Carboxy Cellulose as Cathode Interfacial Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Green, biodegradable, and eco-friendly interface materials based on cellulose and its derivatives were prepared for organic solar cells(OSCs). In this work, calcium and two derivatives of cellulose with different carboxy acid groups, denoted as Cellulose-COOH and Cellulose-(COOH)n, were used as cathode interfacial layers of OSCs, and a blend of the low-band-gap semiconducting polymers thieno[3, 4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene(PTB7)and [6, 6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC71BM) was chosen as the photoactive layer. OSCs were fabricated with a configuration of indiumdoped tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT: PSS)/PTB7: PC71BM/Ca or Cellulose-COOH or Cellulose-(COOH)n/Al. As a result, the effect of cellulose-COOH was the best one among them, and the power conversion efficiency(PCE) reached 8.21%for the devices with cathode interfacial layer of Cellulose-COOH, which was better than that of OSCs using calcium as a modifier(PCE=7.95%). The favorable performance is attributed to the reduced work function and improved electron transfer caused by the introduction of carboxy cellulose between the active layer and the electrode. The developed technology shows great potential in accelerating the diversified applications of cellulose and producing cost-effective and eco-friendly interfaces for OSCs.

The spin delocalization substituent parameter σ——8. The spin-delocalizing abilities of the nitro, cyano, carbomethoxy, carboxy and carbamyl groups

The rate constants (k) of the homo-cycloaddition reactions of five substituted α, β, β-tri- fluorostyrenes (TFS’s), i.e. p-nitrotrifluorostyrene (4), p-cyanotrifluorostyrene (5), p-carbomethoxytri- fluorostyrene (6), p-carboxytrifluorostyrene (7) and p-carbamyltrifluorostyrene (8), have been measured in the temperature range of 110-160℃. The ~σmb polar substituent parameters of these TFS's cal- culated from ^(19) F NMR chemical shifts are: NO_2, 0.86; CN, 0.86; CO_2CH_2, 0.40; CO_2H, 0.31; CONH_2, 0.10. The spin delocalization substituent parameters ~σT of NO_2, CN, CO_2 CH_2, CO_2H and CONH_2 are 0.32, 0.38, 0.31, 0.37 and 0.37 respectively. Thus all these electron-pair attracting groups are also very effective spin-stabilizers.

粘胶纤维醚化反应的研究

为制备纤维状离子交换体,研究了粘胶纤维与二氯乙酸(DCA)在碱性介质中的非均相醚化反应。交联型羧乙基粘胶纤维(CCEV纤维)中羧基的形成速率R=k[DCA]～(1.03)[NaOH]～(1.05)(mmol/kgs)。醚化反应的表现活化能在低于66℃时为47.88kJ/mol.高于66℃时为42.73kJ/mol。CCEV纤维具弱酸性阳离子交换特性,含羧基450mmol/kg的CCEV纤维依旧保持纤维形态。

Cellulase Producing Bacteria from the Wood-Yards on Kallai River Bank

This study evaluates the influence of growth parameters such as pH, temperature, Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) concentration and agitation on cellulase production from three bacterial strains, viz., Achromobacter xylosoxidans BSS4, Bacillus sp. BSS3 and Pseudomonas sp. BSS2 isolated from the wood-yards on Kallai river bank in Kerala. Production of cellulase by these isolates was detected using basal salt medium (BSM) with 0.5% CMC as supplement, and CMCase activity was confirmed by iodine test. Dinitrosalicylic acid method was employed for assaying the cellulase production by measuring the amount of glucose liberated in μmol/mL/min. Maximum enzyme production from Pseudomonas sp. BSS2 was at pH 8, 37℃ with 1% CMC and 150 rpm, and cellulase production increased from initial 49.84 U/mL to 91.28 U/mL after optimization. The highest enzyme activity from Bacillus sp. BSS3 was at pH 9, 37℃ with 1% CMC, 150 rpm, and cellulase production increased from initial 26.05 U/mL to 104.68 U/mL after optimization. The maximum enzyme production from A. xylosoxidans BSS4 was at pH 7, 40℃ with 0.5% CMC and 150 rpm, and cellulase production increased from initial 55.28 U/mL to 68.37 U/mL after optimization. Thus among the three isolates, Bacillus sp. BSS3 showed maximum enzyme yield which can be explored for further scale up studies with an industrial perspective.

