Effects of Different Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Flue-cured Tobacco Production

[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.

Variance Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Partial Production and Quality Characters of Different Tobacco Varieties

Objective] This study was conducted to discuss growth characteristics and partial production and quality characters of different varieties, so as to provide can-didates for tobacco production as wel as a theoretical basis for variety deployment in Guizhou. [Method] ‘K326’ was used as control, the experiment for variance analysis of growth characteristics and partial production and quality characters of dif-ferent tobacco varieties was carried out in Fengsan Town, Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province in 2015. [Result] GY8 grew faster in early stages and slower in late stages, the growth periods of GY2 （130 d） and GY5（129 d） were the longest, while those of Yun85 （121 d） and Yun87 （121 d） were the shortest; and GY2, GY5 and GY8 had larger plant heights, maximum leaf widths and maximum leaf areas, and Yun85, Yun87 and K326 showed larger stem girths and maximum leaf lengths. Yun87 exhibited lower natural incidences of diseases, while Yun85 and GY8 showed higher incidences of diseases. GY2, GY5 and GY8 had higher nicotine, total nitro-gen, K and Cl contents, while Yun85, Yun87 and K326 had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents and higher total sugar/nicotine ratio. Yun85 and Yun87 showed better economic characters, while GY5 and GY8 showed poorer economic characters. [Conclusion] Yun85 and Yun87 have quality characters better than GY2 and GY8, field natural incidences of diseases lower than GY2 and GY8, and better economic characters, and thus could serve as candidates in future flue-cured tobac-co production in Guizhou.

Study on Toxicity of 9 Biocontrol Microbial Products to Adult Population of Tobacco Beetle,Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)

[Objectives]The paper was to study the toxicity of 9 biocontrol microbial products to adult population of Lasioderrma serricorne.[Methods]Nine biocontrol microbes were used as test materials to study their toxicity to the experimental population of L.serricorne adults.[Results]The toxicities of these biocontrol microbes from low to high at 5 d post spraying were:Luhai Beauveria bassiana powder(LC_(50)=462.752×10^(8) spores/L),Meichongzhi B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=9713.157×10^(8) spores/L),Yiqiang Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=11203.321×10^(8)spores/L),Nongbao Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=12188.866×10^(8) spores/L),Yeshengwang B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=21685.532×10^(8) spores/L);Fatu Bacillus thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=1.0844×10^(8) IU/L),Laojite B.thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=2.056×10^(8) IU/L),Lujinwa B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=2.273×10^(8) IU/L),Nongbao Bio B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=18.399×10^(8) spores/L).The toxicities of these biocontrol microbes from low to high at 10 d post spraying were:Nongbao Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=0.072×10^(8) spores/L),Yiqiang Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=2.484×10^(8) spores/L),Luhai B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=44.551×10^(8) spores/L),Meichongzhi B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=96.447×10^(8) spores/L),Yeshengwang B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=723.347×10^(8) spores/L);Lujinwa B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=0.0001×10^(8) IU/L),Fatu B.thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=0.045×10^(8) IU/L),Laojite B.thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=0.0644×10^(8) IU/L),Nongbao Bio B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=1.899×10^(8) spores/L).The toxicities of these biocontrol microbes from low to high at 15 d post spraying were:Meichongzhi B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=0.001×10^(8) spores/L),Nongbao Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=0.01×10^(8) spores/L),Yiqiang Bio B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=0.084×10^(8) spores/L),Luhai B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=2.370×10^(8) spores/L),Yeshengwang B.bassiana powder(LC_(50)=8.915×10^(8)spores/L);Lujinwa B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=0.16×10^(4) IU/L),Laojite B.thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=0.185×10^(4) IU/L),Fatu B.thuringiensis suspension(LC_(50)=32.211×10^(4) IU/L),Nongbao Bio B.thuringiensis powder(LC_(50)=1590×10^(4) spores/L).[Conclusions]According to the three stages of tube rubbing,it is found that the control effects of Lujinwa B.thuringiensis powder and Meichongzhi B.bassiana powder are the best,and the results will provide technical support for the biological control of L.serricorne adults.

