Carbon-containing electrospun nanofibers for lithium-sulfur battery:Current status and future directions

Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have become promising next-generation energy storage technologies for electric vehicles and portable electronics,due to its excellent theoretical specific energy.However,the low conductivity of sulfur species,notorious lithium dendrites,the severe"shuttle effect"of polysulfides(LiPSs)and the inferior kinetic reaction for LiPSs/Li_(2)S conversion during discharge-charge have seriously hindered their practical application,and also pose potential safety hazards.Owing to their superior porous architectures,high specific surface areas,excellent structural designability,functional modifiability,abundant active sites and flexibility of carbon-containing electrospun nanofibers(CENFs),they exhibited the superior characteristics that can simultaneously solve the above issues.In this review,we summarize the recent progress and application of CENFs in LSBs.First,we provide a brief introduction to the structure and composition controlled of carbon nanofibers by electrospinning.We then review progress in recent developments of CENFs for LSBs including cathodes,anodes,separators,and interlayers.We focus on how to solve practical issues that arise when the CENFs are applied to various parts of LSBs,and the relevant working mechanisms are described,from high sulfur loading and Li dendrites suppression to LiPSs’confinement and conversion.Finally,we summarize and propose the existing challenges and future prospects of CENFs,for the design and architecture of electrochemical components in Li-S energy storage systems.

AI_4C_3 Hydration Thermochemical Analysis for Burned Carbon-containing Refractories with Al

In this paper, X-ray diffractogram analysis and SEM observation of Al$ C$ formed at high temperature from carbon-containing refractories ivith Al have been carried out. Aluminum added to carbon-containing refractories reacts with C（s） to form Al^ C^（s） gradually during heating from 600 ’C to 1200^0 . It is considered that the interlocked structure of Al^ C-$ plate crystals promotes the outstanding increase of hot modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories with Al. The HMOR of carbon-containing refractories added with Al additive from 0 to 5wt% increases by 2.8 times being from 6.5MPa to 18.2MPa. After a thermochemical calculation for hydration reaction processes ofAl^C^ and H^O （g）, the equilibrium partial pressure chart ofH^O （g） in H^O-A^C^-Al^ OH)} system vs various temperatures has been attained . The H2 0 （g） partial pressure in the air needed for the Al^ C3 hydration reaction is no more than 10;18 atm at the temperature below 120t . It is considered that the burned carbon-containing re

Study on the volatilization kinetics of zinc in carbon-containing pellets made of Zn-bearing dusts

A study was carried out on the volatilization kinetics of Zn in the pellets made of Zn-bearing dusts mixed with coal powder in a nitrogen atmosphere and within the temperature range between 1 100℃and 1 300℃. The study shows that the reduction temperature has a significant effect on the volatilization rate of zinc and that either the coal particle size or the excess carbon content has no effect on the volatilization rate. The obtained activation energy for the volatilization of zinc is 79.42 kJ/mol. The volatilization rate of zinc is controlled by the reaction between the zinc oxides and CO.

Effect of One/Two-dimensional Bonding Phases on Strength and Toughness of Carbon-containing Refractories

Gaseous phases of carbon-containing and metastable oxides will be resulted from the carbonization of phenolic resin binders and the reduced reactions between C and oxides at high temperatures in carbon-containing refractories. With the in-situ catalysis technique, these gaseous phases can be transformed to one-or two-dimensional bonding phases by deposition,which is favorable for the improvement on strength and toughness of carboncontaining refractories,especially low carbon refractories. The research results reveal that：（ 1） the amorphous carbon resulted from phenolic resin can be transformed to carbon nanotubes,thus,the oxidation peak temperature is raised from 506 to 664. 6 ℃;（ 2） onedimensional whiskers of MgO or Mg Al2 O4 can be in-situ formed in MgO-C refractories, and their CMOR,CCS,rupture displacement and residual CCS（ two water quenching cycles,1 100 ℃） are increased by 66%,47%,13% and 26%,respectively;（ 3） two-dimensional array structure of flake β-SiAlON can be in-situ formed in Al2 O3-C refractories,which improves the material strength by 60% and decreases the residual strength after thermal shock by only 4. 5 MPa. It is believed that the in-situ formation of one-or two-dimensional bonding phases at high temperatures can improvethe comprehensive thermal physical properties of carboncontaining refractories,and will be the developing trend of the strengthening and toughening of low carbon-containing refractories.

