Care Prevention Needs in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan

Care prevention comprises an integral part of long-term care in Japan and is provided across the following populations: those without problems when screened by the Basic Check List (BCL, Type 1), those having problems when screened by the BCL (Type 2), and those certified in the “support need levels” by the long-term care insurance eligibility assessment (Type 3). We aimed to clarify the care prevention needs across these three populations by using the interRAI Check-Up, an internationally developed instrument. We conducted cross-sectional surveys to assess care prevention needs for convenience samples of community-dwelling older adults in two cities in western Japan from October 2016 to December 2017, and we integrated the secondary data of older adults’ assessment from September 2014 to June 2018. Prevalence rates of nine domains of care prevention needs were calculated. Among the 125 participants, 20 were Type 1, 23 were Type 2, and 82 were Type 3. All three types had the following needs that had not been assessed in the BCL: pains, risk of hospital-emergency room visits, driving reviews, and instrumental activities of daily living capacity. The results showed that interventions for a wide range of care prevention needs should be considered in the long-term care prevention project.

Semaglutide’s Trail of Success in Weight Loss Management and HbA1c Reduction: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.

上海市预防服务费用核算及补偿模式研究

目的核算2018年上海市预防服务费用,分析公共卫生的投入与补偿模式,提出针对性的对策建议。方法基于卫生费用核算体系2011(System of Health Accounts 2011 Edition,SHA 2011),核算并阐述上海市预防服务费用的基本情况、功能配置、筹资补偿和机构流向。基于样本机构,梳理公共卫生投入及补偿情况。结果上海市预防服务总费用为151.66亿元,占经常性卫生费用的7.61%,人均预防服务费用为625.72元。预防服务费用主要用于其他项目、健康体检、免疫规划和慢性病管理等项目;主要发生在医院、基层医疗卫生机构和公共卫生机构,分别占47.24%、36.60%和16.16%;筹资来源以政府方案、家庭卫生支出和企业筹资方案为主。结论预防服务提供成本难以准确衡量,需从源头把控数据填报质量,加强核算数据精确性。公立医院公共卫生的投入与补偿需进一步明确政府责任,完善机制建设,稳步推进“医防融合”模式转变。

Clinical Experience of Professor Du Xiaoquan's Treatment of Spleen and Spleen Disease

Professor du Xiaoquan is a famous Chinese medicine in Shaanxi Province,a master's tutor,a professor of Shaanxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine,a director of the Department of traditional Chinese Medicine,and a professor of Shen Shuwen,a national famous old Chinese medicine.

Improving capacity building by implementing comprehensive eye care project,experiences from Kuandian County,China

The global campaign “Vision 2020： The Right to Sight” was officially launched in Geneva byDr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, the Director General of World Health Organization （ WHO ） in February 1999. This represents the global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness by the year 2020.1 Seven months later, the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness （IAPB） General Assembly was held in Beijing, China. During the IAPB General Assembly, the Chinese Ministry of Health, China Disabled Person＇ s Federation together with WHO launched the national campaign “Vision 2020： The Right to Sight” in China.