Problems in the Innovation of Tobacco Production Organization Mode in Sichuan Province and Recommendations

We summarize the main forms of tobacco production organization in Sichuan Province,including traditional peasant households,large scale growers,family farms,tobacco farmers' associations,and specialized tobacco cooperatives.In the process of innovation of production organization mode,some problems are pointed out,such as lack of management talents and long-term incentive mechanism,lack of standardization in operation,bottleneck in land and financing,low economic benefits of cooperatives,and difficulty in protecting farmers' interests and rights.We put forth the following recommendations for advancing the innovation of tobacco production organization mode in Sichuan Province:forming the longterm mechanism for supporting the innovation of production organization forms;standardizing the operation of the specialized cooperative organizations;strengthening personnel training,and establishing tobacco farmers' principal position;expanding cooperative economic production organizations,and achieving moderate concentration of land size;strengthening information services,to boost the development of cooperative production organizations.

Principles and Ways of Innovation on Organizational Model of Tobacco Production in China

The innovation of organizational model of tobacco production is the key to realization of sustainable development of tobacco production in China. From the perspective of sustainable development, we analyze the necessity of innovation of organizational model of tobacco production, put forward the principles on innovation of organizational model of tobacco production, and offer corresponding recommendations for the ways of innovation of organizational model of tobacco production.

Structure and Change of Costs for Flue-cured Tobacco Production:A Case Study of Liuyang Tobacco Growing Areas

On the basis of consulting related information and data,costs for flue-cured tobacco production were surveyed and analyzed with Liuyang tobacco growing areas as an example.Results showed that there is rise and fall in fertilizer cost for flue-cured tobacco production;change in pesticide and agricultural plastic film is little;other costs for flue-cured tobacco production rise rapidly in recent years.Besides,there is certain reduction in labor units per mu for flue-cured tobacco production;labor price has an annual growth rate of 15%-25%.The proportion of labor cost to total cost for flue-cured tobacco production is increasing,thus rise of labor cost is the major factor promoting rise of costs for flue-cured tobacco production.Through adjustment of purchasing price and various subsidies,the change of per mu yield is a decisive factor influencing benefits of flue-cured tobacco production.

Study on the Production Benefit of Large-scale Tobacco Growers

The tobacco growers with the growing area of greater than or equal to 100 mu,have become an important subject of tobacco production in Weng'an County of Guizhou Province. Regulating and developing the production and business activities of large-scale tobacco growers, plays an important role in stabilizing tobacco production,reducing costs and increasing efficiency in Weng'an County. Through the field survey of large-scale growers' production activities,this article analyzes the input and output levels,and explores the key factors influencing benefit, in order to provide a basis for further regulating the tobacco growing practices and improving the flue-cured tobacco production benefit.

Effect of the Growth Promoter VIUSID Agro on the Morphophysiological and Productive Performance of Tobacco Growth(Nicotiana tabacum L.)

With the objective of evaluating the effect of VIUSID agro on the morphophysiological and productive performance of tobacco seedlings,a randomised block experiment was designed with five treatments and three replications.The variants were:dosage of 0.2,0.5,0.7 and 1.0 L/ha and one control.The variables are recorded at three points of the cultivation cycle 10th,20th and 30th days after planting(DAP).Among the indicators evaluated were the fresh and dry mass of the plants,the leaves per plant,foliar area,the length and diameter of the stalk as well as the characteristics of the root.The rates of physiological growth and agricultural yield were also evaluated.The results showed a significant increase(p≤0.05)in the fresh and dry mass of the plants when VIUSID was used.Regarding the length of the stalk,the average increases of those treated in comparison to the control in the final evaluation were 28.42%,30.51%,41.17%and 38.43%.In terms of the diameter of the stalk and the foliar area in all evaluations,the treatments with VIUSID significantly exceeded the control.The absolute growth rate and net assimilation was significantly higher when the product was used.In the relative growth rate,the most favourable behaviour was the dosage of 0.5 L/ha,in final evaluation.With regard to yield,the best performance with significant differences(p≤0.05)to the other treatments was the dosage of 0.5,0.7 and 1.0 L/ha.Therefore,VIUSID agro had a positive influence on the morphophysiological and productive indicators of the tobacco seedlings.