Sulfi de ore prospecting in carbon-containing stratum using comprehensive time-domain induced polarization and controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics

Carbon-bearing stratum normally features low resistance and high polarization.If the lithostratigraphy of the exploration area contains large amounts of carbon,the induced polarization anomaly caused by metal sulfide ore bodies will be inundated by the high polarization of carbon-containing wall rock.In this work,we adopted time-domain induced polarization(TDIP)and controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics(CSAMT)on deep prospecting of the carbon-bearing stratum of the Ar Horqin Banner,Inner Mongolia.The underground medium is divided into target geologic bodies according to the geological information within the known exploration line borehole,and the physical properties of various target geologic bodies are calculated using weighted averages to build a geologic-geophysical model that can fit the observation data.Consequently,we can determine the range and morphological characteristics of the electrical properties of the ore-bearing geologic bodies in the inversion results in the study area.Then we can use the characteristics summarized from the known exploration line to interpret unknown exploration line.Results indicated that,when the diff erence in physical properties between the ore body and interference wall rock is not clear,the geologic body can be classifi ed via the paragenetic(associated)assemblage relations of the underground medium.Geological interpretation is guided by the comprehensive physical properties of ore-bearing geologic bodies to avoid interferences.

A review on graphite surface modification methods towards low carbon-containing refractories

The rapid development of iron and steel metallurgy technology has promoted the continuous innovation and iteration of carbon-containing refractories for clean steel smelting.To meet the high-quality requirements for clean steel production and full exploit the performance advantages of carbon-containing refractories in dynamic smelting environment,it is necessary to explore the role of graphite and modified graphite in carbon-containing refractories.Based on this,graphite surface modification methods,including surfactants,surface oxidation,and surface coating,and their applications in carbon-containing refractories are reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed for practical use.Furthermore,combined with the existing problems,the application prospect of improved graphite in carbon-containing refractories is discussed.

Hot Load Deformation of Light-weight Insulating Fireclay Bricks

The hot load deformation tests of four kinds of insulating fireclay bricks were carried out using a high temperature creep furnace from Sinosteel Luoyang hlstitute of Refractories Reseorch Co. , Ltd. The testing load was fixed at 0. 069 MPa and the total testing time was with- in 6 h including the holding time of 1.5 h. The hot load defi〉rmation process of insulating fireclay bricks can be divided into three steps ： （ 1 ） expansion step from room temperature to RUL Tmax;（ 2 ） quick shrinkage step be- tween. RUL T and Ttest; 3 ） relatively slow shrinkage step during holding process. The deformation rate at the beginning of holding process （D0h） should be controlled withi, ＋0. 1%. The hot load deformation testing tem- perature of insulating fireclay bricks was optimized as the value of RUL T plus 220℃.

Fireclay Refractory Mortars

1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of fireclay refractory mortars.

Fireclay Refractory Bricks for Hot Blast Stove

This standard specifies the classification, shape, dimension, technical requirements, test method, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certification of fireclay refractory bricks for hot blast stove.

Fireclay Refractory Bricks for Glass Melting Furnace

This standard is applicable to fireclay refractory bricks with unit weight ≥ 50 kg for glass melting furnaces.

Fireclay Refractory Bricks

This standard specifies the classification, brand, shape, dimension, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedures, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of fireclay refractory bricks.

Low Porosity Fireclay Bricks for Glass Melting Furnace

This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of low porosity fireclay bricks for glass melting furnace.

Fireclay Brick and Semi-silica Brick for Coke Oven

1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of fireclay brick and semi-silica brick for coke oven.

