Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium...Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium, The activity of as-prepared MoS2 had a strong dependence on the ball milling time, Furthermore, Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the ball-milled MoS2 followed by a second ball milling, and the resultant MoS2/carbon black hybrid material showed a much higher HER activity than MoS2 and carbon black alone. The enhanced activity of the MoS2/carbon black hybrid material was attributed to the increased abundance of catalytic edge sites of MoS） and excellent electrical coupling to the underlving carbon network.展开更多
The effects of particle size of activated carbon （AC） on its wettability, electrode coating technology and electric chemical performance were studied to assemble nonaqueous electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs）...The effects of particle size of activated carbon （AC） on its wettability, electrode coating technology and electric chemical performance were studied to assemble nonaqueous electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs） for high power requirements. The results show that the specific surface area and total pore volume of AC decrease from 2 137 m^2/g to 1 683 m^2/g, and 0.95 cm^3/g to 0.78 cm^3/g, respectively, if it is ball-milled for 8 h. The pore size distributions are similar in the range of 0.7 nm to 3.5 nm for different ball-milling time. There exists oxidation on the surface of AC during the ball-milling process and the ratios of O-C=O oxygen compositions increase whereas those of C-O, C=O decrease. The peeling strength of AC coated on current collector is almost inverse proportion with the particle size of AC as well as the resistance of EDLCs, and its capacitance decreases about 6%.展开更多
利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和波函数分析方法,从理论上探讨了三维碳球的光学性质。研究了紫外-可见光(Ultraviolet-visible, UV-vis)吸收光谱中的电子跃迁机制;通过跃迁密度矩阵图(Transition Density Matrix,TDM)和电荷差分密度图(Charge D...利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和波函数分析方法,从理论上探讨了三维碳球的光学性质。研究了紫外-可见光(Ultraviolet-visible, UV-vis)吸收光谱中的电子跃迁机制;通过跃迁密度矩阵图(Transition Density Matrix,TDM)和电荷差分密度图(Charge Density Difference, CDD),研究了三维碳球的电子激发特性;对拉曼(Raman)光谱进行了计算,并进一步解释了三维碳球的振动模式;利用静电势(Electrostatic Potential,ESP),研究了三维碳球与外界环境的相互作用;基于外加磁场下的磁感应电流,研究了三维碳球的电子离域程度。结果表明,三维碳球的吸收光谱主要在紫外光区域,并且有较强的电子离域能力。研究结果可为其他三维π共轭分子结构在线性光学和非线性光学中的应用提供理论基础。展开更多
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with a large specific surface area,high conductivity,and adjustable microstructures have many prospects for energy-related applications.This is especially true for N-doped nanocarbons u...Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with a large specific surface area,high conductivity,and adjustable microstructures have many prospects for energy-related applications.This is especially true for N-doped nanocarbons used in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and supercapacitors.Here,we report a low-cost,environmentally friendly,large-scale mechanochemical method of preparing N-doped porous carbons(NPCs)with hierarchical micro-mesopores and a large surface area via ball-milling polymerization followed by pyrolysis.The optimized NPC prepared at 1000°C(NPC-1000)offers excellent ORR activity with an onset potential(Eonset)and half-wave potential(E1/2)of 0.9 and 0.82 V,respectively(vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode),which are only approximately 30 mV lower than that of Pt/C.The rechargeable Zn–air battery assembled using NPC-1000 and the NiFe-layered double hydroxide as bifunctional ORR and oxygen evolution reaction electrodes offered superior cycling stability and comparable discharge performance to RuO2 and Pt/C.Moreover,the supercapacitor electrode equipped with NPC prepared at 800℃ exhibited a high specific capacity(431 F g^−1 at 10 mV s^−1),outstanding rate,performance,and excellent cycling stability in an aqueous 6-M KOH solution.This work demonstrates the potential of the mechanochemical preparation method of porous carbons,which are important for energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were coated by a molybdenum layer using carbonyl thermal decomposition process with a precursor of molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The Mo-coated CNTs （Mo-CNTs） were added into copper p...Multiwalled carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were coated by a molybdenum layer using carbonyl thermal decomposition process with a precursor of molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The Mo-coated CNTs （Mo-CNTs） were added into copper powders to fabricate Mo-CNT/Cu composites by means of mechanical milling followed by spark plasma sintering. The Mo-CNTs were uniform dispersion in the Cu matrix when their contents were 2.5 vo1.%-7.5 vol.%, while some Mo-CNT clusters were clearly observed at additions of 10.0 vo1.%-15.0 vol.% Mo-CNTs in the mixture. The mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites were characterized, and the results showed that the tensile strength and hardness were 2.0 and 2.2 times higher than those of CNT-free specimens, respectively. Moreover, the Mo-CNT/Cu composites exhibited an enhanced thermal conductivity but inferior electrical conductivity compared with sintered pure Cu. The uncoated CNT/Cu composites were fabricated by the similar processes, and the measured tensile strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the CNT/Cu composites were lower than those of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites.展开更多