高晚期糖基化终产物膳食降低阿尔茨海默病小鼠空间学习能力并加速Aβ沉积

越来越多的研究表明,晚期糖基化终产物（advanced glycation end products,AGEs）参与了神经系统退行性病变的过程,包括参与了阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer disease,AD）的发病机制以及β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）的沉积,是AD的一个标志性特征。外源性AGEs形成于加热和辐照食品的过程中,

Selection of a Thermophilic Alkalitolerant Actinomycete and Conditions for CMCase Production

Five thermophilic strains that can degrade cellulose were isolated from the compost of a waste management in Guangzhou, China. Since one of them degraded cellulose effectively, it was chosen as the study strain. Based on its morphology, spores′ susceptibility to heat, cell wall composition and other characteristics, the organism was classified as Thermomonospora fusca. Conditions for production of carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) were examined. The optimal temperature and pH value for enzyme production were 50 ℃ and 10.5, respectively. Cellulosic materials and easily metabolisable carbohydrates served as carbon sources for the growth of the strain. Only cotton, avicel,carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) acted as potent inducers for the production of cellulases by this strain. Despite excellent growth on easily metabolisable carbohydrates, only constitutive levels of cellulases were produced. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for CMCase production were cotton and soybean respectively. The high thermostability, wide pH stability, and cheap nitrogen source show well potential use for composting treatment and commercial detergents.

An Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene is not a disease-causin g mutation for idiopathic Parkinson's disease

To ascertain whether a coding mutation (Ile93Met) in ubiquitin carbo xy terminal hydrolase (UCH L1) gene plays a role in idiopathic Parkinson's di sease (IPD) Methods Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR RFLP) was used to distinguish the wild type (two DNA fragments of 34 and 126 bp ) from the variant allele (three fragments of 34, 60 and 66 bp) because the m utation created a new site for restriction endonuclease BsmF1 DNA was isolated from various blood samples using a phenolchloroform extraction Results Ile93Met substitution was found neither in PD patients nor in controls Conclusions Our study suggested that Ile93Met of UCH L1 gene did not influence risk of IPD

Application of recombinant enzymes in the production of human insulin

In the present study, the cleavage activities of both recombinant and bovine enzymes （trypsin and carboxy peptidase B） were determined using proinsulin fusion protein. The proteolysis products were analyzed with HPLC. We found that recombinant enzymes had stronger activities and produced fewer by-products. In addition, recombinant enzymes were more efficient in the production of human insulin than bovine enzymes.

ESR SPECTRA AND THE STRUCTURES OF OXOVANADIUM (Ⅳ) HISTIDINE COMPLEXES

Complexes of transition metals with histidine play an important role in biochemistry. Walik has studied vanadyl histidine complex by IR at pH=4.5 and suggested that histidine should be coordinated to vanadium atom through amino N and earbexyl O to form a 1:2 complex VO （His）2. Johnson has reported ESR spectra

9-羟基-9-呫吨羧酸甲酯和中间体的合成

9-羟基-9-呫吨羧酸甲酯是合成呫吨类抗胆碱能药物的一种重要的中间体。本文以9-呫吨羧酸为原料,通过微波催化先合成了中间体9-呫吨羧酸甲酯,然后很简便地得到了9-羟基-9-呫吨羧酸甲酯。在中间体的合成中,利用正交设计,探讨了微波辐射时间、功率以及催化剂用量对反应的影响,实验结果表明微波辐射时间的影响最为显著。

Luzhou North Starts up 30 000 T/A Silicone Monomer Project

Luzhou North Chemical Industries Co.,Ltd.(Luzhou North) recently commenced theproduction of the 30 000 t/a silicone monomer project in Luzhou city of Sichuan province.With an investment of RMB430 million,the 30 000 t/a silicone monomer project is thefirst phase of 100 000 t/a silicone monomer project.

Ⅲ. TNE SYNTNESIS OF THE: A CHAIN OF INSULIN AND PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF CRYSTALLINE INSULIN FROM THE SYNTHETIC A CHAIN AND THE NATURAL B CNAIN

The A chain of bovine insulin is composed of twenty-one amino acids arranged in the form of a straight chain heneicosapeptide. There are four cysteine residues in the chain, of which two (in the sixth and the eleventh positions) form with four other amino