Risk Assessment Using Two Different Diagnostic Tools: Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Score (SCORE)—Data from a Weight Reduction Intervention Study

Objective: Risk score models and the diagnosis of a metabolic syndrome are useful for cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction. The identification of individuals with high CV and metabolic risk is essential to provide appropriate prevention and therapy. The present study aims at clarifying whether these indicators are altered by a weight reduction programme. Additionally, which diagnostic tool has a better predictive value is examined. Method: One hundred and twenty overweight and obese subjects aged 30 60 years were included in a 12-week weight reduction programme. The CV risk was assessed by means of German multiple-used risk charts (SCORE) at baseline and at the end of the trial. Furthermore, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (three out of five risk factors) was quantified. Results: The initial prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 63.3% (n = 76) and decreased to 41.7% (n = 50) by the end of the intervention. The SCORE also decreased significantly after twelve weeks (p 5%) was comparatively low (t0: 7.4%, n = 7;t12: 5.3%, n = 5). Conclusion: The weight reduction concept was applicable to improve the CV risk SCORE and decrease the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The CV 10-year risk calculated using German risk charts (SCORE) probably underestimated the risk of CV diseases in this collective. In this case, the diagnosis of a metabolic syndrome is more meaningful than risk SCORE calculations.

Higher Plasma Potassium Level Reduces 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicted by the Framingham Risk Score among Taxi-Motorbike Drivers Residing and Working in Cotonou, Benin

Hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the major risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent studies revealed that taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) in Cotonou had higher rates of CVD risk factors, but their impacts on cardiovascular events have rarely been studied. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is an algorithm that considers CVD risk factors and estimates the risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. Our objectives were to assess the 10-year CVD risk predicted by the FRS, and to examine the relationships of 10-year CVD risk with plasma iron and potassium levels among TMDs. We included 134 TMDs (22 - 59 years old) who had no prior diagnosis of CVD or T2D, and not taking medications affecting iron and potassium homeostasis. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors were used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk, which was categorized as low (20%). FRS > 2%, which corresponded to the 75th percentile of FRS distribution in our study population, was used as a cut-off value to classify participants into two groups. Plasma iron and potassium levels were segregated into tertiles and their associations with 10-year CVD risk were quantified by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) to being above the 75th percentile of 10-year CVD risk with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 62.0% of participants had at least one of cardiovascular risk factors. Approximately 97.8% of TMDs had 10-year CVD risk 4.8 mmol/L led to an 83% risk reduction of having 10-year CVD risk > 2% (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.82, P = 0.027). In conclusion, our findings showed that high plasma potassium levels associate with reduced 10-year CVD risk among TMDs. Interventions focused on monitoring of plasma potassium, particularly in those with existing cardiovascular risk factors, may help prevent CVD.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk in diabetes:Risk scores and provocative testing

Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus,who have a risk of cardiovascular mortality two to four times that of people without diabetes.An individualised approach to cardiovascular risk estimation and management is needed.Over the past decades,many risk scores have been developed to predict CVD.However,few have been externally validated in a diabetic population and limited studies have examined the impact of applying a prediction model in clinical practice.Currently,guidelines are focused on testing for CVD in symptomatic patients.Atypical symptoms or silent ischemia are more common in the diabetic population,and with additional markers of vascular disease such as erectile dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy,these guidelines can be difficult to interpret.We propose an algorithm incorporating cardiovascular risk scores in combination with typical and atypical signs and symptoms to alert clinicians to consider further investigation with provocative testing.The modalities for investigation of CVD are discussed.

