Preliminary assessing no-surgical treatment response in bronchogenic carcinoma with double-phase contrast material-enhanced computed tomography

评估双阶段的功效的目的在 preliminarily 在 bronchogenic 癌估计没有外科的治疗反应对比提高材料的计算断层摄影术(CT ) 。有在没有外科的治疗以后的 bronchogenic 癌的 52 个病人经历了双阶段的方法对比提高材料的计算断层摄影术。在非离子的对比材料经由赌注被管理以后，二螺线 CT 扫描分别地在 25 和 90 秒点被获得以由使用一个汽车注射者的 4 mL/s 的率的肘的静脉。每扫描上的 Precontrast 和柱子对比变细被记录，山峰高度是计算的。改进模式在在对比媒介的注射以后在 25 和 90 秒点获得的图象上被评估。结果 Precontrast 变细，在 25 和 90 秒点的柱子对比变细是 42.20 ± 7.43 胡， 57.35 ± 10.09 胡和 71.85 ± 12.45 胡分别地。在 precontrast 变细的统计上重要的差别都没在我们在治疗前在情况中被获得的旧学习(吝啬的 precontrast 变细 40.70 胡) 在学习和结果在我们的结果之间被发现(t = 1.455， P = 0.152 】 0.05 ) 。在没有外科的治疗以后的 bronchogenic 癌的山峰高度(29.46 ± 10.85 胡) 是比在在我们的旧学习获得的治疗前的 bronchogenic 癌的显著地低的(吝啬的山峰高度 35.79 胡；t = 4.206， P = 0.001 【 0.05 ) 。52 个盒子中的 32 个在 90 秒点显示出同类的改进。32 个盒子，与不同类的改进有 21， 7 与不同类的改进， 2 与中央改进并且 2 与在 25 秒点的外部改进。在没有外科的处理以后的结论 Bronchogenic 癌在对比材料的管理以后显示出渐渐的增加到山峰高度。山峰高度能反映 bronchogenic 癌的血供应并且可能是为在 bronchogenic 癌的没有外科的治疗反应的评估的索引。

Application of computed tomography-based radiomics in differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma at the esophagogastric junction

BACKGROUND The biological behavior of carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(CEGJ)is different from that of gastric or esophageal cancer.Differentiating squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(SCCEG)from adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)can indicate Siewert stage and whether the surgical route for patients with CEGJ is transthoracic or transabdominal,as well as aid in determining the extent of lymph node dissection.With the development of neoadjuvant therapy,preoperative determination of pathological type can help in the selection of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens.AIM To establish and evaluate computed tomography(CT)-based multiscale and multiphase radiomics models to distinguish SCCEG and AEG preoperatively.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative contrasted-enhanced CT imaging data of single-center patients with pathologically confirmed SCCEG(n=130)and AEG(n=130).The data were divided into either a training(n=182)or a test group(n=78)at a ratio of 7:3.A total of 1409 radiomics features were separately extracted from two dimensional(2D)or three dimensional(3D)regions of interest in arterial and venous phases.Intra-/inter-observer consistency analysis,correlation analysis,univariate analysis,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression,and backward stepwise logical regression were applied for feature selection.Totally,six logistic regression models were established based on 2D and 3D multi-phase features.The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,the continuous net reclassification improvement(NRI),and the integrated discrimination improvement(IDI)were used for assessing model discrimination performance.Calibration and decision curves were used to assess the calibration and clinical usefulness of the model,respectively.RESULTS The 2D-venous model(5 features,AUC:0.849)performed better than 2D-arterial(5 features,AUC:0.808).The 2D-arterial-venous combined model could further enhance the performance(AUC:0.869).The 3D-venous model(7 features,AUC:0.877)performed better than 3D-arterial(10 features,AUC:0.876).And the 3D-arterial-venous combined model(AUC:0.904)outperformed other single-phase-based models.The venous model showed a positive improvement compared with the arterial model(NRI>0,IDI>0),and the 3D-venous and combined models showed a significant positive improvement compared with the 2D-venous and combined models(P<0.05).Decision curve analysis showed that combined 3D-arterial-venous model and 3D-venous model had a higher net clinical benefit within the same threshold probability range in the test group.CONCLUSION The combined arterial-venous CT radiomics model based on 3D segmentation can improve the performance in differentiating EGJ squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma.