The synthesis of new materials containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and the microstructure of alumina particles were investigated and characterized. The MWCNTs and alumina particles were ground under bo...The synthesis of new materials containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and the microstructure of alumina particles were investigated and characterized. The MWCNTs and alumina particles were ground under both the dry and wet conditions with various rotation speeds （200 - 400 r/min） in planetary ball milling machine, and their combination characteristics were described. The experimental results were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and particle sizing analysis （PSA）. SEM result revealed that the combination of MWCNTs - Alumina particles mixed quite well under both the dry and wet grinding with rotation speed of 400 r/rain. XRD characterization indicated the better result could get in ground samples at a rotation speed of 400 r/min. PSA result showed the particle size decreased with increase the grinding speeds. From the overall results, we observed that the grinding method can be used to synthesize new material with high efficiency.展开更多
A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials （HSGCs） were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x （x is the ball-milling t...A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials （HSGCs） were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x （x is the ball-milling time in hour） catalysts was studied using ammonia synthesis as a probe reaction. The graphitic degree and pore structure of HSGC-x supports could be successfully tuned via the variation of ball-milling time. Ru nanoparticles of different Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalysts are homogeneously distributed on the supports with the particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 nm. The graphitic degree of the support is closely related to its facile electron transfer capability and so plays an important role in improving the intrinsic catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalyst.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of carbon nanotube （CNT） concentration on the micro-morphologies and laser absorption proper- ties of CNT/AlSi10Mg composite powders produced by high-energy ball milling. A scanni...This study investigated the effects of carbon nanotube （CNT） concentration on the micro-morphologies and laser absorption proper- ties of CNT/AlSi10Mg composite powders produced by high-energy ball milling. A scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, laser particle size analyzer, high-temperature synchronous thermal analyzer, and UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer were used for the analysis of micro- graphs, phases, granulometric parameters, thermal properties, and laser absorption properties of the composite powders, respectively. The results showed that the powders gradually changed from flake- to granule-like morphology and the average particle size sharply decreased with in- creases in milling rotational speed and milling time. Moreover, a uniform dispersion of CNTs in AlSi10Mg powders was achieved only for a CNT content of 1.5wt%. Laser absorption values of the composite powders were also observed to gradually increase with the increase of CNT concentration, and different spectra displayed characteristic absorption peaks at a wavelength of approximately 826 nm.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grants 2012CB215500 and 2013CB933100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 21573222 and 21103178)
文摘Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium, The activity of as-prepared MoS2 had a strong dependence on the ball milling time, Furthermore, Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the ball-milled MoS2 followed by a second ball milling, and the resultant MoS2/carbon black hybrid material showed a much higher HER activity than MoS2 and carbon black alone. The enhanced activity of the MoS2/carbon black hybrid material was attributed to the increased abundance of catalytic edge sites of MoS） and excellent electrical coupling to the underlving carbon network.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.50672025, 50730003）, and the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology （Grant Nos.06JC14018, 06DZ22003）
文摘The effects of particle size of activated carbon （AC） on its wettability, electrode coating technology and electric chemical performance were studied to assemble nonaqueous electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs） for high power requirements. The results show that the specific surface area and total pore volume of AC decrease from 2 137 m^2/g to 1 683 m^2/g, and 0.95 cm^3/g to 0.78 cm^3/g, respectively, if it is ball-milled for 8 h. The pore size distributions are similar in the range of 0.7 nm to 3.5 nm for different ball-milling time. There exists oxidation on the surface of AC during the ball-milling process and the ratios of O-C=O oxygen compositions increase whereas those of C-O, C=O decrease. The peeling strength of AC coated on current collector is almost inverse proportion with the particle size of AC as well as the resistance of EDLCs, and its capacitance decreases about 6%.