Applying the China-PAR Risk Algorithm to Assess 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Populations Receiving Routine Physical Examinations in Eastern China

Objective To assess the 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease(ASCVD) risk score among adults in eastern China using the China-PAR equation which formulated primarily for the Chinese population. Methods Data from 72,129 individuals from 35-74 years old who received routine physical examinations in eastern China were analyzed in this study. The 10-year risk scores were calculated using the China-PAR equation. The chi-square test and logistic regression were then performed to evaluate the association between the selected risk factors and overall CVD risk. Results The mean 10-year ASCVD risk scores were 3.82% ± 3.76% in men and 1.30% ± 1.65% in women based on the China-PAR equation. Overall, 20% of men and 3.5% of women were intermediate-risk, and 7.3% of men and 0.3% of women were high-risk. Waist to hip ratio(WHR) [OR = 1.16(CI 95% = 1.06-1.26)], waist to height ratio(WHtR) [OR = 1.16(CI 95% = 1.05-1.28)], non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C) [OR = 1.23(CI 95% = 1.09-1.39)], and total cholesterol(TC)/HDL-C [OR = 1.68(CI 95% = 1.46-1.94)] were more strongly associated with CVD risk than body-mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), and TC alone. Conclusion Male-specific prevention and treatment strategies for ASCVD are needed in eastern China. In addition, WHR, WHtR, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C which not included in the the China-PAR equation were also independently associated with 10-year ASCVD risk score categories.

Association between Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Objective The objective of this study is to determine whether coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition is associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk in Chinese adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 549 subjects without previous diagnosis or clinical symptoms of CVD in a community cohort of middle-aged Chinese adults. The participants underwent coronary computed tomography(CT) angiography for the evaluation of the presence and composition of coronary plaques. CVD risk was evaluated by the Framingham risk score(FRS) and the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) risk score. Results Among the 549 participants, 267(48.6%) had no coronary plaques, 201(36.6%) had noncalcified coronary plaques, and 81(14.8%) had calcified or mixed coronary plaques. The measures of CVD risk including FRS and ASCVD risk score and the likelihood of having elevated FRS significantly increased across the groups of participants without coronary plaques, with noncalcified coronary plaques, and with calcified or mixed coronary plaques. However, only calcified or mixed coronary plaques were significantly associated with an elevated ASCVD risk score [odds ratio(OR) 2.41; 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.09-5.32] compared with no coronary plaques, whereas no significant association was found for noncalcified coronary plaques and elevated ASCVD risk score(OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.71-2.21) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion Calcified or mixed coronary plaques might be more associated with an elevated likelihood of having CVD than noncalcified coronary plaques.

Serum Uric Acid is Associated with the Predicted Risk of Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-dwelling Population without Diabetes

Objective To examine the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease risk among individuals without diabetes.Methods We investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of prevalent cardiometabolic diseases, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases （ASCVD） among 8,252 participants aged 〉 40 years without diabetes from Jiading district, Shanghai, China.Results Body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum lipids increased progressively across the sex-specific quartiles of uric acid （all P trend 〈 0.05）. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the higher quartiles had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia （all P trend 〈 0.05）. A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had an increased risk of predicted cardiovascular disease compared with those in the lowest quartile of uric acid. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios （ORs） [95% confidence intervals （C/s）] for the highest quartiles for high Framingham risk were 3.00 （2.00-4.50） in men and 2.95 （1.08-8.43） in women. The multivariate adjusted ORs （95% C/s） for the highest quartile for high ASCVD risk were 1.93 [1.17-3.17） in men and 4.53 （2.57-7.98） in women.Conclusion Serum uric acid level is associated with an increased risk of prevalent obesity, hypertension, dystipidemia, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and lO-year risk for ASCVD among Chinese adults without diabetes.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Outpatients: An Alarming Sign of the Epidemiological Transition in Developing Country?

