-capacity,and excellent cycle and high-rate performance free-standing electrodes for highperformance Li-ion storage.

Rapid solidification of steel droplets with different carbon contents in drop tube

Rapid solidification is regarded as being an effective method to refine the microstructure and reduce or eliminate the segregation of alloying elements.In this study the microstructures of rapid solidified carbon steel droplets (cooled in silicone oil) with different C contents by drop tube processing were observed.The volumes of droplets were set to be 2 mm×2 mm×2 mm (TM) and 5 mm×5 mm×5 mm (FM).For most samples,the microstructures are nearly the same from the surface to the center region.The microstructures of the FM samples with higher C content are much finer than those of the TM samples,which is the opposite of the situation with the lower C content samples.The distribution of C along the diameter of each sample was detected.The segregation of C was observed in TM samples with higher C contents while not in FM samples.This is regarded as relating to recalescence and the diffusion of C atoms during the solidification process.

Synthesis and Application of Nanocomposite Reinforced with Decorated Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube with Luminescence Quantum Dots

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental problems such as energy crisis, global warming, and contamination from pathogenic micro-organisms are still prevailed and strongly demanded progress in high-performance energy storing and anti-microbial materials. The nanocomposites are materials that have earned large interest owing to their promising applications for countering global issues related to sustainable energy and a flourishing environment. Here, polypyrrole coated hybrid nanocomposites of multi-walled carbon nanotube and cadmium sulfide quantum dots named MCP were synthesized using facile and low-cost in-situ oxidative polymerization method. Characterization techniques confirmed the synthesis. Electrochemical studies showed that the nanocomposite 1-MCP showed an impressively higher super capacitance behavior in comparison to f-MWCNT, 7-MCP and 5-MCP. The improved performance of the nanocomposites was attributed mainly to the good conductivity of carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole, high surface area, and stability of the carbon nanotubes and the high electrocatalytic activity of the cadmium sulfide quantum dots. Owing to the synergistic effect of MWCNT, CdS, and PPy the synthesized ternary nanocomposite also inhibited the growth and multiplication of tested bacteria such as S. aureus, and E. coli completely within 24 h. On the whole, the assimilated nanocomposite MCP opens promising aspects for the development of upcoming energy storage devices and as an antibacterial agent.

Simple Measurement of Carbon Films on Copper Tubes and Their Effects on Corrosion

It has been reported that pitting corrosion in copper tubes occurs due to the effect of a carbon film produced by the influence of undergoing an oil and heat treatment. As a quantitative method for determining the residual carbon amount, it has been reported that the inner surface of a copper tube can be dissolved with a mixed acid to collect and analyze the adhering carbon;however, this method is dangerous and difficult. Therefore, two methods were examined as a simple quantitative method for obtaining the residual carbon amount using copper tubes with known residual carbon amounts. One method utilizes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the other method utilizes the potential difference between the carbon film-adhered surface and carbon film-removed surface. In regard to XPS measurement, a linear correlation was found between the spectral intensity of C and the residual carbon amount;therefore, XPS measurements were considered to be effective as a simple measurement method for the carbon film on the inner surface of a copper tube. In the evaluation method by measuring the corrosion potential, a correlation was observed between the potential difference ΔE and the residual carbon amount of the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the polished tube. It is considered possible to estimate the residual carbon amount from the prepared calibration curve. Through these studies, it is suggested that the carbon film was non-uniformly present on the surface of the copper tube. Therefore, the galvanic current was measured, and the effect of a non-uniform carbon film on corrosion behavior was investigated. As a result, in the measurement of galvanic current, the current flowed from the copper tube with a large amount of residual carbon (cathode) to the copper tube with a small amount of residual carbon (anode). In addition, the higher the area ratio of the carbon film was, the larger the galvanic current tended to be.

The Packaging Materials with Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites

A polymer-based carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) composite with high electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding effectiveness (SE) and with high mechanical property is developed for packaging of electronic modulus or devices.The liquid crystal polymers (LCP) and melamine formaldehydes (MF) polymer are used to study the orientation effect of CNTs in various polymeric matrix.The influences of orientation,aspect ratio,and mass fraction of CNTs upon the shielding effectiveness (SE) of CNTs-composites are investigated.The higher the orientation,aspect ratio,and weight percentages of nano-materials are, the higher the SE of the carbon composites.The highest SE for the CNTs/LCP nano composite obtained is more than 62 dB. This results may lead to the developing for CPU IC chip packaging.

