Hemodynamic Profiling Using a Cardiac Index–Systemic Vascular Resistance Plot in Patients with Fontan Circulation

Background: Elevated Fontan pressure (FP) alone cannot fully predict clinical outcomes. We hypothesized thathemodynamic profiling using a cardiac index (CI)-systemic vascular resistance (SVR) plot could characterize clinicalfeatures and predict the prognosis of post-Fontan patients. Methods: We included post-Fontan patients whounderwent cardiac catheterization at age < 10 years. Patients were classified into four categories: A, CI ≥ 3, SVRindex (SVRI) ≥ 20;B, CI < 3, SVRI ≥ 20;C, CI ≥ 3, SVRI < 20;and D, CI < 3, SVRI < 20. The primary outcome wasfreedom from the combined endpoint: new onset of protein-losing enteropathy or plastic bronchitis, heart transplant,and death. Clinical and hemodynamic variables and freedom from the endpoint were compared betweenthe hemodynamic categories and outcome predictors were evaluated. Results: Eighty-three patients wereincluded. Median follow-up was 5.3 years. Category A/B/C/D consisted of 4/15/53/11 patients, respectively. Allthe patients in category A were New York Heart Association I/II and had a significantly lower pulmonary vascularresistance index (PVRI). Patients in category C had lower pulmonary/systemic blood flow. Patients in category Dhad a higher PVRI and had the poorest freedom from the endpoint (44% at 5 years). Elevated FP and category Dwere outcome predictors. Conclusions: CI-SVR plots was a novel adjunctive method for Fontan hemodynamicprofiling.

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Index with Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement: A Comparison between Determinations at the Mitral Valve and the Ascending Aorta

Methods: Sixteen patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA) II-III, age ≤ 70 yr, male or female, preoperatively NYHA II-III and EF ≥ 45%, scheduled for mitral valve replacement (MVR) were studied. Complete intravenous general anesthesia was used for induction and anesthesia maintenance. After anesthesia induction we put the TEE probe into the esophagus. The cardiac index was determined at three periods following MVR: T1 30 minutes later following cessation of bypass, T2 60 minutes after cessation of bypass, T3 90 minutes after cessation of bypass. Statistical analysis was made with the Bland and Altman method. Results: Ninety-six measurements were compared. The cardiac index values at the level of prosthesis mitral valve (CIMV) ranged from 1.3 to 5.5 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 2.6 ± 0.9). The Values of cardiac index at aortic valve (CIAA) ranged from 2.7 to8.8 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 4.9 ± 1.7). Bias was -2.3 L·min-1·m-2 and limits of agreement -5.6 to 1.0 L·min-1·m-2. Conclusion: During mitral valve replacement, doubtful correlations were observed between values of cardiac index at the mitral valve and the ascending aorta using TEE.

Cardiac index (CI) versus cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) at different degrees of head-up tilt (HUT) in healthy subjects

The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new index of arterial stiffness that can be measured with a VaSera VS-1000 device. An association between certain arterial stiffness indices and cardiac function has been found but has not yet been validated. The aim of this study was to establish whether any significant relationship exists between cardiac index (CI) and CAVI. Twenty healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 30 ± 5 years and a mean BMI of 23.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2 participated in the study. CO was estimated using a Doppler technique, and CAVI was measured with a VaSeraVS-1000 device. A motorised tilting table was used to achieve head-up tilt (HUT) angles of 0°, 30°and 60°, to modify the peripheral sympathetic outflow. We found that there was a significant inverse correlation between CI and the degree of head-up tilt, ( for 0°and 30°;for 0° and 60°, p for both;for 30° and 60°, ). CAVI showed a significant positive correlation relative with the degree of HUT, ( for 0° and 30°;for 0° and 60°;for 30° and 60°, for all). A significant negative correlation was found between CI and CAVI r = - 0.47, p Additionally, a significant p increase in PVR values was observed for increasing HUT values. In conclusion: An inverse relationship between CI and CAVI was shown;a decrease in cardiac output is associated with an increase in CAVI values at different degrees of HUT. This association provides further insight into the postural link between cardiac output and arterial compliance.

