As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and pr...As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.展开更多
1 Introduction Virtually all cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmias,valve disease,coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF)are increasingly common with advancing age.^([1])Age and disease-related changes in...1 Introduction Virtually all cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmias,valve disease,coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF)are increasingly common with advancing age.^([1])Age and disease-related changes in the heart including fibrosis in the atrial and ventricular myocardium and conduction system,scar tissue from myocardial infarction or other cardiomyopathic processes,increased inflammatory cytokines and changes to ion channels are just some of the factors that predispose older adults to arrhythmias.^([2]).展开更多
文摘As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.
文摘1 Introduction Virtually all cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmias,valve disease,coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF)are increasingly common with advancing age.^([1])Age and disease-related changes in the heart including fibrosis in the atrial and ventricular myocardium and conduction system,scar tissue from myocardial infarction or other cardiomyopathic processes,increased inflammatory cytokines and changes to ion channels are just some of the factors that predispose older adults to arrhythmias.^([2]).