A correlation of computed tomography perfusion and histopathology in tumor edges of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： The peripheral morphologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） reflect tumor growth patterns. Computed tomography （CT） perfusion is a new method to analyze hemodynamic changes in tissues. We assessed the relationship between CT perfusion and histopathologic findings in the periphery of HCC lesions. METHODS： Non-contrast CT, enhanced dual-phase CT, and CT perfusion were performed on 77 subjects （47 patients and 30 controls）. Based on the imaging findings of enhanced dual- phase CT, the tumor edges were classified into three types： type Ⅰ （sharp）; type Ⅱ （blurry）; and type Ⅲ （mixed）. The CT perfusion parameters included hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion. The tissue sections from resected specimens were subjected to routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD34. The correlations between microvessel density （MVD） and the CT perfusion parameters were analyzed using Pearson＇s product-moment correlation coefficient. Changes in the perfusion parameters in tumor edges of different tumor types were evaluated. RESULTS： Type Ⅰ （sharp）： the pathologic findings showed fibrous connective tissue capsules in the tumor edges, and an MVD 〈30/ram2. Type Ⅱ （blurry）： the histology showed that the edges were clear with no capsules and an MVD 〉30/ram2. Type Ⅲ （mixed）： the pathology was similar to that of types I and II, and an MVD 〉30/mm~. Hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion were significantly increased in the tumor edges of HCC patients compared to those of the controls （P〈0.05）. The correlation between CT perfusion parameters and MVD was higher in blurry tumor edges of type II than in those of types Ⅰ or Ⅲ. CONCLUSION： CT perfusion imaging of tumor edges may be helpful in revealing histopathological features, and indirectly reflect angiogenic changes of HCCs.

Eight-year follow-up of locally advanced lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma at upper urinary tract: A case report

BACKGROUND Urinary tract lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is rarely seen.Although it is termed after lymphoepithelioma at the nasopharynx,it behaves more like high grade urothelial carcinoma by immunohistochemical features.Most published literatures focused on its rarity but few discussed results of long-term follow-ups.As no available guidelines are applicable,we postulated that principles should be similar to that of urothelial carcinoma at urinary tract.As of now,this work features the longest follow-up of this cancer at the upper urinary tract.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female had a chief complaint of intermittent left flank pain for 2 mo,along with accompanying symptoms including vomiting and body weight loss,about 7 kg over 2 mo.Laboratory data showed normocytic anemia,mildly poor renal function,and hyperparathyroidism.Urine analysis showed mild hematuria.Computed tomography showed a 4.2-cm-width irregular mass over left renal pelvic and enlarged lymph node at the left renal hilum.Whole-body bone scan was negative of active bone lesions.Biopsy from ureteroscopy showed urothelial carcinoma.Specimen from laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection showed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with muscular invasion(pT3).She took adjuvant chemotherapies of 2 cycles and full courses of radiation therapy.No recurrence was observed with designed investigative programs.CONCLUSION Locally advanced urinary tract lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma could benefit from nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision in terms of recurrence-free survival.

Can visceral fat parameters based on computed tomography be used to predict occult peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer?