Application of pulse index continuous cardiac output system in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND Cardiogenic shock (CS) secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicates management of the condition, and often leads to poor prognosis. Prompt and accurate monitoring of cardiovascular and accompanying hemodynamic changes is crucial in achieving adequate management of the condition. Advances in technology has availed procedures such as pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO), which can offer precise monitoring of cardiovascular functions and hemodynamic parameters. In this study, PiCCO is evaluated for its potential utility in improving management and clinical outcomes among elderly patients with AMI complicated by CS. AIM To assess whether use of the PiCCO system can improve clinical outcomes in elderly patients with AMI complicated by CS.METHODS Patients from emergency intensive care units (EICU) or coronary care units (CCU) were randomized to receive PiCCO monitoring or not. The APACHE II score, SOFA score, hs-TnI, NT-proBNP, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lactate levels on day 1, 3 and 7 after treatment were compared. The infusion and urine volume at 0-24 h, 24-48 h and 48-72 h were recorded, as were the cardiac index (CI), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and global end diastolic volume index (GEDVI) at similar time intervals. RESULTS Sixty patients with AMI complicated by CS were included in the study. The PiCCO group had a significantly lower APACHE II score, SOFA score, hs-TnI and NT-proBNP levels on day 1, 3 and 7 after treatment. The infusion and urine volume during 0-24 h in the PiCCO group were significantly greater, and this group also showed significantly higher ADL scores. Furthermore, the PiCCO group spent lesser days on vasoactive agents, mechanical ventilation, and had a reduced length of stay in EICU/CCU. Additionally, the CI was significantly higher at 48 h and 72 h in the PiCCO group compared with that at 24 h, and the EVLWI, ITBVI and GEDVI were significantly decreased at 48 h and 72 h. CONCLUSION Applying the PiCCO system could improve the clinical outcomes of elderly patients with AMI complicated by CS.

Application and Nursing of Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output (PiCCO) Volume Monitoring in Early Fluid Resuscitation in Patients with Septic Shock

Background: Septic shock is a rapidly changing and fatal syndrome that can cause comprehensive deterioration of cardiopulmonary and renal function and multiple organ failure. At the same time, septic shock has the complex clinical manifestations and hemodynamics. PiCCO can accurately monitor blood flow, physical and volume indicators, and active and effective fluid resuscitation are important measures to reduce the fatality rate of septic shock and improve the prognosis of patients. Objectives: To explore the application and nursing of PiCCO in early fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The observation group and the control group each had 30 cases. The observation group used PiCCO to guide fluid resuscitation;the control group used conventional methods to guide fluid resuscitation. The changes in CVP, HR, MAP, and urine volume per hour were observed in the two groups. The changes of various indicators before and after fluid resuscitation, the length of stay in ICU and the mortality rate were compared between the two groups. All the outcomes were collected from the electronic medical case system after patients’ discharge from the hospital. Results: APACHE II, CVP, HR, MAP were compared between the observation group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The blood volume of patients in the observation group was significantly improved after fluid supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the length of stay in ICU in the observation group was significantly shorter, and the mortality rate was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PiCCO can be better used in early fluid resuscitation of patients with septic shock.

Nitroglycerin reduces augmentation index and central blood pressure independent of effects on cardiac preload

Objective To determine whether reduction in central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-load or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compared effects of NTG with those of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Hemodynamic measurements were made at rest,during LBNP (10,20 and 30 mmHg,each for 15 min) and after NTG (10,30 and 100 μg/min,each dose for 15 min) in ten healthy volunteers. Cardiac pre-load,stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed by echocardiography. Central pressure augmentation and central systolic pressure were obtained by radial tonometry using a transfer function. Results LBNP (20 mmHg) and NTG (30 μg/min) reduced pre-load (as measured by the peak velocity of the S wave in the superior vena cava) to a similar degree [by (26.8±3.8)% and (23.9±3.4)%,respectively]. Compared to LBNP,NTG reduced systemic vascular resistance [by (32.9±7.5)%,P<0.01],decreased peripheral and central pressure augmentation [by (20.8±3.4)% units and (12.9±2.9)% units,respectively,each P<0.01]. Conclusion These results suggest that a reduction in pre-load does not explain reduction in pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by NTG and that these effects are mediated through arterial dilation.