Tobacco Production Baseline Survey in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya Districts, Mara Region

Using 2009/2010 cropping season survey data from 181 randomly selected smallholder tobacco farmers, this study provides baseline information on tobacco farming in Mara region. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Result indicates that farmers adopted tobacco farming from tobacco farmers in Kenya. Drought and inadequate supply of inputs were identified as the major production constraints. Others were incidence of pests and diseases, shortage of fire woods, poor extension services and hailstones. Low selling price and contradicting grading systems were the major tobacco marketing constraints. The study also revealed that access to extension services was similar across study districts with over 65.7% of the respondents accessing technical expertise mainly from Alliance One Tanzania employees. Given the positive and negative impacts of tobacco farming, majority of the respondents （95.6%） still were willing to proceed with tobacco farming as their main source of income. However, watermelon, maize and sunflower were ranked as first priority alternative cash crops to tobacco in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya districts, respectively. This study concludes that tobacco farming still is the main household income source; hence, more investment is required to ensure sustainable economic develooment of rural communities in Mara reeion.

Study on Tobacco Leave Lean Production Management System

In recent years, tobacco lean production infrastructure is almost full-fledged through development, and professional service scope expands accordingly. Hence, the developing emphasis has transformed from hardware facilities improvement to software updating of lean management and precise work. With related documents released by China Tobacco and Guizhou Tobacco, the achievement of comprehen- sive lean management probably becomes one of the key goals for the future devel- opment of tobacco business. The construction goal of tobacco leaves lean produc- tion management system is to internalize technology, information, human resources, material and other production elements into value stream of flue-cured tobacco pro- duction, and strict control value stream of input costs and output benefits, and then create management profit, promote enterprise, core competitiveness. The lean pro- duction management is both extension and expansion of modern tobacco agriculture, closely related to agricultural standardization and GAP management, which is based on professional service training and production machinery upgrading, with team management and station working as carriers, and information feedback, key quality monitoring and benefit evaluation as assessment references.

不同尺寸片烟游离氨基酸和阿马杜里化合物差异分析

【目的】明确打叶复烤后不同尺寸片烟游离氨基酸和阿马杜里(Amadori)化合物的变化规律,为稳定卷烟质量和调整配方提供理论依据。【方法】以河南中烟工业有限责任公司6个中间香型烤烟多等级配打模块打叶后的片烟为研究对象,经叶片振动分选筛筛分后得到大片、中片、小片、碎片和碎末5种不同尺寸的片烟,分别测定其游离氨基酸和阿马杜里化合物含量,并对其分别进行差异显著性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】(1)不同尺寸片烟21种游离氨基酸总量为14 586.82~18 614.04μg/g,其中脯氨酸、天冬酰胺、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量较高;不同尺寸片烟17种阿马杜里化合物总量为21 674.68~29 371.17μg/g,其中果糖-脯氨酸(Fru-Pro)、果糖-丙氨酸(Fru-Ala)、果糖-氨基丁酸(Fru-Amb)和果糖-天冬酰胺(Fru-Asn)含量较高;不同尺寸片烟在多个游离氨基酸组分、阿马杜里化合物组分及阿马杜里化合物总量上存在显著差异。(2)主成分分析表明,游离氨基酸前3个主成分的累积方差贡献率为89.89%,表明这3个主成分可以反映21个变量(游离氨基酸成分)的大部分信息;阿马杜里化合物前4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为88.95%,表明这4个主成分能够反映17个变量(阿马杜里化合物)的大部分信息。(3)聚类分析结果表明,根据游离氨基酸主成分综合得分,可将不同尺寸片烟聚为3类,其中大片、中片和小片烟聚为一类;碎片烟和碎末烟各自单独聚为一类;根据阿马杜里化合物主成分综合得分,可将不同尺寸片烟聚为2类,其中大片、中片和小片烟聚为一类;碎片烟和碎末烟聚为一类。【结论】大片片烟和中片片烟具有较好的品质,工业可用性较高;碎片烟和碎末烟品质较差,在打叶复烤时应尽量减少其产出。

