Prevalence of Acute Myocardial and Brain Toxicity in Emergency Department Patients Exposed to Carbon Monoxide

Introduction: Due to its severe toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning is an emergency that leads to cardiac and brain involvement, and emergency physicians should aim to master this diagnosis. This study is intended to describe the expected prevalence of these severe toxicities in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients over 16 years of age presenting with carbon monoxide poisoning to the emergency department of the Hospital Universitario Austral, Argentina, during the period from January 2018 to June 2022. The prevalence of myocardial and brain toxicity was assessed regarding percentage, continuous variables with mean and standard deviation, categorical variables with percentage and absolute frequency. Positive findings of acute neurological toxicity included seizures, syncope and coma, while cardiovascular toxicity encompassed acute myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosed by electrocardiogram or elevated troponin levels, arrhythmias, and the development of pulmonary edema/ congestive heart failure (CHF) confirmed by chest X-ray with suggestive signs or clinically compatible symptoms. Patients were followed-up for 90 days to estimate hospitalization and mortality. Results: A total of 67 patients were evaluated;44.77% of them were males with a mean age of 38.5 ± 14.97 years. The prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5). Among these patients, 3 had overweight as a risk factor, and 3 showed ECG abnormalities with negative T-waves. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6). In total, 37% (n: 25) of patients met the criteria for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, of which 32% (n: 8) underwent more than one session. A total of 7.46% of patients (n: 5) required hospitalization. Mortality at 90 days was 0%. Conclusion: Among the patients who presented to the emergency department, the prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5), which is lower than the prevalence reported in other studies to date. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6), and there are no studies describing the prevalence of acute brain toxicity in the emergency department to date. There were no fatalities in our series.

Carbon nanotubes:Evaluation of toxicity at biointerfaces

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a class of carbon allotropes with interesting properties that make them productive materials for usage in various disciplines of nanotechnology such as in electronics equipments, optics and therapeutics. They exhibit distinguished properties viz., strength, and high electrical and heat conductivity. Their uniqueness can be attributed due to the bonding pattern present between the atoms which are very strong and also exhibit high extreme aspect ratios. CNTs are classified as singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the basis of number of sidewalls present and the way they are arranged spatially. Application of CNTs to improve the performance of many products, especially in healthcare, has led to an occupational and public exposure to these nanomaterials. Hence, it becomes a major concern to analyze the issues pertaining to the toxicity of CNTs and find the best suitable ways to counter those challenges. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of CNTs in vitro and in vivo in different organ systems (bio interphases) of the body that result in cellular toxicity.

Toxicity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,Graphene Oxide,and Reduced Graphene Oxide to Zebrafish Embryos

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of 3 nanomaterials, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs）, graphene oxide （GO）, and reduced graphene oxide （RGO）, on zebrafish embryos. Methods The 2-h post-fertilization （hpf） zebrafish embryos were exposed to MWCNTs, GO, and RGO at different concentrations （1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/L） for 96 h. Afterwards, the effects of the 3 nanomateria on spontaneous movement, heart rate, hatching rate, length of larvae, mortality, and malformations Is were evaluated. Results Statistical analysis indicated that RGO significantly inhibited the hatching of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, RGO and MWCNTs decreased the length of the hatched larvae at 96 hpf. No obvious morphological malformation or mortality was observed in the zebrafish embryos after exposure to the three nanomaterials. Conclusion MWCNTs, GO, and RGO were all toxic to zebrafish embryos to influence embryos hatching and larvae length. Although no obvious morphological malformation and mortality were observed in exposed zebrafish embryos, further studies on the toxicity of the three nanomaterials are still needed.

Negundoside,an irridiod glycoside from leaves of Vitex negundo,protects human liver cells against calcium-mediated toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride

AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of 2′-p-hydroxy benzoylmussaenosidic acid [negundoside （NG）, against carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced toxicity in HUH-7 cel Is.METHODS： CCI4 is a well characterized hepatotoxin, and inducer of cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1）-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular calcium are important steps in the pathway involved in CCl4 toxicity. Liver cells （HUH-7） were treated with CCI4, and the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of NG was assessed. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug, was used as control. RESULTS： NG protected HUH-7 cells against CCl4 toxicity and loss of viability without modulating CYP2E1 activity. Prevention of CCl4 toxicity was associated with a reduction in oxidative damage as reflected by decreased generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular Ca^2＋ levels and maintenance of intracellular glutathione homeostasis. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP）, induction of caspases mediated DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, as a result of CCl4 treatment, were also blocked by NG. The protection afforded by NG seemed to be mediated by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） synthesis and inhibition of phospholipases （cPLA2）. CONCLUSION： NG exerts a protective effect on CYP2E1-dependent CCl4 toxicity via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, followed by an improved intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibition of Ca^2＋-dependent proteases.