Background: Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and low and middle-income countries suffer from preventable premature death. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for non- communicable disease (NCDs) in general and particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among the outpatients of our department of medicine. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study from April to December 2017 by the consecutive enrollment of outpatients who attended in our department of medicine of Hôpital Sominé DOLO de Mopti, Mali. Clinical and laboratory data were measured for cardiovascular risk assessment. Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORES) were computed by using Framingham and SCORE equations. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the harmonized criteria from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Data were captured in excel and analyzed with R version 4.0.3. The statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 292 patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was 36.64%, 21.57%, 14.04%, and 13.01% for high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, smoking, and alcohol consumption, respectively. The metabolic syndrome accounted for 23.63%. The mean body mass index was 26.10 ± 7 kg/m2. The overall 10-year risk for cardiovascular events or death was 26.3% and 8.6% according to the FRS and SCORE equation, respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular events according to the FRS was significantly higher in subjects aged 50 and above compared to subjects aged under 50 years, 34.46% vs 13.16%, p < 0.001. Likewise, the 10-year risk for cardiovascular death according to SCORE equation was also significantly higher in subjects aged 50 and above compared to subjects under 50 years, 9.43% vs 2.09%, p = 0.02. Regarding gender, the FRS was significantly higher in men compared to women 49.50% vs 7.84%, p < 0.001. This same trend was observed with the SCORE, 14.67% vs 4.13%, p = 0.03. Conclusion: Our data corroborate the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in SSA. A comprehensive cardiovascular risk factors assessment should be implemented in all stages of health facilities and a longitudinal follow-up could help shed a light on the epidemiology of NCDs in general and particularly CVDs and thereby improve their control policies in SSA.

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后远期主要不良心血管事件的危险因素及风险评分系统预测价值研究

背景ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后远期发生主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)的风险大,指南指出准确的早期危险分层对STEMI患者PCI术后MACEs的管理具有重要意义。目前,常用的风险评分系统包括年龄、血肌酐和射血分数(ACEF)评分、心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)评分、Zwolle评分、首次心肌梗死血管成形术(PAMI)评分、使用控制阿昔单抗和装置的研究以降低晚期血管成形术并发症(CADILLAC),然而哪种风险评分系统更适用于预测STEMI患者PCI治疗远期预后尚无定论。目的分析我国STEMI患者PCI术后远期MACEs发生的危险因素并比较我国目前常用的ACEF、TIMI、Zwolle、PAMI、CADILLAC五种风险评分系统对其远期MACEs发生风险的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2016年6月—2020年6月在甘肃省人民医院心内科成功完成首次PCI术的687例STEMI患者为研究对象。收集患者一般资料与实验室及影像学检查结果,患者入组后均采用ACEF、TIMI、Zwolle、PAMI、CADILLAC风险评分系统进行评分。出院后通过电话及门诊复查方式随访患者,每年随访1次,随访时间截至2023年8月,主要记录随访期间患者MACEs的发生情况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究STEMI患者PCI术后远期MACEs发生的影响因素。绘制不同风险评分系统诊断MACEs的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),采用DeLong检验比较各风险评分系统的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果687例STEMI患者接受了PCI术,随访过程中44例患者因基本资料数据缺失过多被剔除,最终纳入643例患者,中位随访时间为37(25,49)个月。至随访结束共有134例发生MACEs,发生率为20.8%。MACEs组和非MACEs组年龄、住院时间、Killip分级、脑利钠肽前体、纤维蛋白原、贫血、左心室射血分数、估算肾小球滤过率、血肌酐、瓣膜返流比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:住院时间延长(OR=1.071,95%CI=1.012~1.134,P=0.018)、血肌酐升高(OR=1.018,95%CI=1.006~1.030,P=0.003)、纤维蛋白原升高(OR=1.226,95%CI=1.066~1.409,P=0.004)为患者发生MACEs的危险因素,左心室射血分数增加(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.960~1.000,P=0.045)、瓣膜轻度返流(OR=0.377,95%CI=0.151~0.938,P=0.036)和中度返流(OR=0.164,95%CI=0.051~0.522,P=0.002)为患者发生MACEs的保护因素。MACEs组的ACEF、TIMI、Zwolle、PAMI、CADILLAC风险评分系统得分均高于非MACEs组(P<0.05)。绘制5种风险评分系统预测STEMI患者PCI术后远期发生MACEs的ROC曲线,5种风险评分系统对STEMI患者PCI术后远期MACEs的预测价值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论住院时间、血肌酐水平、纤维蛋白原、左心室射血分数、瓣膜返流状态是影响STEMI患者PCI术后远期发生MACEs的影响因素。ACEF、TIMI、Zwolle、PAMI、CADILLAC五种风险评分系统均能预测STEMI患者PCI术后远期MACEs的发生,但从区分度和灵敏度方面考虑推荐使用CADILLAC评分。