BACKGROUND The preoperative prediction of peritoneal metastasis(PM)in gastric cancer would prevent unnecessary surgery and promptly indicate an appropriate treatment plan.AIM To explore the predictive value of visceral fat(VF)parameters obtained from preoperative computed tomography(CT)images for occult PM and to develop an individualized model for predicting occult PM in patients with gastric carcinoma(GC).METHODS A total of 128 confirmed GC cases(84 male and 44 female patients)that underwent CT scans were analyzed and categorized into PM-positive(n=43)and PM-negative(n=85)groups.The clinical characteristics and VF parameters of two regions of interest(ROIs)were collected.Univariate and stratified analyses based on VF volume were performed to screen for predictive characteristics for occult PM.Prediction models with and without VF parameters were established by multivariable logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The mean attenuations of VF_(ROI 1)and VF_(ROI 2)varied significantly between the PM-positive and PMnegative groups(P=0.044 and 0.001,respectively).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs)of VF_(ROI 1)and VF_(ROI 2)were 0.599 and 0.657,respectively.The mean attenuation of VF_(ROI 2)was included in the final prediction combined model,but not an independent risk factor of PM(P=0.068).No significant difference was observed between the models with and without mean attenuation of VF(AUC:0.749 vs 0.730,P=0.339).CONCLUSION The mean attenuation of VF is a potential auxiliary parameter for predicting occult PM in patients with GC.

Multiphase hepatic scans with multirow- detector helical CT in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Multirow-detector helical CT (MDCT) allows faster Z-axis coverage and improves longitudinal re- solution to scan the entire liver. This study was to evaluate the value of multiphase hepatic CT scans using MDCT in diagnosing hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Multiphase hepatic CT scans in 40 patients were carried out with a Marconi Mx8000 MDCT scanner. The scans of early arterial phase (EAP), late arterial phase (LAP) and portal venous phase (PVP) were started at 21, 34 and 85 seconds after injection of contrast medium, re- spectively. The number of detected lesions was calculated in each phase. The density of the liver and tumor was great- er than 1 cm for HCC, and the density of the liver and tumor in each phase was statistically calculated. RESULTS: A total of 61 lesions were found in the 40 pa- tients , and lesions greater than 1 cm were seen in 47 cases. The density differences between the liver and tumor were statistically significant (P<0.05) at the LAP and EAP and between the LAP, EAP and PVP. In the 61 lesions, the de- tectability in the EAP, LAP and the double arterial phases (DAP) was 32%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. Significant difference was found between the LAP plus PVP and the EAP plus PVP; but no significant difference was observed between the DAP plus PVP and the LAP plus PVP. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of MDCT scan in the liver has optimized the protocol of arterial phase scan. MDCT is possible to scan the entire liver in a real arterial phase and it is very valuable in the detection of small HCC.

Correlation between Calcified Liver Metastases and Histopathology of Primary Colorectal Carcinoma in Chinese

The study examined the association between calcified liver metastases and the histopathology of the primary colorectal carcinoma in Chinese.The clinical,pathological and CT data were retrospectively analyzed in 210 patients (mean age:54.2 years) with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma.Plain CT scanning and contrast-enhanced scanning were performed in all the patients.For the contrast-enhanced examination,iohexol was injected by using a high pressure syringe at a flow rate of 2.5-3.0 mL/s.The arterial phase lasted approximately 25 s and the portal venous phase about 60 s.All patients had no history of chronic liver diseases and had never received interventional treatments.χ 2-test was used to analyze the rate of calcification in the liver metastasis from colorectal cancer of different differentiation degrees.Among the 210 cases of liver metastases,22 patients (10.5%) were found to have calcified liver metastases on CT scan.Two patients with calcified liver metastasis received lumpectomy and developed calcification in recurrent tumors.Another two patients had calcification in newly developed tumor masses.And the calcification in the newly developed masses was similar to that of their primary counterparts in terms of morphology and distribution.On the enhanced CT scan,the tumors exhibited no enhancement during hepatic arterial phase and showed slight rim enhancement during portal venous scan in the 22 cases.The calcification became obscure on contrast-enhanced scans.Histopathologically,the primary tumors were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 6 cases,moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 10,poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 4 and mucinous adenocarcinoma in 2 among the 22 cases.No statistical correlation was noted between the incidence of calcified liver metastasis and the pathological subtypes and differentiation degrees of the primary colorectal carcinoma.It was concluded that calcified liver metastases may result from colorectal adenocarcinomata of different differentiation degrees or mucinous adenocarcinomata in Chinese population.There is no correlation between calcification of liver metastases and the pathological subtype of the primary colorectal carcinoma in Chinese,which is different from the findings that calcified metastases were associated with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in other ethnic groups.