Cytotoxicity,in Vivo Skin Irritation and Acute Systemic Toxicity of the Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate Upsalite^(█)

Upsalite®is a mesoporous magnesium carbonate synthesized without using surfactants and therefore highly attractive from environmental and production economy points of view. The material has recently been suggested as drug delivery vehicle and as topical bacteriostatic agent. In order to continue exploring these and other bio-related applications of the material, primary biocompatibility studies are needed. Herein we present the first in vivo acute systemic toxicity and skin irritation analyses as well as in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations of Upsalite®. The material was found to be non-toxic for human dermal fibroblasts cells up to a concentration of 1000 μg/ml and 48 h exposure in contrast to the mesoporous silica material SBA-15, used as reference, which significantly affected cell viability at particle concentration of 500 and 1000 μg/ml after the same exposure time. Topical application of Upsalite®resulted in negligible cutaneous reactions in a rabbit skin irritation model and no evidence of significant systemic toxicity was found when saline extracts of Upsalite®were injected in mice. Injection of sesame oil extract, however, resulted in transient weight loss, most likely due to injection of particles, and not toxic leachables. The presented results form the basis for future development of Upsalite®and similar mesoporous materials in biomedical applications and further toxicity as well as biocompatibility studies should be directed towards specific areas of use.

Characterization of Fiber Dust Resulting from Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics (CFRP) and Their Cell Toxicity

Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRP) have excellent specific strength and rigidity, which has made them a popular material for lightweight construction. The growing demand for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) leads to the problem of the sustainable handling of FRP at the end of their life cycle. The aim of the research project was to gain knowledge about the shredding of FRP concerning the optimal machine and process design of the shredding process and the possible formation of harmful, inhalable dust fractions and WHO fibers. Toxicity should be investigated at the cellular level. The investigated shredding parameters influence the amount and length of fiber dust produced, both when shredding with a cutting mill and when shredding with a single-shaft shredder. In all investigations, an increasing rotational speed leads to an increase in the fiber dust mass or the fiber concentration. The proportion of short, respirable fibers increases, but raising the speed does not lead to a further, significant shortening of the fibers. A reduction in feedstock size leads to a slightly reduced mass of fiber dust in the ground material. A reduction in the screen size also leads to an increase in fiber dust mass and concentration. There was no recognizable cytotoxicity in the relevant concentration range up to 500 μg/cm2 and no significant induction of cell migration. This indicates minor flammable effects of the dust formed after inhalation. The biological data indicate that the WHO fibers produced by shredding are only a minor health hazard. Formally, the detected carbon fiber (CF) fragments meet the fiber definition of the legislator. However, carbon fibers currently have no specific limit value.

Using cemented paste backfill to tackle the phosphogypsum stockpile in China:A down-to-earth technology with new vitalities in pollutant retention and CO_(2) abatement

Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.

铝电解大修渣废旧阴极炭的处理技术研究现状及展望

铝电解槽大修渣废旧阴极炭的无害化处理和资源化利用是电解铝行业实现绿色可持续发展的瓶颈所在。介绍了铝电解废阴极炭中的有毒组分及有毒元素的迁移规律,重点总结了高温火法、液相浸出法和协同处理法的原理、研究现状及优缺点,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Spectrum of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy syndrome:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Delayed post hypoxic leukoencephalopathy syndrome(DPHLS),also known as Grinker’s myelinopathy,is a rare but significant neurological condition that manifests days to weeks after a hypoxic event.Characterized by delayed onset of neurological and cognitive deficits,DPHLS presents substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.AIM To consolidate current knowledge on pathophysiology,clinical features,diagnostic approaches,and management strategies for DPHLS,providing a comprehensive overview and highlighting gaps for future research.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes guidelines,we systematically searched PubMed,ScienceDirect and Hinari databases using terms related to delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy.Inclusion criteria were original research articles,case reports,and case series involving human subjects with detailed clinical,neuroimaging,or pathological data on DPHLS.Data were extracted on study characteristics,participant demographics,clinical features,neuroimaging findings,pathological findings,treatment,and outcomes.The quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.RESULTS A total of 73 cases were reviewed.Common comorbidities included schizoaffective disorder,bipolar disorder,hypertension,and substance use disorder.The primary causes of hypoxia were benzodiazepine overdose,opioid overdose,polysubstance overdose,and carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Symptoms frequently include decreased level of consciousness,psychomotor agitation,cognitive decline,parkinsonism,and encephalopathy.Neuroimaging commonly revealed diffuse T2 hyperintensities in cerebral white matter,sometimes involving the basal ganglia and the globus pallidus.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy often showed decreased N-acetylaspartate,elevated choline,choline-to-creatinine ratio,and normal or elevated lactate.Treatment is often supportive,including amantadine,an antioxidant cocktail,and steroids.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be beneficial in those with CO poisoning.Parkinsonism was often treated with levodopa.Most of the patients had substantial recovery over the course of months and many cases had some residual neurocognitive deficits.CONCLUSION DPHLS remains a complex and multifaceted condition with various etiologies and clinical manifestations.Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to improving patient outcomes.Future research should focus on standardizing diagnostic criteria,using advanced imaging techniques,and exploring therapeutic interventions to improve understanding and treatment of DPHLS.Conducting prospective cohort studies and developing biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring will be essential to advance patient care.