慢性心力衰竭病人血清miR-487b表达水平及其与心肌重构的关系

目的:分析慢性心力衰竭病人血清微小核糖核酸-487b(miR-487b)表达水平及其与心肌重构的关系。方法:选取2019年10月—2021年10月西安高新医院收治的96例慢性心力衰竭病人作为研究组,按照纽约心脏病协会心功能分级将病人分为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级22例,Ⅲ级41例,Ⅳ级33例;另选取同期在同一所医院体检的健康者102名作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)法检测所有研究对象血清miR-487b表达水平。比较研究组与对照组血清miR-487b表达水平及研究组不同心功能分级病人血清miR-487b表达水平。采用Pearson法分析慢性心力衰竭病人血清miR-487b表达水平与心肌重构指标[包括左室重构指数(LVRI)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)]的关系。结果:研究组血清miR-487b表达水平低于对照组(P<0.001);研究组LVEDD、LAD、LVMI、LVPW均高于对照组(P<0.001),LVRI低于对照组(P<0.001)。研究组心功能Ⅳ级病人LVEDD、LAD、LVMI、LVPW均高于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级病人(P<0.05),miR-487b表达水平、LVRI均低于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级病人(P<0.05);Ⅲ级病人LVEDD、LAD、LVMI、LVPW均高于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级病人(P<0.05),miR-487b表达水平、LVRI均低于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级病人(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,慢性心力衰竭病人血清miR-487b与LAD、LVMI、LVPW均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.578、-0.502、-0.514,P<0.001),与LVRI呈正相关(r=0.464,P<0.001)。结论:慢性心力衰竭病人血清miR-487b表达水平降低,且与心肌重构密切相关。

参附注射液对急性心衰患者炎性指标、心功能及临床疗效的影响

目的观察参附注射液对急性心力衰竭(心肾阳虚型)患者的疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法89例患者按随机数字表法分为观察组45例与对照组44例,两组均给予常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用参附注射液。比较两组血清炎性指标、血流动力学指标、心功能及临床疗效。结果两组治疗前白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、脑利钠肽(BNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平和血流动力学指标心排血量(CO)、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉压(PAP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组治疗后5、10 d,IL-6、hs-CRP、LVEF、BNP、CK-MB、cTnT水平和血流动力学指标CO、MAP、PAP水平均较治疗前改善(均P<0.05),且观察组的各项指标改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的总有效率为86.67%,高于对照组的72.73%。两组治疗期间及治疗后均未发现不良反应。结论参附注射液治疗急性心力衰竭可有效降低患者的血清炎性指标,改善血流动力学,提高心功能,改善生活质量,疗效良好。

基于心电心音图—血液指标的列线图对化疗后心脏不良事件风险的预测研究

目的探讨心电心音图联合血液指标预测恶性肿瘤患者化疗后发生心脏不良事件的风险。方法前瞻性收集171例恶性肿瘤患者。根据患者化疗结束后是否出现心脏不良事件分为心脏不良事件组和无心脏不良事件组,分析两组患者一般资料、化疗前血液指标与化疗早期(1~3周期)心电心音图相关指标,将可能影响因素进行二元Logistic回归分析确定独立预测因素并绘制列线图,利用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估列线图预测能力。结果171例患者化疗结束后有44例发生心脏不良事件,发生率25.73%。二元logistic回归结果表示年龄、化疗前红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)和化疗早期心脏电−机械激动时间(EMAT)是化疗患者发生心脏不良事件的独立预测因子,基于此绘制列线图,ROC曲线评估AUC为0.768(95%CI:0.693~0.843,P<0.001)。结论基于年龄、化疗前RDW、APTT和化疗早期EMAT绘制的列线图有助于早期评估化疗患者发生心脏不良事件的风险。

注射用重组人脑利钠肽对急性心力衰竭患者心功能指标、再入院率及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨注射用重组人脑利钠肽对急性心力衰竭心功能指标、再入院率及炎症因子的影响。方法收集郑州大学第五附属医院2021年7月至2022年7月收治的90例急性心力衰竭患者进行研究,按随机数字表法分为两组。对照组45例接受吸氧、洛尔类药物、利尿药物、普利类药物、低盐饮食、强心剂等治疗。观察组45例在前基础上加注射用重组人脑利钠肽治疗。观察两组疗效、心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI)、心排血量(CO)]、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、N端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平、再入院率、心率、不良反应发生率。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后两组心功能指标(LVEF、CI、CO)水平提高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后两组IL-6、TGF-β1、NT-proBNP、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组再入院率、心率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注射用重组人脑利钠肽可改善急性心力衰竭患者的心功能,减轻炎症反应,并且能降低患者再入院率。

血清脑钠肽、心肌肌钙蛋白T及休克指数与急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠脉介入术后主要不良心血管事件的相关性分析