Differentiation of Renal Oncocytoma and Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Using Relative CT Enhancement Ratio

Background：The difference between renal oncocytomas （RO） and renal clear cell carcinomas （RCCs） presents the greatest diagnostic challenge.The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine ifRO and RCCs could be differentiated on computed tomography （CT） images on the basis of their enhancement patterns with a new enhancement correcting method.Methods：Forty-six patients with a solitary renal mass who underwent total or partial nephrectomy were included in this study.Fourteen of those were RO and 32 were RCCs.All patients were examined with contrast-enhanced CT.The pattern and degree of enhancement were evaluated.We selected the area that demonstrated the greatest degree of enhancement of the renal lesion in the corticomedullary nephrographic and excretory phase images.Regions of interest （ROI） were also placed in adjacent normal renal cortex for normalization.We used the values of the normal renal cortex that were measured at the same time as divisors.The ratios of lesion-to-renal cortex enhancement were calculated for all three phases.The Student＆#39;s t-test and Pearson＆#39;s Chi-square test were used for statistical analyses.Results：All RCCs masses showed contrast that appeared to be better enhanced than RO on all contrast-enhanced phases of CT imaging,but there was no significant difference in absolute attenuation values between these two diseases （P 〉 0.05）.The ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in the corticomedullary phase showed significantly different values between RO and RCCs.The degree of contrast enhancement in RCCs was equal to or greater than that of the normal renal cortex,but it was less than that of the normal cortex in RO in the corticomedullary phase.The ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in the corticomedullary phase was higher than the cut off value of 1.0 in most RCCs （84%,27/32） and lower than 1.0 in most RO （93%,13/14） （P 〈 0.05）.In the nephrographic phase,the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation was higher than that in the corticomedullary phase in most RO （71%,10/14）,showing a prolonged enhancement pattern; and was lower than that in most RCCs （97%,31/32）,showing an early washout pattern （P 〈 0.05）.In the differentiation of RO from RCCs,the sensitivity was 93%,specificity 84%,positive predictive value 72%,negative predictive value 84%,and accuracy for RO was 87,if the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in a cortex phase was lower than the cutoff value of 1.0.The sensitivity was 71%,specificity was 97%,positive predictive value was 91%,negative predictive value was 91%,and accuracy for RO was 89%,if the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in nephrographic phase was higher than that in the corticomedullary phase.Conclusions：The ratios of renal lesion-to-cortex attenuation ratios may be helpful in differentiating RO from RCCs.

Small hepatocellular carcinoma with peripheral enhancement:pathological correlation with dual phase images by helical CT

Background The peripheral enhancement of small hepatocellular carcinoma （SHCC） is a rare appearance in dual phase images by helical computed tomography （CT）. This study discusses this phenomenon and its correlative histopathology. Methods The helical CT dual phase appearance of peripheral enhancement in SHCC was analyzed in 21 cases （22 lesions）. All lesions were confirmed as SHCC by histopathological examination. Results In these 22 lesions, enhanced peripheral ring in 20 lesions was incomplete, the thickness of enhanced peripheral ring varied and mural node could be found in hepatic arterial phase; only 2 lesions had complete peripheral ring enhancement and ring of uniform thickness in hepatic arterial phase. The enhancement of some peripheral rings and mural nodes dropped to very low density in portal venous phase. The tumour cells were grade I in 3 lesions, II in 16, III in 2 and IV in 1. The vascular supply was more abundant at the border than in the centre of 15 lesions and the vascular supply was deficient in both centre and border of the remaining 7 lesions. In 3 lesions, the pseudocapsule showed in the border of the lesion. In 12 lesions, flecks of necrosis were found in the border and/or centre of the lesion. Conclusions The characteristic peripheral enhancement in helical CT dual phase images of small hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with different vascular supplies, fibrous capsule and necrosis of the lesion.