基于MARCH试验数据的降糖治疗前后心血管评分变化及其影响因素研究

目的:分析MARCH(二甲双胍和阿卡波糖在中国作为初始降糖治疗)试验中应用阿卡波糖和二甲双胍治疗24周时心血管评分值的变化及其影响因素。方法:录入MARCH数据库共784例患者,排除指标信息不全的152例,选取数据库中随机接受阿卡波糖(n=325)和二甲双胍(n=307)治疗24周的患者进行心血管评分,计算其基线时和治疗24周时的ADVANCE 4年心血管事件风险评分值及改善程度,应用单因素、多因素线性回归分析来确定与评分值变化率(△score%)相关的影响因素。结果:632例患者治疗24周后,心血管评分值较基线皆有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组患者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基线时的甘油三酯值显著影响△score%(P<0.05)。结论:阿卡波糖和二甲双胍均可以显著改善中国2型糖尿病患者的4年心血管风险评分值,2组效果相似。甘油三酯值可显著影响评分值变化率。

银屑病患者心血管疾病风险预测

目的 调查银屑病患者的心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)的风险因素并预测未来CVD的发生风险。方法纳入1067例银屑病患者(银屑病组)和1110例非银屑病体检者(对照组),分析其临床资料和风险因素。结果 与对照组比较,银屑病组与CVD病史、体重指数、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的相关性更强(P<0.01)。CVD在有长期银屑病病史的患者中更为常见,严重银屑病合并糖尿病的发生率更高(P<0.01)。银屑病组预测分析中,“中等风险”和“非常高风险”银屑病患者的比例较高,“老年组”的心脏年龄显著高于其实际年龄(P<0.01)。银屑病患者患CVD的风险更高,且有长期病史或严重疾病的银屑病具有更高的CVD风险。结论 银屑病患者未来CVD的发生风险和预防处理CVD并发症应引起重视。

绝经后妇女血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数与心血管病风险的关系及其对高危心血管病的预测价值

目的探讨绝经后妇女血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)与弗明翰风险评分(FRS)评估的10年心血管病(CVD)风险关系,并评估AIP对绝经后妇女高危CVD的预测价值。方法选取四川省人民医院健康管理中心体检的绝经后妇女462例(绝经后妇女组)和绝经前妇女196例(绝经前妇女组)。AIP以对数形式计算[甘油三酯(TG)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)],运用FRS评估CVD风险,并根据FRS得分将绝经后妇女分为CVD低危组(307例)和高危组(155例)。分析AIP与变量及FRS间的关系,分析绝经后妇女高危CVD的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析AIP对绝经后妇女高危CVD的预测价值。结果与绝经前妇女相比,绝经后妇女的年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、HDL-C、空腹血糖、AIP和FRS均显著升高(均P<0.05)。同时,绝经后妇女中吸烟、患有高血压、糖尿病及高危FRS的比例均明显增加(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示AIP与年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C及FRS均呈正相关,进一步多元线性回归分析发现绝经后妇女AIP与FRS独立相关(β=0.433,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,在调整混杂因素后,AIP仍是绝经后妇女高危CVD的独立危险因素(OR 7.301,95%CI 2.469~15.668,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析表明,AIP预测绝经后妇女高危CVD的曲线下面积为0.868(95%CI 0.836~0.900),最佳截断值为-0.035,敏感度和特异度分别为88.47%和81.23%。结论绝经后妇女的AIP较绝经前妇女明显升高并与CVD风险密切相关,且AIP可用于有效预测绝经后妇女的高危CVD风险。