文摘利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和波函数分析方法,从理论上探讨了三维碳球的光学性质。研究了紫外-可见光(Ultraviolet-visible, UV-vis)吸收光谱中的电子跃迁机制;通过跃迁密度矩阵图(Transition Density Matrix,TDM)和电荷差分密度图(Charge Density Difference, CDD),研究了三维碳球的电子激发特性;对拉曼(Raman)光谱进行了计算,并进一步解释了三维碳球的振动模式;利用静电势(Electrostatic Potential,ESP),研究了三维碳球与外界环境的相互作用;基于外加磁场下的磁感应电流,研究了三维碳球的电子离域程度。结果表明,三维碳球的吸收光谱主要在紫外光区域,并且有较强的电子离域能力。研究结果可为其他三维π共轭分子结构在线性光学和非线性光学中的应用提供理论基础。
基金financial support from NSFC(51602332)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700204)+4 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(15520720400,16DZ2260603)Equipment Research Program(6140721050215)the National 1000 Youth Talents program of Chinafinancial support from Ningbo 3315 programDST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre(DST/TMD/SERI/HUB/1(C)),DST Materials for Energy Storage program,Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(India)(Project ID:ELE1819353MEITNAK)
文摘Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with a large specific surface area,high conductivity,and adjustable microstructures have many prospects for energy-related applications.This is especially true for N-doped nanocarbons used in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and supercapacitors.Here,we report a low-cost,environmentally friendly,large-scale mechanochemical method of preparing N-doped porous carbons(NPCs)with hierarchical micro-mesopores and a large surface area via ball-milling polymerization followed by pyrolysis.The optimized NPC prepared at 1000°C(NPC-1000)offers excellent ORR activity with an onset potential(Eonset)and half-wave potential(E1/2)of 0.9 and 0.82 V,respectively(vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode),which are only approximately 30 mV lower than that of Pt/C.The rechargeable Zn–air battery assembled using NPC-1000 and the NiFe-layered double hydroxide as bifunctional ORR and oxygen evolution reaction electrodes offered superior cycling stability and comparable discharge performance to RuO2 and Pt/C.Moreover,the supercapacitor electrode equipped with NPC prepared at 800℃ exhibited a high specific capacity(431 F g^−1 at 10 mV s^−1),outstanding rate,performance,and excellent cycling stability in an aqueous 6-M KOH solution.This work demonstrates the potential of the mechanochemical preparation method of porous carbons,which are important for energy conversion and storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50971020)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2009AA03Z116)
文摘Multiwalled carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were coated by a molybdenum layer using carbonyl thermal decomposition process with a precursor of molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The Mo-coated CNTs （Mo-CNTs） were added into copper powders to fabricate Mo-CNT/Cu composites by means of mechanical milling followed by spark plasma sintering. The Mo-CNTs were uniform dispersion in the Cu matrix when their contents were 2.5 vo1.%-7.5 vol.%, while some Mo-CNT clusters were clearly observed at additions of 10.0 vo1.%-15.0 vol.% Mo-CNTs in the mixture. The mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites were characterized, and the results showed that the tensile strength and hardness were 2.0 and 2.2 times higher than those of CNT-free specimens, respectively. Moreover, the Mo-CNT/Cu composites exhibited an enhanced thermal conductivity but inferior electrical conductivity compared with sintered pure Cu. The uncoated CNT/Cu composites were fabricated by the similar processes, and the measured tensile strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the CNT/Cu composites were lower than those of the Mo-CNT/Cu composites.
基金Funded by the Basic Science Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No.2012-0004544)
文摘The synthesis of new materials containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and the microstructure of alumina particles were investigated and characterized. The MWCNTs and alumina particles were ground under both the dry and wet conditions with various rotation speeds （200 - 400 r/min） in planetary ball milling machine, and their combination characteristics were described. The experimental results were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and particle sizing analysis （PSA）. SEM result revealed that the combination of MWCNTs - Alumina particles mixed quite well under both the dry and wet grinding with rotation speed of 400 r/rain. XRD characterization indicated the better result could get in ground samples at a rotation speed of 400 r/min. PSA result showed the particle size decreased with increase the grinding speeds. From the overall results, we observed that the grinding method can be used to synthesize new material with high efficiency.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.20803064)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provence(Y4090348 and LY12B03007)Qianjiang Talent Project in Zhejiang Province(2010R10039 and 2013R10056)
文摘A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials （HSGCs） were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x （x is the ball-milling time in hour） catalysts was studied using ammonia synthesis as a probe reaction. The graphitic degree and pore structure of HSGC-x supports could be successfully tuned via the variation of ball-milling time. Ru nanoparticles of different Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalysts are homogeneously distributed on the supports with the particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 nm. The graphitic degree of the support is closely related to its facile electron transfer capability and so plays an important role in improving the intrinsic catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalyst.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51405467)the Research Fund for Scientific and Technological Projects of Chongqing (Nos. 2012ggB 40003 and cstc2013yykfC 00006)
文摘This study investigated the effects of carbon nanotube （CNT） concentration on the micro-morphologies and laser absorption proper- ties of CNT/AlSi10Mg composite powders produced by high-energy ball milling. A scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, laser particle size analyzer, high-temperature synchronous thermal analyzer, and UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer were used for the analysis of micro- graphs, phases, granulometric parameters, thermal properties, and laser absorption properties of the composite powders, respectively. The results showed that the powders gradually changed from flake- to granule-like morphology and the average particle size sharply decreased with in- creases in milling rotational speed and milling time. Moreover, a uniform dispersion of CNTs in AlSi10Mg powders was achieved only for a CNT content of 1.5wt%. Laser absorption values of the composite powders were also observed to gradually increase with the increase of CNT concentration, and different spectra displayed characteristic absorption peaks at a wavelength of approximately 826 nm.