CT features of colloid carcinomas of the pancreas

Background Colloid carcinomas of the pancreas have better prognosis than ordinary ductal adenocarcinoma, and preoperative distinction of colloid carcinoma from other pancreatic tumors is valuable for patient therapeutic planning and prognosis assessment. However, data about CT features of colloid carcinoma are very limited. This study aimed to investigate the CT features of this tumor. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. Seven patients with pathologically proven colloid carcinoma of the pancreas were included. Unenhanced and dynamic enhanced CT was performed in all the patients. CT features were analyzed retrospectively and correlations with pathological findings were evaluated. Results Mean age of the patients was 59.8 years （41-76 years）. Five tumors were located in the pancreatic head, and the other two in body and tail respectively. The maximum mean diameter of the tumors on axial scanning was 3.9 cm （3.0-6.7 cm）. Tumors were round （n=-5） and Iobular （n=2）. Tumors appeared slight hyp-attenuation on unenhanced CT, and peripheral and internal meshlike progressive delayed enhancement with great percent of cystic areas on enhanced CT. Calcification and gas in the tumor was seen in one patient whose duodenum was invaded by the tumor. Conclusions Colloid carcinomas of the pancreas appear as round or labular masses with great percent of cystic areas and slight hyp-attenuation on unenhanced CT and peripheral and internal meshlike progressive delayed enhancement on enhanced CT.

弥漫实变型细支气管肺泡癌HRCT随访观察

目的 探讨弥漫实变型细支气管肺泡癌 (DCBAC)的HRCT特征和动态变化特点。资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的 7例DCBAC的CT和HRCT表现 ,3例行 3～ 4次CT随访观察。分别记录病变范围、形态表现、动态变化。结果 叶、段型肺实变 7例 ,伴“枯树枝征”4例 ,“蜂窝征”4例 ,叶间裂膨隆 5例 ,磨玻璃密度影 6例和腺泡结节 7例。动态变化 :肺实变范围扩大 ,原为腺泡结节和 /或磨玻璃密度影的区域发展为肺实变。结论 多发的叶、段实变伴“蜂窝征”、叶间裂膨隆和远离实变区的腺泡结节和磨玻璃密度影是DCBAC的特征性表现 ;

早期周围型肺癌的CT诊断(附65例分析)

目的：分析早期周围型肺癌的ＣＴ征象特点，探讨肺癌早期诊断的临床意义以及提高早期肺癌的检出率和ＣＴ诊断的准确性。材料与方法：搜集１９８０～１９９６年６５例其中４１例为查体发现，均经手术与病理证实的ＣＴ检查资料，并进行回顾性分析。结果：本组早期肺癌ＣＴ表现较高的征象有：（１）分叶征５４例（８３％）；（２）细短毛剌和锯齿征５１例（７８４％）；（３）血管集束征４４例（６７７％）；（４）空泡征／细支气管充气征３７例（５７％）；（５）胸膜凹陷征４０例（６１５％）。有５４例（８３％）出现上述３个以上征象。结论：胸部Ｘ线查体，发现病变后进行ＣＴ扫描对周围型肺癌的早期诊断有重要作用；熟悉并掌握基本的ＣＴ征象是提高肺癌早期诊断水平的关键。