心血管疾病中高风险人群颈动脉粥样硬化的识别:基于机器学习的预测模型及验证

背景颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)常被视为心血管疾病(CVD)的预警信号,其诊断技术颈动脉多普勒超声检查没有被纳入公共卫生服务项目,同时弗雷明汉风险评分(FRS)存在着评估CAS风险准确性不足的情况,不利于基层医疗人员识别CAS。目前,关于机器学习方法识别FRS中高风险人群CAS的研究依然缺乏。目的运用机器学习方法构建FRS中高风险人群CAS的预测模型,比较其判别效能,筛选出性能最优的模型,以期辅助基层医疗人员更简便更准确地识别CAS。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2019—2021年和2023年在广西壮族自治区柳州市两乡镇的674例当地居民作为研究对象。收集相关信息,并采集空腹血样、尿样检测生化指标。采用FRS评估CVD发生风险;运用颈动脉超声诊断CAS。将2019—2021年517例研究对象按照8∶2的比例随机分为训练集和验证集,训练集用于构建Logistic回归、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)、极端梯度增强(XGBoost)模型和梯度增强决策树(GBDT)模型,验证集用于内部验证;2023年157例研究对象作为测试集,用于外部验证。通过Lasso回归分析筛选特征变量,运用灵敏度、特异度、准确度、F1值和曲线下面积(AUC)评价判别效能,外部验证采用AUC值评价最优模型泛化能力,并通过Shapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)方法探讨影响最优模型识别CAS的重要变量。结果通过Lasso回归,筛选出15个非零特征变量:年龄、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、空腹血糖、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白a(LPA)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、AST/丙氨酸氨基转移酶、尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值。构建的Logistic回归、RF、SVM、XGBoost模型和GBDT模型的AUC值均较高,其中GBDT模型的判别性能最优,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度、F1值和AUC分别是0.7551、0.8364、0.7981、0.7789、0.8349,外部验证AUC为0.7940。SHAP方法发现年龄、SBP、CRP、LPA、ApoB是影响GBDT模型识别CAS排名前5的因素。结论基于机器学习识别CAS的Logistic回归、RF、SVM、XGBoost模型和GBDT模型均显示出较高的判别性能,其中GBDT模型综合判别效能最佳,同时具有较强的泛化能力。

肺部超声B线积分及新型炎症标志物对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者心血管事件风险模型的构建及验证

目的构建并验证肺部超声B线积分(LUBS)及新型炎症标志物[单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、系统免疫炎症指数(SII)、C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值(CAR)]预测糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析(DN-MHD)患者心血管事件的发生风险模型。方法选取北京市普仁医院2018年10月至2022年10月收治的122例DN-MHD患者,按照7∶3的比例分为训练集(86例)和验证集(36例)。将发生心血管事件的患者纳入发生组,分析DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的影响因素,以此构建列线图预测模型并进行验证;受试者工作特征曲线评估列线图预测模型对DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的预测效能;预测模型临床效益使用决策曲线分析。结果训练集33例患者发生心血管事件、验证集13例发生心血管事件。训练集与验证集临床一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。发生组与未发生组透析龄、透析中低血压、LUBS、MHR、SII、CAR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LUBS(OR=5.693)、MHR(OR=3.241)、SII(OR=4.877)、CAR(OR=4.052)是DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型区分度良好;校准曲线与理想曲线拟合度较好。训练集中列线图预测模型预测DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的灵敏度为88.60%、特异度为90.20%,曲线下面积为0.883;验证集中列线图预测模型预测DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的灵敏度为87.50%、特异度为89.10%,曲线下面积为0.874。列线图预测模型在阈值概率为0.00~0.23时可获得最大临床效益。结论基于LUBS、MHR、SII、CAR建立的列线图预测模型可较好地评估DN-MHD患者心血管事件的发生风险。