变截面半圆通道内超临界二氧化碳热工水力性能研究

建立了不同半圆通道的数学和物理模型,并通过与实验数据的比较,验证了所建立模型的准确性。研究了超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))在等截面半圆通道、渐扩型和渐缩型通道内的热工水力换热性能,并分析了不同通道和压力对S-CO_(2)在变截面半圆通道内的热工水力性能的影响。结果表明:相较于均匀截面半圆通道,渐扩型通道恶化传热,渐缩型通道强化传热;入口和出口半径比为1.0:0.5的渐缩型半圆通道的总体换热系数最大提升了39.93%,流动传热综合性能评价因子PEC最大为1.346;当压力越靠近临界压力或热通量较低时,传热性能越高。最后,从场协同性和湍动能分布的角度解释了渐缩型变截面通道强化传热的原因。研究结果可为S-CO_(2)循环系统冷却器的设计与优化提供新的思路和理论指导。

二维管束状多孔炭材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

生物质是优异电极材料的重要来源,植物基生物质在制备多孔炭材料方面具有独特的结构优势。本文以面条菜为原料,KOH为活化剂,探讨了不同比例的KOH溶液对炭材料微观形貌的影响,制备出一系列具有二维管束状的炭材料,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱等物理手段对炭材料的结构进行了深入分析。结果表明当碱碳比为3:1时,炭材料SCLC-3含有微孔-介孔等丰富的孔隙结构,为电解液离子在炭材料中的传输和存储提供了有利条件,在电流密度为1A·g^(-1)时SCLC-3比电容高达290F·g^(-1),经过5000次充放电循环测试电容保留率高达98%,表明炭材料具有良好的循环寿命。将其制作成固态电极材料进行不同角度的弯折,结果显示其电化学性能几乎没有发生变化,呈现出较好的抗弯折性能。

侧向冲击荷载作用下CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应

为了研究CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱的抗侧向冲击性能,采用水平撞击装置对3个CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱进行侧向冲击试验.根据柱的破坏模式、局部变形、整体变形及冲击力分析柱的动力响应,研究了CFRP型材、边界条件、冲击能量与冲击冲量对试件动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱呈现弯曲破坏,具有良好的抗冲击性能,且随着支座约束能力的增大,抗侧向冲击性能增大.增加单位冲击冲量可使悬臂试件的峰值位移下降7%,而两端固支试件峰值位移仅变化1%.随着支座约束能力的下降,冲击冲量对试件变形的影响程度增大.在钢管混凝土固简试件中内置CFRP型材可使冲击位置处峰值位移下降9%,且降低程度随着支座约束能力的下降而增加.

超声振动辅助磨削CFRP复合材料薄管撕裂损伤研究

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)薄管超声振动辅助磨削过程中存在撕裂损伤且形成原因不明确的问题,通过对M55J和T300复合材料薄管开展超声振动辅助磨削试验,探究了超声振幅、进给量及主轴转速对磨削力和撕裂尺寸的影响规律,通过对磨削过程的受力分析和对最大未变形切屑厚度的计算,分析了撕裂位置的形成原因和撕裂尺寸的变化规律。结果表明:磨削力随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,与主轴转速的关联性较小;撕裂易出现于CFRP薄管内壁,其长度与高度随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,随主轴转速的增大而减小。

Carbon-Epoxy圆管件的静态吸能特征

Carbon/Epoxy 复合材料可以用作理想的吸能材料。为了考察材料体系对结构吸能性能的影响,对一系列Carbon/Epoxy圆管件进行了静态吸能性能试验。试验结果表明,在基体种类相同的条件下,结构的压溃失效模式有很大的区别。材料的吸能性能不仅同材料性能关系密切,而且也受材料纤维方式影响。

CFRP-铝合金复合管高强混凝土短柱轴压性能研究

为研究CFRP-铝合金复合管混凝土构件的轴压性能,进行了12根短柱试件的轴向压缩试验,主要研究参数为CFRP层数。试验结果表明:复合管混凝土试件出现了多处外凸鼓曲以及对应位置混凝土被压溃的破坏形态,而空复合管试件发生了局部内凹屈曲破坏;试件轴压承载力随CFRP层数的增加而增大,且复合管混凝土试件的承载力提高幅度高于相应的空复合管试件的提高幅度。对各部分的承载力贡献比例进行分析,发现复合管混凝土试件中混凝土的承载力贡献比例超过70%,且承载力贡献度随CFRP层数的增加而提高。提出了CFRP-铝合金复合管混凝土构件的轴压承载力计算公式。