碳热还原粘土合成Al_2O_3/SiC复相陶瓷粉末

本文以苏州土与碳黑为原料 ,研究了其在高温下的反应过程及一些工艺参数对反应产物的影响 ,结果表明 :1 )反应过程包括高岭石矿物的分解及还原过程 ,两个过程反应程度不同 ,可获得不同相组成的陶瓷粉末。2 )在一定温度下 ,粘土中引入合适的碳含量能制备出高Al2 O3 与SiC含量的复相粉末 (Al2 O3 50 % ,SiC 4 0 % )。 3 )碳热还原法是合成粒径细小。

以用后硅砖、黏土砖和滑板砖为原料合成莫来石

以用后Al2O3-C滑板砖、用后硅砖和用后黏土砖为原料合成莫来石,研究了原料种类(用后滑板砖+用后硅砖、用后滑板砖+用后黏土砖),Al2O3、SiO2摩尔比(3.5:2、3:2和2.5:2)和合成温度(1550、1600℃)对合成莫来石材料的相组成、显微结构和抗折强度的影响。结果表明:1)以用后滑板砖+用后硅砖或用后滑板砖+用后黏土砖为原料,在1550或1600℃保温4h均可以合成出莫来石材料。2)最适宜的合成工艺参数为:以用后滑板砖和用后黏土砖为原料,按Al2O3、SiO2摩尔比为3.5:2配料,在1600℃保温4h煅烧。3)以最适宜的工艺参数合成的试样中,主晶相莫来石的相对含量达96.3%,次晶相为少量的刚玉,无石英相存在;莫来石晶体的长径比大,彼此均匀交联,结构较为致密;试样的抗折强度达65MPa。

河南赵沟耐火粘土矿床地质特征及控矿因素

河南赵沟耐火粘土矿赋存于奥陶系碳酸盐岩古风化剥蚀面上,含矿层位为上石炭统本溪组,为一大型耐火粘土矿床。通过对矿区地质特征、含矿岩系特征、矿体特征等综合研究,分析其控矿因素,为下一步矿区深部和邻近矿区找矿具有参考意义。

氮化硅结合碳化硅砖在竖罐炼锌炉上的应用

介绍了氮化硅结合碳化硅砖在东岭锌业竖罐炼锌炉上替代黏土结合碳化硅砖服役过程中面临的问题、采取的措施以及取得的效果,并对比研究了服役20个月后两种砖的损毁情况。结果表明:1)与黏土结合碳化硅相比,氮化硅结合碳化硅拥有更高的热导率,在服役时高温区温控降低约30℃。2)氮化硅结合碳化硅的抗侵蚀性强于黏土结合碳化硅的,服役20个月后高温区域残砖厚度比黏土结合碳化硅的大40~50 mm。3)氮化硅结合碳化硅砖在服役过程中由于热应力得不到充分释放会不断产生漏点及长裂纹。通过调整打悬矿时的温度制度,可以在一定程度上解决该问题;后期如果能开发出更高效的漏点喷补技术,有望提高氮化硅结合碳化硅砖的使用寿命。

河南省焦作市焦谷堆耐火黏土矿床地质特征及矿床成因

区内耐火黏土矿为沉积型床,含矿岩系为石炭系本溪组。本溪组含矿两层,仅中矿层发育。中矿层赋存于本溪组中段,埋深0~165m,东西长约5.7km,南北宽约0.7km,总体呈较规则的多边形;矿层形态比较简单,呈层状分布,总体倾向南东,倾角0°~12°;矿层属较稳定型,均厚2.88m。根据岩矿石微量元素、岩性特征、古生物特征,结合区域构造环境分析,区内耐火黏土矿形成于构造稳定、气候湿润的陆相淡水环境,古水体呈有氧—还原特征,成矿物质主要来源奥陶系碳酸盐岩、次为周边古陆硅酸岩。

混合表面活性剂存在下镁与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮显色反应的研究与应用

研究了溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）和乳化剂OP混合表面活性剂存在下二溴羟基苯基荧光酮（DBH-PF）与镁的显色反应。在碱性条件下，镁与DBH－PF、CPB形成1：2：2的蓝色三元络合物，其λmax＝624nm，表观摩尔吸光系数为1.36×105L·mol-1·cm-1，Mg（Ⅱ）量在0～0．2μg·ml-1范围内符合比尔定律。该方法用于硅质砂岩、粘土以及水中镁的测定，结果满意。

焦炉热修补用半干法喷补料的开发与应用

以煅烧高岭土、硬质黏土熟料、SiO2微粉等为主要原料,选用不同的结合剂和添加剂,研制出适合于焦炉炭化室炉壁喷补用半干法喷补料,此种焦炉热修补用喷补料加水量少、反弹率低、挂料时间长,达到并超过国外同类产品。