周围型肺癌胸膜凹陷征的螺旋CT表现

目的：研究周围型肺癌时胸膜凹陷征的螺旋CT表现。材料和方法：收集经手术、病理证实的周围型肺癌62例，根据周围型肺癌的生长部位，总结其胸膜凹陷的不同螺旋CT表现，分析其形成的原因。结果：根据肿瘤发生的部位及其与胸膜结构的解剖位置关系将周围型肺癌的胸膜凹陷征分为3种主要表现：①线条状高密度影，近胜层胸膜面处见小三角形影；②典型表现，横断面上呈一组有一定形态变化规律的胸膜皱缩征象，在三维SSD重建图像上形象地显示了上述脏层胸膜的凹陷改变；③水平裂和斜裂胸膜凹陷，表现为不光滑的曲线状。结论：螺旋CT尤3D重建利于显示周围型肺癌时胸膜凹陷征。

多层螺旋CT仿真内镜对中央型肺癌的评价

目的 研究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)仿真内镜 (VE)在中央型肺癌的应用。资料与方法 6 9例中央型肺癌 ,行MSCT扫描后进行VE成像。其中 4 3例同期作纤维支气管镜 (FBS)检查对照。结果 VE下表现为支气管管腔闭塞 34例 ,气管或支气管偏心性狭窄 19例 ,管腔内占位病变 16例。VE与FBS一致性达 86 .1%。差异主要在过诊为闭塞 5例。

实变型细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现及病理基础

目的:探讨实变型细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)的CT表现特点。方法:对13例经病理证实的实变型BAC的CT征像及其病理特征进行回顾性分析。结果:13例中,单发肺叶实变8例,多发肺叶或肺段实变3例,单发肺段实变2例;实变肺密度低于心肌8例,伴见血管造影征或血管高密度征7例、支气管气像征9例伴枯树枝征6例;实变肺周见蜂窝肺征9例,磨玻璃征7例,多发小结节2例;少量胸水1例,肺门淋巴结肿大及肺气囊腔各1例。13例中9例CT首诊误诊为肺炎,4例正确诊断。结论:实变肺密度低、蜂窝肺征、血管造影征尤其是血管高密度征、枯树枝征及多发腺泡结节是实变型BAC的主要CT表现特点;磨玻璃影是早期表现,但特异性不大;CT引导肺穿刺活检是较理想的确诊手段。

原发性支气管肺癌的钙化多为偏心性分布吗?

目的 分析原发性支气管肺癌钙化的分布及其鉴别诊断意义。方法 收集经病理证实的并含肉眼可见钙化的原发性支气管肺癌 3 2例 ,回顾性分析CT像上钙化的分布特征及与原发肿瘤病理类型的关系 ,用非配对t检验行统计学分析。结果 病灶平均最大直径 5 .4± 2 .3cm ( 2 .0～ 13 .0cm) ,其中直径 5cm以下者 3例。偏心性钙化 16例 ,其中 9例为腺癌 ,鳞癌 7例。中心性者 14例 ,包括腺癌 5例 ,鳞癌 5例 ,小细胞癌 2例 ,低度恶性肿瘤 1例 ,未能分型 1例。钙化数目 5枚、4枚、3枚各 1例 ,2枚者 3例 ,均属偏心分布 ;1例含 4枚钙化者 ,既有中心又有偏心性钙化 ;另 1例为弥漫性钙化 ,其余 2 5例均只含 1枚。中心性组和偏心性组间数目、及与病理组织类型间均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 原发性肺癌的钙化既可以是中心性也可以偏心性分布 ,钙化的分布不能作为定性诊断的依据。

肺癌血供的动脉造影CT与DSA对照研究

目的 采用动脉造影CT(CTA)与DSA相结合的方法,进一步探讨支气管肺癌的血供来源,为肺癌的介入治疗提供理论依据。方法 20例支气管肺癌患者,中央型14例,周围型6例。在介入治疗前分别行支气管动脉、肺动脉CTA和DSA检查。结果 20例肺癌的支气管动脉DSA均可见肿瘤血管显影及肿瘤染色,支气管动脉CTA(CTBA)则可见肿瘤明显强化,且强化血管位于肿瘤外带;肺动脉DSA与CTA(CTPA)均未见肺动脉分支向肿瘤供血。20例中,10例肺动脉DSA显示肿块所在区域肺动脉管径大小及肺血灌注正常,其CTPA则显示瘤肺交界区的肺动脉分支与肿块相贴或被肿块包埋,另10例DSA显示肺动脉管径变细、狭窄,甚至完全闭塞,而其对应的CTPA则未见肺动脉分支显影。结论 支气管动脉是肺癌的供血血管,肺动脉不参与肺癌供血。支气管肺癌的灌注化疗或栓塞治疗应经支气管动脉进行,而不必经肺动脉治疗。