目的 探讨血清脑钠肽(BNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)及休克指数(SI)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2017年11月至2022年11月于徐州医科大学附属医院、江苏省滨海县人民医院进行PCI治疗的200例AMI患者的临床资料,将其分为MACE组(60例)与无MACE组(140例)。比较两组基线资料、血管狭窄程度(Gensini)评分、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及术前白蛋白、BNP、c Tn T、SI。采用logistic逐步回归分析MACE的危险因素,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标预测MACE的价值。结果 MACE组糖尿病患者占比及年龄、BNP、c Tn T、SI水平高于无MACE组(P<0.05)。logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=2.145,95%CI=1.056~4.357)、BNP (OR=1.985,95%CI=1.156~3.408)、c Tn T (OR=1.997,95%CI=1.145~3.483)、SI(OR=1.897,95%CI=1.260~3.196)是AMI患者PCI治疗后MACE发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,年龄、BNP、c Tn T、SI均可用于预测AMI患者PCI治疗后MACE的发生(P<0.05)。结论 年龄、BNP、c Tn T、SI可影响AMI患者PCI治疗后MACE的发生,可用于预测MACE的发生。

基于二维斑点追踪技术制定妊娠28~39周低风险胎儿心脏大小和形态的参考值范围

目的采用二维斑点追踪技术制定妊娠28~39周的低风险胎儿心脏大小和形态的参考值范围。方法前瞻性收集复旦大学附属妇产科医院行超声心动图检查的低风险单胎妊娠453例,应用二维斑点追踪技术评估胎儿四腔心和心室的大小(长径、宽径和面积)及形态(球形指数,即长径与宽径的比值)。使用同类相关系数评估组间和组内测量的重复一致性。对心脏测量参数进行统计分析,建立低风险胎儿心脏大小和形态的参考值范围。结果胎儿心脏参数测量的重复一致性检验的组间和组内相关系数为0.691~0.980。胎儿四腔心和心室大小随孕周的增加而增加(均P<0.001),左室舒张末期长径大于右室,舒张末期宽径小于右室,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),而两心室的舒张末期面积对比差异无统计学意义(P=0.050)。四腔心的球形指数与孕周不存在相关性(P=0.811)。左室的基底段和中间段的球形指数大于右室,心尖段的球形指数小于右室,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论采用二维斑点追踪技术评估胎儿心脏参数具有较好的可重复性。本研究制定的低风险胎儿心脏大小和形态参考值范围,将为产前评价心脏重塑提供帮助。

达格列净治疗2型糖尿病合并心衰的疗效及对胰岛功能、心功能的影响

目的分析达格列净对2型糖尿病合并心衰患者的疗效及对胰岛功能、心功能的影响。方法选取2021年5月—2023年6月福建省南平市建阳中医院收治的98例2型糖尿病合并心衰患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,两组统一接受心衰常规治疗,对照组(n=49)予以二甲双胍片及重组甘精胰岛素治疗,观察组(n=49)在对照组基础上联合达格列净治疗。对比两组血糖指标、胰岛功能、心功能指标。结果观察组血糖各指标水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学差异(P均<0.05);观察组胰岛功能各指标水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学差异(P均<0.05);观察组心功能各指标水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论在常规降糖药物治疗基础上联用达格列净,可更好地改善2型糖尿病合并心衰患者的胰岛功能和心功能,可行性良好。