碳纤维圆管增强超弹多孔结构振动特性研究

随着船舶工业技术的快速发展,对动力系统隔振装置提出了更加苛刻的要求,现有的橡胶阻尼材料虽然具备良好的减振效果,但仍然存在着质量大、力学承载性能和吸能性能不足等问题,针对上述背景,将橡胶阻尼材料与力学性能优异的碳纤维圆管相结合设计出了一种兼具轻质、抗冲、隔振的碳纤维圆管增强超弹多孔结构,并在前期的研究中已验证了该结构具有优异的抗冲吸能表现。在此基础上,通过试验结合数值表征的方法研究了该结构的振动行为和减振性能,揭示碳纤维圆管对结构固有振动特性和减振性能的影响规律。结果发现,相比无增强结构,填充碳纤维圆管的超弹多孔结构可在增强结构整体刚度的同时实现减振性能的显著提升;试验结果验证了所建立结构数值模型的可靠性,对比不同增强结构的仿真与试验发现随着碳纤维圆管厚度的增加,结构固有频率呈现先增大后减小的趋势;研究结果可为设计新型轻质高刚度高阻尼结构提供参考。

椭圆扭曲管能量回收器性能数值模拟及其节能应用

为解决目前传统新风系统常用的纸芯能量回收器存在新风、回风交叉污染及能量综合回收率低的问题,将椭圆扭曲管应用于空调新风系统,基于铝合金传热元件研发了一种新型高效的能量回收器。设计椭圆扭曲管和圆管两种不同结构的能量回收器,应用Fluent软件进行数值模拟,对比分析其换热和流动性能,并对其应用于空调新风系统的节能效果进行分析。结果表明,相对于圆管能量回收器,空气在通过椭圆扭曲管能量回收器时壳程温度下降得更快,管程温度提升也更快,换热系数更高,换热效果更好,尤其是处于夏季工况时换热效果较为明显。增设了能量回收器的新风机可以有效提升室内环境的舒适性,在夏热冬冷和寒冷地区节能效果显著。

圆管内氦氙混合气体与超临界二氧化碳换热特性对比分析

小型化、高紧凑反应堆系统是陆上多用途能源供给的研究重点,直接热-动循环下的能量转换对冷却剂工质选型提出极高要求。为了明确氦氙混合气体、超临界二氧化碳的工质适用性,本文采用数值模拟方法,对二者在圆管内的换热特性进行计算,对比了2种冷却剂的物性,分析了不同加热功率、入口速度、入口温度对冷却剂换热系数的影响,拟合提出了2种冷却剂工质圆管内换热的经验模型。研究结果表明:反应堆在加热功率超过100 kW/m~2、入口流速大于10 m/s下,对流换热系数较大;氦氙混合气体入口温度在1 000~1 200 K、超临界二氧化碳在入口温度550~600 K附近时,对流换热系数存在极大值;在高雷诺数区(Re>10~4),2冷却剂的修正关系式与计算值吻合良好。本文计算能够为新型反应堆开发提供数据及模型基础。

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的层间颗粒增韧技术研究进展

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)具有高强高模的优点,被广泛应用于汽车、体育、船舶、航空航天等领域,达到了材料轻量化的要求。目前使用较多的树脂基体以环氧树脂(EP)等热固性树脂为代表,普遍存在脆性大、韧性差的问题,导致复合材料层合板容易在层间发生开裂。层间增韧是一种有效的增韧方式,它可以在不改变基体树脂粘度的情况下对特定区域进行增韧,提高材料的断裂韧性。本文介绍了层间断裂模式并总结了层间断裂韧性(ILFT)测试的数据处理方法,总结了聚合物颗粒与无机纳米颗粒(主要是碳纳米管)的颗粒种类、增韧机制、引入方式,并主要通过层间断裂韧性评价了各种颗粒的增韧效果。

Natural Convection Melting in a Rectangular Heat Storage Tank of Carbon Nanotube Dispersed Latent Heat Storage Material