气相色谱-质谱法测定加热卷烟气溶胶中14种焦甜香成分

建立气相色谱-质谱法测定加热卷烟气溶胶中14种焦甜香成分释放量。采用直线型吸烟机,在HCI(加拿大深度)抽吸模式下对加热卷烟进行抽吸,采用剑桥滤片对加热卷烟气溶胶进行捕集,用二氯甲烷溶液萃取剑桥滤片,萃取液经过滤后用气相色谱-质谱法测定,以选择离子监测(SIM)模式采集质谱数据,以D8-苯乙酮作为内标定量分析。14种焦甜香化合物的质量浓度在0.1~80μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.998,方法检出限为0.004~0.028μg/mL,定量限为0.012~0.093μg/mL。空白样品加标回收率为85.0%~110.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.84%~9.48%(n=5)。该方法简单快速、测定结果准确可靠,适用于加热卷烟气溶胶中14种焦甜香成分的定量测定。

偏最小二乘辅助紫外可见光谱法同时测定烟草中的葡萄糖与木糖含量

烟草中含有葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、木糖等多种糖类物质,占据烟草干重的25%~50%,是烟草的重要组成部分,也是评估烟草内在品质的重要指标。不同的糖类物质在卷烟燃烧过程中会生成不同产物,从而直接或间接地影响卷烟的香气和口感。建立烟草中各种单糖的测定方法,对烟草制品的质量控制具有现实意义。传统的检测方法如费林试剂法、连续流动分析法只能对烟草中的水溶性糖或总糖含量进行测定,无法对单一糖组分进行定量检测;气相色谱、液相色谱等方法虽能检测出不同单项,但是存在样品前处理过程麻烦、检测耗时较长等局限性。该工作在传统间苯三酚显色法测定木糖的基础上,以显色机理对该方法进行改进,解决了该检测体系下葡萄糖显色效果不佳的技术问题,可通过紫外可见光谱技术简单、高效地实现对烟草及卷烟制品中葡萄糖和木糖含量的精准测定。当同时测定上述两种糖组分时,由于二者的紫外可见光谱出峰位置相近,会相互影响彼此的测量准确性。为消除这一干扰,采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立光谱分析的多元校正模型,辅助改进后的间苯三酚法对烟草及其制品中葡萄糖和木糖含量进行同时检测。研究结果表明:改进后的间苯三酚法对于葡萄糖和木糖的单糖溶液,浓度分别在0.05~0.4和0.10~0.80 mmol·L^(-1)范围内时线性关系良好,该方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.001 7、 0.005 7 mmol·L^(-1)和0.007 2、 0.024 mmol·L^(-1),批内变异系数的范围为0.69%~3.03%,加标回收率范围为96.72%~102.85%,提取液中木素含量对测定结果没有显著干扰。对于葡萄糖和木糖组成的混糖溶液,采用外部检验对模型效果进行评价,外部检验集的预测值与理论值的相关系数R^(2)=0.994 7,相对偏差小于10%。该方法能够快速准确的测定烟草及烟草制品中葡萄糖和木糖含量,为烟草行业提供一种有效的单糖分析方法。

基于增量式PID算法的香精施加系统设计

为解决加热不燃烧烟草制品生产过程中香精施加量无法根据薄片质量变化进行实时调控的问题,设计了一种基于增量式PID算法的香精施加系统。该系统由称重单元、螺杆泵、喷嘴、流量传感器等组成,通过称重单元实时获取薄片质量数据,根据理论计算模型确定香精施加量,基于增量式PID算法驱动螺杆泵定量输出香精至喷嘴中,利用流量传感器对香精施加量实时反馈,实现香精精准施加。验证结果表明,当薄片质量发生变化时,香精施加量可快速调整,最大超调量为1%,最长调整时间为1.8 s,系统具有较好的跟踪性能;施加量检测值与理论值的偏移率为0.23%~0.52%,施加量组内波动为3.11%~4.17%,系统可实现香精的准确、均匀、稳定施加。