HFpEF患者ECHO检查特征及血清学相关指标变化与其NYHA分级的关系

目的 探讨射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者超声心动图(ECHO)检查特征及血清学相关指标变化与其美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级的关系。方法 选取120例HFpEF患者作为HFpEF组,依据NYHA分级将HFpEF组患者分为Ⅱ级组(42例)、Ⅲ级组(43例)、Ⅳ级组(35例);另选取同期121例健康体检的人员作为非心力衰竭组。检测并比较HFpEF组和非心力衰竭组ECHO指标[左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心房内径(LAD)、左房容积指数(LAVI)、三尖瓣反流速度(TRV)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期最大血流速度/舒张晚期最大血流速度(E/A)]及血清血尿酸(BUA)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平,比较HFpEF组不同NYHA分级患者血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平,分析HFpEF患者血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平与NYHA分级的相关性。结果 HFpEF组的LAD、LVDd、LVDs、E/A、LAVI、TRV分别为(45.37±5.95)mm、(49.75±5.72)mm、(33.72±3.84)mm、(0.74±0.11)、(45.52±5.53)ml/m^(2)、(2.94±0.31)m/s,均高于非心力衰竭组的(32.82±4.85)mm、(41.51±5.28)mm、(26.16±3.43)mm、(0.52±0.09)、(20.64±3.41)ml/m^(2)、(2.18±0.35)m/s,LVEF(61.24±7.86)%低于非心力衰竭组的(68.23±7.98)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组IVS、LVPW比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HFpEF组血清BUA、NT-proBNP分别为(486.88±68.91)μmol/L、(874.07±112.71)pg/ml,均高于非心力衰竭组的(287.87±35.82)μmol/L、(121.57±16.26)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ级组血清BUA、NT-proBNP分别为(345.67±47.82)μmol/L、(613.63±72.45)pg/ml,Ⅲ级组血清BUA、NT-proBNP分别为(512.14±63.59)μmol/L、(863.46±94.84)pg/ml,Ⅳ级组血清BUA、NT-proBNP分别为(625.31±72.42)μmol/L、(1199.62±137.51)pg/ml。HFpEF组不同NYHA分级患者血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组患者血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平均高于Ⅱ级组,且Ⅳ级组高于Ⅲ级组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关系数分析,HFpEF患者的血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平与NYHA分级呈正相关(r=0.476、0.474,P<0.05)。结论 ECHO指标异常能够对HFpEF进行辅助性判断,患者体内血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平越高可能意味着患者的NYHA分级越高,心功能受损情况越严重,临床可通过对患者血清BUA、NT-proBNP水平的检测辅助临床医师对HFpEF患者的病情以及心功能受损情况进行判断,从而尽早对患者实施针对性治疗,改善患者的预后。

超声心肌做功指数评估乳腺癌化疗后癌症治疗相关心脏功能障碍的临床意义

目的:探讨超声心肌做功指数评估乳腺癌化疗后癌症治疗相关的心脏功能障碍(cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction,CTRCD)的临床意义。方法:收集2021年1月—2022年6月南京市溧水区人民医院45例接受蒽环类药物序贯治疗的人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)+乳腺癌妇女,包括33例非CTRCD患者和12例CTRCD患者。所有患者在开始蒽环类药物治疗前(T_(0))、蒽环类药物化疗2个周期后(T_(1))、4个周期后(T_(2))和整个化疗周期结束时(T_(3))接受二维经胸超声心动图和二维斑点追踪超声心动图(speckle tracking echocardiography,STE)检查。结果:在CTRCD和无CTRCD的患者中,整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)、左心室心肌做功指数(myocardial work index,GWI)和整体有用功(global constructive work,GCW)的轨迹显著不同(P分别为<0.001、0.017、0.006)。在整个化疗期间,CTRCD患者的GLS、GWI和GCW呈时间依赖性降低(P<0.05),并且在T_(3)时降至最低。多变量分析显示,GLS[OR(95%CI)=1.94(1.02~3.69),P=0.044]和GWI[OR(95%CI)=1.78(1.05~3.03),P=0.032]降低与CTRCD独立相关。T_(1)期GLS和GWI作为CTRCD独立预测因子的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.749(95%CI 0.550~0.948)和0.837(95%CI 0.675~0.998)。当T_(1)期GLS和GWI两者结合时诊断CTRCD的AUC提高至0.942(95%CI 0.878~1.000),灵敏度和特异度分别为74.7%、92.1%。结论:左心室GLS和GWI可以作为蒽环类药物诱导的CTRCD的独立预测因子。

超声心动图检查对老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病的临床诊断价值

目的:探究超声心动图检查对老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病(SCVD)的临床应用价值。方法:选择2020年8月—2022年9月于日照市岚山区人民医院就诊的疑似SCVD患者60例纳入观察组,另选择同期于我院行健康体检的非SCVD患者60例纳入对照组。所有参检者均行超声心动图检查。以临床综合诊断结果为金标准,分析超声心动图在SCVD中的诊断价值并计算一致性;分析心脏瓣膜受累情况及超声心动图表现;对比观察组SCVD患者与对照组心功能指标。结果:临床综合诊断确诊为SCVD患者54例,超声心动图检出53例。超声心动图诊断SCVD的灵敏度为96.30%,特异度为83.33%,准确率为95.00%,阳性预测值为98.11%,阴性预测值为71.43%,超声心动图与临床综合诊断一致性尚可(Kappa值=0.741)。经超声心动图检查准确检出SCVD患者52例,包括11例二尖瓣钙化,3例无钙化,23例主动脉瓣膜钙化,15例联合钙化。观察组SCVD患者左室射血分数显著低于对照组,左房内径及左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:超声心动图在SCVD诊断中应用价值较高,能够清晰显示病变具体位置情况,同时还可明确心功能相关指标变化,为临床进一步诊疗提供有效依据,值得推广应用。