厌氧消化技术在处理有机废弃物方面的应用现状

本研究聚焦于评估厌氧消化技术在处理有机废弃物、转化为再生能源和有机肥料方面的应用,并探讨了其对环境影响的减缓作用。采用文献综述方法,深入分析了温度、碳氮比、有机负荷率、挥发性脂肪酸、水力停留时间和pH等因素如何影响厌氧消化过程的效率与稳定性。研究表明,这些参数对促进微生物活动、加快有机物分解以及维持系统稳定运行均具有显著影响。通过对玉米秸秆、畜禽粪便和厨余垃圾等典型有机废弃物的案例分析,验证了厌氧消化技术的有效性,并详细阐述了该过程中关键微生物群落的结构和功能,包括细菌和古菌在不同阶段如水解、酸化、乙酸化和产甲烷中的作用机制。此外,文章还讨论了有毒物质生成问题及其管理策略。最终,文章建议通过提升厌氧消化效率、开发新型反应器技术以及加强微生物种群研究,将有助于使厌氧消化技术在未来实现更高效、稳定且广泛的运用。

活性炭复合材料对有毒工业气体吸附性能的研究进展

活性炭复合材料结合了活性炭与多种功能材料的优点,在有毒气体治理领域展现出了巨大应用潜力。本文综述了活性炭与分子筛、金属有机骨架材料、金属氧化物、矿物聚合物等进行复合的方法,并详细探讨了这些复合材料用于有毒工业气体吸附的研究进展。通过对比分析,总结了活性炭复合材料在吸附性能上的优势与不足,并展望了其未来的发展方向。

Management of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats by syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in spleen and peritoneal cavity

AIM:Acute hepatitis may seldom have a fulminant course. In the treatment of this medical emergency,potential liver support measure must provide immediate and sufficient assistance to the hepatic function.The goal of our study was to study the adequacy of hepatocyte transplantation (HCTx)in two different anatomical sites,splenic parenchyma and peritoneal cavity,in a rat model of reversible acute hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4). METHODS:After CCl_4 intoxication,84 male Wistar rats used as recipients were divided in to four experimental groups accordingly to their treatment:Group A(n=-24):intrasplenic transplantation of 10×10~6 isolated hepatocytes,Group B(n=24): intraperitoneal transplantation of 20×10~6 isolated hepatocytes attached on plastic microcarriers,Group C(n=-18):intrasplenic injection of 1 mL normal saline(sham-operated controls), Group D(n=-18):intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mL normal saline(sham-operated controls).Survival,liver function tests (LFT)and histology were studied in all four groups,on d 2, 5 and 10 post-HCTx. RESULTS:The ten-day survival(and mean survival)in the 4 groups was 72.2%(8.1±3.1),33.3%(5.4±3.4),0% (3.1±1.3)and 33.3%(5.4±3.6)in groups A,B,C,D, respectively(P_(AB0<0.05,P_(AC)<0.05,P_(BD)=NS).In the final survivors,LFT(except alkaline phosphatase)and hepatic histology returned to normal,independently of their previous therapy.Viable hepatocytes were identified within splenic parenchyma(in group A on d 2)and both in the native liver and the fatty tissue of abdominal wall(in group B on d 5). CONCLUSION:A significantly better survival of the intrasplenically transplanted animals has been demonstrated. Intraperitoneal hepatocytes failed to promptly engraft.A different timing between liver injury and intraperitoneal HCTx may give better results and merits further investigation.