烟叶精益生产模式的建设路径及实践成效探析——以普洱市景东县为例

近年来精益生产正逐步向农业生产领域渗透,为农业生产的结构转型提供了良好契机。为推动景东产区烟草农业的现代化建设,解除烟叶发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续等因素的制约,实现烟叶生产降工减本、提质增效、可持续发展的核心目标,以广东中烟优质基地单元建设为载体,通过对景东产区烟叶生产现状的分析,结合实际探索烟叶精益生产模式的建设路径,以及对其实践成效进行评价分析。通过实践建设,初步建立了良性发展的管理机制,取得了良好的经济效益,逐步完善了广东中烟普洱基地单元高端烟叶原料定制化生产技术体系,提升了烟农收益水平以及基地原料保障水平,并对于持续推进景东县烟叶精益生产模式建设的思考进行了进一步的探析。

适宜凉山产区烟叶质量的植烟密度研究

[目的]对彰显凉山产区烟叶质量的适宜植烟密度进行研究。[方法]以云烟85为试验材料,采用小区对比试验,设置4个植烟密度处理,在2个行距移栽规格下,使用行株距进行试验。[结果]900和1000株/hm^(2)处理的农艺性状表现较好。900株/hm^(2)处理烤后烟叶的均价和上等烟比例较高,经济效益较好。900株/hm^(2)处理外观质量评价得分最高,表现较好。当行距为120 cm时,900株/hm^(2)处理总糖、还原糖含量较高,烟碱含量较高且适宜,钾氯比适宜。在行距为110 cm时,900株/hm^(2)处理烟碱含量适宜,氮碱比最接近最佳值,钾氯比最高且适宜,使得该处理化学成分表现较好。900株/hm^(2)处理烟叶香气质、香气量、余味且感官质量总分得分较高,质量档次较好。[结论]凉山烟区烟叶适宜种植密度为900株/hm^(2),该处理各指标均表现较好。

不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响

【目的】探索不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响。【方法】通过控制单支加热卷烟香精总量在一定的允差范围内,设计6组薄荷味加热卷烟并考察了烟碱、丙三醇、薄荷醇和N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺(WS-23)的释放规律。【结果】(1)对于烟碱和丙三醇,6组加热卷烟中烟碱的释放率和转移率都要大于丙三醇。(2)对于薄荷醇和WS-23,6组加热卷烟的释放率和转移率均存在较大差异,其中1#、2#、5#加热卷烟的释放率和转移率较高。释放率和转移率的波动受加热卷烟各段加香差异的影响。(3)每种成分的释放量均表现出先增大再减小的趋势,其中5#加热卷烟表现出相对较好的稳定性。

基于高光谱成像技术烟叶田间高效氯氟氰菊酯用量的快速检测技术研究

为了能够有效预防烟叶田间用药过量所产生的农药残留危害,加强烟叶生产过程中的农药用量管控,研究了不同用量高效氯氟氰菊酯处理下的田间鲜烟叶高光谱曲线特征并构建了预测模型。应用可见—近红外高光谱成像系统(400~900 nm)采集不同浓度(CK、1∶2000,1∶1000,1∶350)的高效氯氟氰菊酯处理24 h后的鲜烟叶样本的高光谱图像。使用4种常用的光谱预处理方法进行数据预处理,分别采用连续投影法(SPA)、竞争性自适应重加权采样法(CARS)进行数据降维,最后分别构建了最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和随机森林(RF)模型预测模型。结果表明:(1)光谱数据经二阶导数(D2)预处理后,LSSVM和RF模型的准确率均达到100%,经一阶导数(D1)预处理后,RF测试集准确率也达到100%;(2)SPA特征选择数量少于CARS,其中D1预处理后经SPA特征选择的波长数量最少;(3)综合考虑模型复杂度和稳定性,最终选择D1-SPA-RF为最优预测模型,选择11个特征波长,测试集准确率为97.70%。基于高光谱图像的D1-SPA-RF模型预测性能优异,可用于烟叶田间高效氯氟氰菊酯用量的快速检测。