双水平气道正压无创通气对重症心力衰竭患者血气指标和血流动力学及心功能的影响

目的探讨双水平气道正压(BiPAP)无创通气对重症心力衰竭(HF)患者血气指标和血流动力学及心功能的影响。方法选取2018年5月至2021年6月于贵州省人民医院治疗的90例重症HF患者作为研究对象,依据治疗方式不同分为对照组与观察组,每组45例。对照组给予常规药物联合面罩吸氧治疗,观察组给予药物联合BiPAP无创通气治疗,比较两组治疗前后血气指标、血流动力学指标及心功能指标。结果治疗2h后,两组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))均高于治疗前,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))均低于治疗前,且观察组PaO_(2)高于对照组,Pa-CO_(2)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2h后,两组右心房平均压(RAMP)、肺动脉平均压(PAMP)及肺动脉楔压(PCWP)均低于治疗前,而观察组RAMP、PAMP均高于对照组,PCWP低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗48h后,两组每搏输出量(SV)均大于治疗前,左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于治疗前,N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平低于治疗前,且观察组SV、LVEF均高于对照组,NT-proBNP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BiPAP无创通气治疗重症HF的效果理想,能有效改善患者血气、血流动力学指标及心功能,值得临床推广应用。

达格列净治疗慢性肺源性心脏病右心衰竭患者的疗效研究

目的:探讨达格列净治疗慢性肺源性心脏病右心衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:选择2019年6月—2021年6月收治的慢性肺源性心脏病右心衰竭患者40例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予达格列净治疗。比较两组治疗前后心功能指标、血气指标和炎性因子水平。结果:治疗后两组右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、右心室每搏输出量(RVSV)、三尖瓣反流速度、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、心率(HR)和氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组右心室射血分数(RVEF)、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))和6 min步行距离均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:达格列净可缓解慢性肺源性心脏病右心衰竭患者的症状,改善血气指标和心肺功能,提高运动能力。

八式太极拳、八段锦对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能和生活质量的影响

目的探讨八式太极拳、八段锦对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能和生活质量的影响。方法选择2021年3月至2022年5月在陕西省中医医院就诊的90例CHF患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为太极拳组、八段锦组及对照组,各30例。太极拳组26例完成,脱落4例;八段锦组28例完成,脱落2例;对照组30例完成。对照组采用西医标准化治疗方案,太极拳组在对照组基础上增加八式太极拳训练,八段锦组在对照组基础上增加八段锦训练。比较三组的治疗效果。结果三组的治疗总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,三组的N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)均低于治疗前,左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)均高于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,三组的明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表(MLHFQ)评分、Lee氏心力衰竭积分均低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,太极拳组、八段锦组的MLHFQ评分、Lee氏心力衰竭积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论八式太极拳、八段锦可以提高老年CHF患者的生活质量,改善疾病症状,值得在临床中推广及应用。

中心静脉压、下腔静脉塌陷指数与重症监护室肺动脉高压患者右心功能的相关性

目的:分析中心静脉压(CVP)、下腔静脉塌陷指数与重症监护室(ICU)肺动脉高压患者右心功能的相关性。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年3月该院ICU收治的63例肺动脉高压患者进行前瞻性研究,根据不同肺动脉压将其分为中重度组(n=30)与轻度组(n=33),另选取30名健康体检者,设为对照组。所有受试者均测定CVP、下腔静脉塌陷指数,采用脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(PICCO)评价患者右心功能[心输出量(CO)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移、三尖瓣环收缩期速度]水平,并采用Pearson相关性检验分析CVP、下腔静脉塌陷指数与ICU肺动脉高压患者右心功能的相关性。结果:中重度组CVP、下腔静脉塌陷指数水平均高于轻度组、对照组,且轻度组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度组CO、三尖瓣环收缩期位移、三尖瓣环收缩期速度水平均低于轻度组、对照组,且轻度组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,下腔静脉塌陷指数、CVP水平与ICU肺动脉高压患者CO、三尖瓣环收缩期位移、三尖瓣环收缩期速度均呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论:下腔静脉塌陷指数、CVP水平与ICU肺动脉高压患者CO、三尖瓣环收缩期位移、三尖瓣环收缩期速度等均呈正相关。