中医禁食疗法对代谢综合征血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数、Framingham风险评分的影响

目的观察中医禁食疗法对代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患者血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)、Framingham风险评分(Framingham risk score,FRS)的干预作用。方法选取2021年8月至2022年5月就诊于温州市中医院的MS患者90例,根据随机数字表法将其分为禁食组和对照组,每组各45例,同期选取90例健康体检者纳入正常组。对照组患者予正常饮食及运动处方干预,禁食组患者予中医禁食疗法干预,两组患者均干预10d。比较正常组体检时与禁食组、对照组干预前后体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血压、血脂、血糖指标、AIP和FRS,分析禁食组、对照组干预疗效,应用Pearson相关性分析探讨MS患者AIP、FRS与临床指标的关系。结果干预前后,禁食组、对照组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、AIP、FRS均显著高于正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平显著低于正常组(P<0.05);干预后,禁食组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、TG、TC、FPG、AIP、FRS均显著低于本组干预前和对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著高于本组干预前和对照组(P<0.05)。禁食组患者干预后的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS患者的AIP与BMI、TG水平呈正相关,与HDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05),FRS与BMI、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、TC水平呈正相关,与HDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论MS患者的AIP、FRS显著增高,且与BMI、血脂等指标有关,应用中医禁食疗法可显著降低AIP、FRS,改善临床指标及疗效,有利于降低心血管疾病风险。

Life’s Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases:Outcome-wide analyses

Background:Life’s Simple 7,the former construct of cardiovascular health(CVH)has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases(NCDs).However,some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life’s Essential 8 has been established.In this study,we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life’s Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions(PAFs)of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs.Methods:In the UK Biobank,170,726 participants free of 44 common NCDs at baseline were included.The Life’s Essential 8 composite measure consists of four health behaviours(diet,physical activity,nicotine exposure,and sleep)and four health factors(body mass index,non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood glucose,and blood pressure),and the maximum CVH score was 100 points.CVH score was categorized into low,moderate,and high groups.Participants were followed up for 44 NCDs diagnosis across 10 human system disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition(ICD-10)code using linkage to national health records until 2022.Cox proportional hazard models were used in this study.The hazard ratios(HRs)and PAFs of 44 NCDs associated with CVH score were examined.Results:During the median follow-up of 10.85 years,58,889 incident NCD cases were documented.Significant linear dose-response associations were found between higher CVH score and lower risk of 25(56.8%)of 44 NCDs.Low-moderate CVH(<80 points)score accounted for the largest proportion of incident cases in diabetes(PAF:80.3%),followed by gout(59.6%),sleep disorder(55.6%),chronic liver disease(45.9%),chronic kidney disease(40.9%),ischemic heart disease(40.8%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(40.0%),endometrium cancer(35.8%),lung cancer(34.0%),and heart failure(34.0%)as the top 10.Among the eight modifiable factors,overweight/obesity explained the largest number of cases of incident NCDs in endocrine,nutritional,and metabolic diseases(35.4%),digestive system disorders(21.4%),mental and behavioral disorders(12.6%),and cancer(10.3%);however,the PAF of ideal sleep duration ranked first in nervous system(27.5%)and neuropsychiatric disorders(9.9%).Conclusions:Improving CVH score based on Life’s Essential 8 may lower risk of 25 common NCDs.Among CVH metrics,avoiding overweight/obesity may be especially important to prevent new cases of metabolic diseases,NCDs in digestive system,mental and behavioral disorders,and cancer.