玉米秸秆还田形态对棕壤性土土壤肥力及烤烟产量品质的影响

为探究不同形态秸秆还田对棕壤性土植烟土壤肥力的影响效应,以不施秸秆为对照(CK),设置玉米秸秆粉碎1 cm(FS1)、粉碎5 cm(FS5)、粉碎10 cm(FS10)和秸秆粉末1 mm(FM)4种形态的秸秆还田试验,表征0~20 cm土层土壤物理性质、养分状况以及土壤酶活性,并综合评价土壤肥力质量以及烤烟产质量。两年试验结果表明,(1)与CK相比,秸秆还田处理均能改善土壤物理性状,可降低土壤容重2.88%~10.99%,提高田间持水量5.96%~34.02%,降低土层平均穿透阻力19.17%~25.87%,以FS5处理的降低或提升效果最显著(P<0.05);(2)不同形态秸秆还田对土壤碳氮的提升具有差异,FS5和FM处理能较CK显著增加土壤总有机碳含量74.08%和44.84%(P<0.05),FS1、FS5和FS10处理分别显著增加微生物量碳含量80.79%、125.31%和70.39%(P<0.05),以FS5处理增加量最高,同时能分别提升土壤全氮、碳氮比和硝态氮含量34.40%、20.22%和749.06%(P<0.05);(3)与CK相比,不同形态秸秆还田分别显著提升土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性52.40%~222.39%和6.19%~26.88%,以FS5处理的提升幅度最高(P<0.05);(4)土壤肥力评价结果表明,FS5处理综合质量得分最高(0.72),可作为提升棕壤性土植烟土壤肥力的有效秸秆形态,其中,土壤硝态氮、土壤微生物量碳和纤维素酶是影响土壤肥力的关键因子;(5)FS1和FS5处理可增加烤后烟产量8.46%~23.34%。综上所述,不同秸秆还田形态在短期内可改善棕壤性土植烟土壤的理化性状和酶活性,其中以秸秆粉碎5 cm还田效果较好,可实现土壤综合肥力的快速提升。

烟秆生物质炭基肥施用对烤烟产质量的影响

为探讨烟秆生物质炭基肥施用对烤烟产质量及病害发生的影响,以烤烟品种‘红花大金元’、‘K326’、‘云烟87’为研究对象,设置1个常规施肥处理(CK)和3个烟秆生物质炭基肥不同施用量处理(T1为400 g/株,T2为500 g/株,T3为600 g/株),测定不同品种及处理下的烤烟生育期、农艺性状、发病率、经济性状、化学成分。结果表明:(1)与对照处理相比,施入烟秆生物质炭基肥均能延长烤烟‘红花大金元’、‘K326’、‘云烟87’的各生育期,且能显著提高烤烟的株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶长和叶宽,其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时对烟株生长发育促进效果最佳。(2)施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理的烟草花叶病、野火病和气候性斑点病发病率显著低于对照处理,其中‘红花大金元’和‘K326’的施用量为600 g/株、‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时烟株病害发生率最低。(3)施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理的烟草产量、均价、中上等烟比例和产值显著高于对照处理,其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时对提高烟株产质量促进效果最佳。(4)施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理后,‘红花大金元’能显著降低烟叶总糖、还原糖含量,并且使得烟叶总氮、氧化钾和水溶性氯含量更适宜,‘K326’和‘云烟87’能使烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾和水溶性氯含量显著趋于适宜范围,其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时烟株烟叶化学成分含量最适宜。综上,‘红花大金元’施用600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’施用500 g/株的烟杆生物质炭基肥对烟株生长效果最佳。