Lithium carbonate plus ¹³¹I in the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism

Aims: Effectiveness of radioiodine for Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GD) depends on its intrathyroidal persistence, which could be enhanced by lithium by blocking the release of organic iodine and thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. The present aim focused on the effect of the addition of lithium carbonate to 131I therapy in patients with GD. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with GD were randomly assigned to two groups: group (A) patients treated with 131I and group (B) patients treated with 131I plus lithium carbonate. Patients in B group were treated with a dose of 0.5 g per day (2 × 0.25 g) of lithium carbonate for half a month before and after the administration of 131I. Thyroid weight was estimated by ultrasonography and careful palpation of the thyroid. Radiation absorbed dose rate in the front of the neck was measured on days 1530 and 45 after the administration of 131I. Serum concentrations of thyroidstimulation hormone (TSH), fee tri-iodothyrosine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) were tested on days 30, 45, 90, 180 before and after treatment. Results: After RIT, radiation absorbed dose rate in the front of neck gradually decreased as time went on (p 0.05), free T3 and free T4 values in both groups rose significantly one month after treatment (all p 0.05). Cure rate of hyperthyroidism was achieved in 36 of the 50 patients (72%) treated with 131I alone and in 38 of the 50 patients (76%) treated with 131I plus lithium. Conclusion: We suggest that for patients withdrawing of ATD and those with short effective half-time, as well as those intolerant or invalid, the short term addition of lithium to 131I allows for a better control of thyrotoxia and the completeness of treatment.

Air Pollution by Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisonous Gas in Lagos Area Southwestern Nigeria

We examined exposure to air pollution caused by households’ wood burning of cooking, generating sets and vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) poisonous gas in the most populated urban city of Lagos Southwestern part of Nigeria. It is a known fact that many families including children and pregnant women;infant babies and individuals lost their lives due to poor quality air control policies, and inefficient control of air pollution caused by this deadly gas. Many are suffering with heart-related diseases as a result of CO poisoning and Government is not showing serious concern in this part of the world. All of the foregoing motivates this study to determine the level of human exposure to this deadly gas using Carbon Monoxide Detector so as to create the necessary adequate awareness of the quality of air within the metropolis whereby preventive measures could be put in place to curb the devastating effects on the innocent citizens, most importantly, the children.

改性活性炭纤维活化过硫酸盐深度处理焦化废水及降解吡啶

采用NaOH改性活性炭纤维(ACF)活化过硫酸盐(PMS)深度处理焦化废水及降解吡啶.考察了NaOH-ACF投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值对焦化废水生化出水中化学需氧量(COD)、色度去除效果及吡啶降解效果的影响.结果表明,NaOH-ACF/PMS体系可以有效去除焦化废水中的有机物和色度,并完全降解吡啶.材料表征结果表明,NaOH-ACF具有丰富的表面官能团,吸附和催化性能良好.NaOH-ACF投加量为2.0g/L、PMS浓度为6.0mmol/L、初始pH值为7.0、温度为25,℃反应120min,焦化废水生化出水中COD和色度的去除率分别达85.7%和93.8%,吡啶初始浓度为10mg/L,降解率为100%.发光细菌毒性实验表明,在最佳反应条件下NaOH-ACF/PM体系深度处理焦化废水可以有效脱毒.自由基鉴定实验证实,NaOH-ACF/PMS体系中同时存在硫酸根自由基(SO_(4)^(-)·)和羟基自由基(·OH).气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析显示,焦化废水生化出水中的大分子、复杂有机物在体系中完全矿化或者转化为小分子物质,吡啶通过羟基化和去氢作用可以完全降解.