2型糖尿病人群血清胆红素水平与动脉硬化及10年心血管病发生风险的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病人群不同血清胆红素水平与动脉硬化及10年心血管病(CVD)发生风险的关系。方法回顾性研究。连续纳入2020年1月至2021年12月于河北省人民医院体检中心查体的2型糖尿病患者1169例为观察对象,根据血清胆红素水平进行三分位法分组,比较不同组间的血浆致动脉硬化指数的差异,行颈动脉检查和动脉硬化检测,并应用Framingham风险评分(FRS)计算10年CVD发生风险,FRS<10%为低风险(706例),FRS>10%为高风险(463例)。结果CVD高风险组的血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平均低于低风险组(均为P<0.05)。随着血清胆红素水平升高,血浆致动脉硬化指数、臂踝脉搏波速度呈下降趋势;随着血清总胆红素、直接胆红素水平升高,FRS和CVD高风险比例呈下降趋势。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平均与10年CVD发生高风险呈独立负相关。结论血清胆红素水平较低的2型糖尿病人群,外周动脉硬化及未来10年心血管事件发生风险可能增加。

生物标记物联合检测与HEART评分对急诊老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者早期危险分层的效能

目的 探讨NT-proBNP、Fib及hs-CRP 3项生物标记物联合检测对老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测效能,并与急诊胸痛危险(HEART)评分进行比较。方法 选取急诊科收治的发作距首次检测时间≤6 h的老年NSTEMI患者90例,根据血运重建术前有无院内MACE分为事件组和非事件组,比较2组患者临床资料、危险评分和检测指标;多因素logistic回归分析筛选发生MACE的危险因素,从受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)获得标记物的截点(Cutoff)值,以达到Cutoff值总数进行危险分层,对HEART危险分层和联合检测危险分层的曲线下面积(AUC)进行基线比较和两两比较。结果 平均年龄72.10±8.32岁,发病距检测时间3.5(2.0,4.5) h,MACE 33例(36.67%);组间比较显示,事件组HEART危险分层、NT-proBNP、Fib和hs-CRP水平均高于非事件组(P <0.05);logistic回归显示,NT-proBNP(OR=1.000,95%CI为1.000~1.000,P=0.039)、Fib(OR=3.286,95%CI为1.543~6.997,P=0.002)和hs-CRP(OR=1.142,95%CI为1.037~1.257,P=0.007)是MACE的危险因素,有效保留在联合检测回归方程;ROC曲线显示,NTpro BNP、Fib和hs-CRP预测MACE的Cutoff值分别为2 203 ng/L、4.36 g/L和14.20 mg/L;同时达到Cutoff值的标记物数越多,联合检测危险分层越高,MACE发生率越高;AUC两两比较显示,HEART危险分层(AUC=0.752,95%CI为0.650~0.854)和联合检测危险分层(AUC=0.903,95%CI为0.838~0.968)与基线比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论 NT-proBNP、Fib和hs-CRP联合检测与HEART危险评分均是高效、准确的危险分层手段,均适用于急诊早期就诊的老年NSTEMI患者在血运重建术前的MACE预测,且生物标记物联合检测的预警效能优于HEART评分。