以声音嘶哑为主诉的胸部病变的MDCT评价

目的:分析以声音嘶哑为主诉的胸部病变的多层CT(MDCT)表现特点,用来指导临床诊治。方法:回顾性分析37例以声音嘶哑为主诉患者的胸部CT,由两位放射科医师采用盲法对胸部病变类型、发生部位、良恶性与喉返神经走行区的关系进行评价。所有患者均行电子喉镜检查或支气管镜检查、CT平扫和增强检查,排除喉部原发病变。其中经手术或支气管镜活检及纵隔镜活检病理证实18例,19例临床综合诊断证实。结果:37例胸部病变中,恶性33例,包括肺癌23例、恶性纵隔肿瘤6例和肺外肿瘤纵隔淋巴结转移4例;良性4例,包括肺纵隔淋巴结结核1例;左气管食管沟神经鞘瘤1例和主动脉弓前下壁假性动脉瘤2例。33例恶性肿瘤中,肿瘤直接侵犯喉返神经走行区6例,淋巴结转移侵犯或压迫27例。12例声带麻痹记录者显示左侧声带麻痹10例侧,全部有左喉返神经走行区明显病变存在,右侧声带麻痹4例侧,均无对应右喉返神经胸内走行区明显病变。结论:多种胸部病变可以引起声音嘶哑,肺癌伴淋巴结转移是最常见的原因,MDCT可以很好地显示其相关性,帮助确认病因。

原发性主支气管癌的影像表现及诊断意义

目的 分析主支气癌的影像诊断价值。方法 总结经手术病理证实的主支气管癌25例,男性23例,女性2例,年龄在18-67岁之间。结果 根据影像表现分为三型:腔内型12例,腔壁型6例,腔内外型9例。另侵犯气管隆突3例,淋巴结转移5例。鳞癌13例,低分化腺癌4例,腺样囊性癌2例,粘液表皮样癌2例,未分化癌2例,癌内瘤1例,嗜银细胞癌1倒。结论 CT在主支气管癌的定位、定形、定性诊断方面有优势,对制定治疗方案有帮助。

支气管肺癌侵犯纵隔的CT征象分析

目的:探讨CT征象评价支气管肺癌侵犯纵隔结构的诊断价值.方法:经手术病理证实的支气管肺癌97例,对14种(共750个)纵隔结构的CT表现与手术、纤维支气管镜及病理结果进行回顾性对照分析.记录原发肿瘤与纵隔结构的接触程度,判断该纵隔结构是否扭曲及是否有气管、支气管腔内肿瘤等.结果:以肿瘤与纵隔接触角大于0°(CT分级3～6级)为CT阳性征象,CT评估纵隔结构侵犯敏感度为72.5%,阳性预测值为80.6%;以肿瘤与纵隔结构接触角大于90°(CT分级4～6级)为CT阳性征象,CT评估纵隔结构侵犯的敏感性为47.5%,阳性预测值为82.6%;以纵隔结构与肿瘤接触角大于180°(CT分级5～6级)为阳性CT征象,病理结果为全部受累,其中结构扭曲占7/40,管腔内肿瘤侵犯占2/40.结论:CT检查对于发现支气管肺癌纵隔侵犯有重要价值,改进CT扫描技术并制定特定判断标准有助于提高CT对支气管肺癌纵隔侵犯的阳性预测值.