A dispersion system fluid can convect even if the dispersoid is a solid phase.Therefore,heat exchange performance can be improved while maintaining fluidity using a material with high thermal conductivity as the dispersoid.This study presents the melting performance evaluation results of a latent heat storage material with a carbon nanotube(CNT)dispersion system with high thermal conductivity,which enhances the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material and does not limit free convection.Increasing the thermal conductivity and enhancing the melting convection of the heat storage material result in increased latent heat storage speed.In this study,the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material was successfully increased by dispersing CNTs in the material.When 0.1%(in mass)of multi-wall CNT(MWCNT)was dispersed in a paraffin-based latent heat storage material,the shear stress increased by 1.5 times at a shear rate of 500 s^(-1),while taking into account the potential effects of convective inhibition.Therefore,a latent heat storage experiment was conducted in a rectangular heat storage tank using the CNT dispersion composition ratio as a parameter.A rectangular vessel with a heated vertical surface was used for the latent heat storage experiment.The melting speed was determined by comparing the amount of latent heat stored in a CNT-dispersed latent heat storage material and a single-phase latent heat storage material sample.The experimental results show that the time required for the latent heat storage material to completely melt in the heat storage tank was the shortest for the single-phase latent heat storage material sample.However,the fastest melting progress was observed for the sample with 0.02%(in mass)MWCNT content in the melting rate range of up to approximately 40%in the tank.The results indicate that this phenomenon is caused by the difference in the melting rates in the upper part of the tank.The generated data are useful for determining the shape and heat transfer surface arrangement of the latent heat storage tank.

电厂碳钢三通管件流动加速腐蚀的数值模拟分析

三通管件作为电厂管道常用构件,保证其安全运行对电厂实际生产意义重大。通过采用计算流体力学模拟和Sanchez-Caldera模型,在考虑电厂实际运行工况的基础上,研究了不同入口流速下T型三通分流管件和T型三通合流管件对流动加速腐蚀速率的影响。结果表明,在相同入口流速下,T型三通分流管件的流动加速腐蚀更为严重。T型三通分流管件的最大流动加速腐蚀速率出现在支管辅出水口的0.5D位置,而T型三通合流管件的最大值则位于主管道岔道口下游1D侧壁处。此外,研究还发现入口流速对流动加速腐蚀敏感位置没有影响。研究结果对电厂管道的设计和运行具有重要指导意义。

双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管在非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术患者中的临床疗效

目的探讨双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管在非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者中的临床疗效。方法收集2020年1月至2023年1月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院接受OPCABG治疗的122例患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为常规组(n=61,采用常规术中吹雾管吹雾驱血技术)与加温组(n=61,采用双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管吹雾驱血技术)。比较两组患者术中吹雾管气雾温度、患者核心体温、患者术中心率变异率,统计两组患者术后恢复指标及术后并发症发生率。结果加温组患者接管2.5 min、吹雾15.0 min、吹雾30.0 min时吹雾管气雾温度均高于常规组患者;开心包即刻、吹雾3.0 min、关心包即刻、出室前加温组患者核心体温均高于常规组患者;吹雾3.0、10.0、20.0、30.0 min时,加温组患者心率变异率均低于常规组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。加温组患者抗生素使用时间、引流置管时间、呼吸机应用时间、留置动脉测压时间、术后住院时间均短于常规组患者,术后引流量低于常规组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。加温组患者术后肺感染发生率为3.28%(2/61),低于常规组患者的16.39%(10/61),差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。结论OPCABG术中采用双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管技术能够有效减小患者术中温差变化幅度,减轻温差刺激诱发的过度心率变异率,有利于患者术后恢复,并可降低术后肺感染发生风险。

预制混凝土管片碳排放计量研究

预制混凝土管片越来越多地被应用于隧道工程建设中,它在建设过程中消耗了大量资源和能源,释放了大量温室气体。研究发现,预制构件生产阶段碳排放量最大,降低预制构件生产阶段碳排放有着重要意义,然而,针对预制混凝土管片生产阶段的碳排放研究甚少。以隧道工程中的预制混凝土管片为例,提出预制混凝土管片在预制工厂生产及运输阶段的碳排放计算模型并计算每个阶段的碳排放量,为预制混凝土管片节能减排策略提供理论依据及参考。