基于大数据挖掘下银屑病患者心血管疾病风险评估的价值

目的通过大数据回顾性分析银屑病患者心血管疾病(CVD)的发生,建立大数据风险模型评估银屑病患者CVD发病风险。方法收集2014年1月-2018年1月新疆医科大学附属中医医院皮肤科治疗银屑病患者2500例的临床资料,根据随访5年后患者是否发生CVD分为CVD组和无CVD组,对比2组患者临床及实验室资料;采用多因素Logistic回归分析银屑病患者发生CVD的危险因素;通过随机森林算法建立大数据风险模型,应用决策曲线分析大数据风险模型用于银屑病患者CVD发病风险的评估价值。结果随访5年,2500例银屑病患者新发CVD 350例。CVD组年龄、PASI评分、FRS评分、CRP、IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α和IgG水平高于无CVD组,CD4^(+)水平低于无CVD组(χ^(2)/t=9.467,10.512,12.158,15.492,10.677,13.496,15.023,16.002,8.194,P均<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、PASI评分高、FRS评分高、CRP高、IL-17高、IL-22高、TNF-α高、IgG高是银屑病罹患CVD的独立危险因素,CD4^(+)低水平为银屑病罹患CVD的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)=1.051(1.035~1.068),1.083(1.061~1.106),1.245(1.176~1.318),1.429(1.334~1.532),1.142(1.106~1.179),1.170(1.133~1.209),1.370(1.218~1.464),1.601(1.469~1.745),0.947(0.929~0.965)];大数据模型中各变量的重要程度依次为:CRP、IgG、TNF-α、FRS评分、IL-17、PASI评分、IL-22、CD4^(+)、年龄;ROC曲线显示,基于随机森林算法构建的大数据模型预测银屑病患者新发CVD风险的AUC为0.988(95%CI 0.955~0.999,P<0.001);决策曲线分析显示,与FRS评分相比,基于随机森林算法构建的大数据模型对银屑病患者新发CVD风险具有较高的预测能力。结论银屑病患者具有较高的新发CVD风险,基于随机森林算法建立大数据风险模型可提高对银屑病患者发生CVD风险早期评估的准确性。

Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Severe Coronary Lesions in Algerian Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Background: The severity of coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has important prognostic and therapeutic consequences. Clinical symptoms not always reflect the disease severity and this study aimed to evaluate coronary lesions in the Algerian population where these data are scarce. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in consecutive patients with an age ≥20 years who underwent clinically-indicated coronary angiography in our center. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of severe coronary lesions assessed with the Gensini score. The predictive factors of severity were evaluated in a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 507 patients were included (male, 79.7%;mean age, 58.8 years). Coronary angiography was prescribed most frequently for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STMI) (46.9%) and non-STMI (38.1%). The prevalence of severe coronary lesions was 69.6% (95% CI 65.5 - 73.5). In multivariate analysis, the independent predictive factors of severe coronary lesions were male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.00;p = 0.0141), diabetes (OR 1.92;p = 0.0070), left ventricular dysfunction (OR 1.81;p = 0.0059), age (OR 1.72;p = 0.0297) and no lipid-lowering treatment (OR, 0.47;p = 0.0388). Conclusions: Severe coronary lesions were present in two out three patients in this cohort of Algerian patients undergoing coronary angiography. Independent predictive factors of severe coronary lesions were male sex, diabetes, age, left ventricular dysfunction and no lipid-lowering treatment. It is important to identify these at-risk patients, as they should be explored at an asymptomatic stage before a cardiovascular event and receive prompt treatment with angioplasty or surgery.

老年营养风险指数对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征病人经皮冠状动脉介入术后院内主要心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的 探讨老年营养风险营养指数(GNRI)对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后发生院内主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法 回顾性收集2019年12月至2021年6月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的经PCI治疗的NSTE-ACS病人360例,根据病人术后是否发生MACE,分为MACE组48例和非MACE组312例。比较两组间临床资料、实验室检查结果的区别。应用多因素logistic回归分析评估发生MACE的危险因素。应用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线及Delong检验评估GNRI,全球急性冠状动脉事件注册积分(Grace评分)对MACE的预测价值及差异。结果与非MACE组相比,MACE组年龄(75.50±5.37)岁、Grace评分(168.00±32.50)分显著高于非MACE组(69.95±5.21)岁、(139.02±22.59)分,GNRI(95.97±7.33)显著低于非MACE组(103.75±10.47)(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,低GNRI、Grace评分增加及年龄增加是NSTE-ACS病人发生MACE的危险因素(均P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,GNRI、Grace评分和两者联合预测MACE发生的曲线下面积分别为0.74、0.77、0.81(均P<0.05)。进一步使用Delong检验对GNRI及Grace评分的ROC曲线进行比较,结果显示差异无统计学意义(Z=0.73,P=0.468)。结论 GNRI是发生院内MACE的重要影响因素,术前GNRI水平对NSTE-ACS病人PCI术后发生院内MACE具有一定的预测价值。