头颅核磁共振联合脑电图对急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的预测价值

目的:探讨头颅磁共振成像(MRI)联合脑电图(EEG)检查对急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病(DEACMP)的预测价值。方法:选取医院就诊的78例急性一氧化碳中毒患者,所有患者均行高压氧治疗,于入院72 h内进行头颅MRI及EEG检查,按照病情有无进展成迟发性脑病将其分别纳入DEACMP组(36例)和非DEACMP组(42例)。记录两组患者的基线数据,对比两组患者的年龄、性别、吸入一氧化碳时间、昏迷时间、高压氧持续治疗时间及有无并发症等。采用二元Logistic回归分析确定相关独立危险因素,建立MRI和EEG的联合模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析联合模型的预测效能。结果:DEACMP组患者吸入一氧化碳时间、昏迷时间长于非DEACMP组患者,而高压氧持续治疗时间短于非DEACMP组患者,差异有统计学意义(t=5.381,t=2.794,t=2.507;P<0.05)。DEACMP组中有27例患者的MRI图像显示急性脑损伤,显著高于非DEACMP组(8例),DEACMP组的苍白球表观弥散系数(ADC)值显著低于非DEACMP组,差异有统计学意义(t=13.445;P<0.05)。DEACMP组和非DEACMP组的EEG检测异常率分别为86.11%(31/36)和57.14%(24/42),DEACMP组EEG异常率高于非DEACMP组,其差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=5.000,P<0.05)。二元Logistics回归分析显示,吸入一氧化碳时间、苍白球ADC值及EEG异常是DEACMP的独立危险因素(OR=2.37,OR=0.801,OR=1.53;P<0.05)。MRI联合EEG预测模型的AUC为0.864,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.82%和76.92%。结论:吸入一氧化碳时间、苍白球ADC值及EEG异常是DEACMP的独立危险因素;MRI ADC值联合EEG检查对DEACMP具有较高的预测价值。

高温焙烧法处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块

废旧阴极炭块的无害化与资源化已成为制约铝电解行业绿色可持续发展的资源环境难题。利用高温焙烧法处理废旧阴极炭块,基于不同粒度废旧阴极炭块的工业成分和浸出毒性,探索骨料粒度和焙烧温度对高温焙烧处理效果的影响。结果表明,随着骨料粒度的增大和焙烧温度的提高,回收炭材料碳含量逐渐提高,可溶性氟化物含量大幅降低。在最佳高温焙烧参数下,回收炭材料的碳含量由65.21%提高至94.52%,F-浸出浓度由4018.55 mg L降至7.63 mg L。同时利用化学沉淀法对气态冷凝产物进行固化处理,提取高纯度的CaF 2产品,避免高浓度含氟烟气二次污染。通过高温焙烧法处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块具备技术可行性。

2种果皮衍生碳量子点对典型细菌的毒性分析

碳量子点(CQDs)及其功能化材料因其独特性在多个领域广泛应用,这类改性材料对环境生物潜在毒性尚不清楚。该研究选用橙子皮和西瓜皮制备的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs),选取典型的革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性菌枯草芽孢杆菌作为受试生物,通过分析细菌的生长曲线、菌落数、活性氧(ROS)含量和形态,考察2种菌体对N-CQDs的耐受性特征;同时,采用费氏弧菌进行急性毒性实验,验证了2种生物质衍生的N-CQDs对该菌的毒性效应。结果表明,随着N-CQDs浓度的增加,大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的菌落数均略有增加;N-CQDs对费氏弧菌的毒性较低。研究表明2种果皮衍生的N-CQDs具有良好的生物安全性,可为CQDs的应用及其风险评估奠定基础。

Toxicity of graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human cells and zebrafish

Graphene possesses unique physical and chemical properties, which have inspired a wide range of potential biomedical applications. However, little is known about the adverse effects of graphene on the human body and ecological environment. The purpose of our work is to make assessment on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) against human cell line (human bone marrow neuroblastoma cell line and human epithelial carcinoma cell line) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) by comparing the toxic effects of GO with its sister, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The results show that GO has a moderate toxicity to organisms since it can induce minor (about 20%) cell growth inhibition and slight hatching delay of zebrafish embryos at a dosage of 50 mg/L, but did not result in significant increase of apoptosis in embryo, while MWNTs exhibit acute toxicity leading to a strong inhibition of cell proliferation and serious morphological defects in developing embryos even at relatively low concentration of 25 mg/L. The distinctive toxicity of GO and MWNTs should be ascribed to the different models of interaction between nanomaterials and organisms, which arises from the different geometric structures of nanomaterials. Collectively, our work suggests that GO does actual toxicity to organisms posing potential environmental risks and the result is also shedding light on the geometrical structure-dependent toxicity of graphitic nanomaterials.

烘焙培根中的碳点的鉴定及毒性评价

我们以培根为研究对象,经200℃烤制10 min后,提取并纯化碳点,结果表明烘焙培根中的碳点为大小相似的球形结构,呈分散态,平均粒径为1.55 nm;荧光寿命约为5.37 ns;将大鼠肾细胞用1 mg/m的碳点处理后,经FITC-annexin V和碘化丙啶探针双染后,用流式细胞仪检出细胞凋亡率从4.59%增加到20.09%。我们鉴定了烘焙培根中碳点的荧光特性和物化性质,证实了培根中碳点能诱导NRK细胞凋亡。为其它热加工食品中的碳点的研究奠定基础,为人们的健康饮食提供参考。